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Genus *Rhodococcus* =================== - - - - - Characteristics of *Rhodococcus hoagii* --------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - Transmission of *Rhodococcus hoagii* ------------------------------------ - - - - Pathogenesis of *Rh...

Genus *Rhodococcus* =================== - - - - - Characteristics of *Rhodococcus hoagii* --------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - Transmission of *Rhodococcus hoagii* ------------------------------------ - - - - Pathogenesis of *Rhodococcus hoagii* ------------------------------------ 1. - 2. 3. 4. 5. - Foal rhodococcosis ------------------ - - - - - - - - - ### Ulcerative typhlocolitis & Mesenteric Lymphadenitis - Rhodococcosis in Other Animals ------------------------------ ### Swine & Cattle - - - - - - - ### Humans - - Rarely seen in dogs and cats but if reported cases seems to be associated with immunocompromised patients. Genus *Trueperella* =================== - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Characteristics --------------- - - - - - - - - *Trueperella* Transmission -------------------------- - - *Trueperella pyogenes* Infections --------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lungs Pericardium Peritoneum Brain -------- ------------- -------------- ---------------------- Pleura Endocardium Renal cortex Bones Joints Liver Uterus Subcutaneous tissues - - ### *T. pyogenes* Infections in Cattle - #### **Metritis & Endometritis** - - - - - - #### **Liver Abscesses in Feedlot Cattle** - - - - - - - - #### **Foot rot in Feedlot & Dairy Cattle** - - - #### **Mastitis** - - - - - - - - - - - - *T. pyogenes* in Other Species ------------------------------ ### Pigs Abscesses Pneumonia Pleuritis Endocarditis ---------------- --------------- ----------- -------------- Osteoarthritis Polyarthritis Mastitis Metritis Septicemia ### Sheep & Goats - - ### Humans - - ### Horses, dogs & cats - Genus *Bacillus* ================ - - - - 1. - - - - - 2. - - - - - - 3. - - - - Characteristics --------------- - - - - - - - *Bacillus anthracis* -------------------- Anthrax has been reported on nearly every continent especially in agricultural regions as spores can survive in areas with neutral or alkaline calcareous soils. Epizootic events are usually associated with droughts, floods or natural events that cause soil disturbance and stir up and activate spores. There can be many years between anthrax outbreaks and it most commonly infects ungulate herbivores since they are frequently exposed to the pathogen when grazing. **Vegetative form is only found in the host body and NOT in the environment. Only spores are found in the environment.** ### Main Virulence Factors of *B. anthracis* #### **Toxins** ##### Lethal factor (LEF) - b. ##### Edema factor (EF) - - - - - #### **Capsule** #### **Secondary virulences factors** - - - ### *B. anthracis* Transmission & Pathogenesis Spores enter the host by skin breach, ingestion or inhalation and can cause 3 forms of anthrax #### **Cutaneous anthrax** - - - - -  #### **Intestinal anthrax** - - - - - - #### **Pulmonary anthrax** - - - - - ### Anthrax in Ruminants Signs of anthrax are usually sudden and unexpected death possibly pre indicated by minor anorexia and reduction in milk yield. Cattle may experience a rapid raise of body temperature (\~41.5ºC), staggering, dyspnea, trembling, collapse with convulsive movements and bleeding from the orifices just before or at the time of death. These signs should provide a strong suspicion of anthrax. ### Anthrax in Other Species #### **Horses** - **[Symptoms]** Fever & Chills Severe colic Anorexia ------------------ ------------------------------- -------------------------------- Depression Weakness Diarrhea Swelling of neck Swelling of abdomen & sternum Swelling of external genitalia #### **Pigs** - - - - - - - #### **Dogs, Cats & Wild Carnivores** - - ### Control & Prevent of Anthrax - - - - - - - - - - Other *Bacillus* Caused Diseases -------------------------------- Bacillus cereus - - - Bacillus licheniformis - - Bacillus subtilis -