Test 2 Biology Past Paper PDF

**Test 1** 1. 2. 3. - - - - - 4. - - - - - 5. - - - - 6. - - - - 7. - - - - - A solution with a pH of 5 has a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hydrogen ion concentration than a solution with a pH of 2. - - - Which o...

**Test 1** 1. 2. 3. - - - - - 4. - - - - - 5. - - - - 6. - - - - 7. - - - - - A solution with a pH of 5 has a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hydrogen ion concentration than a solution with a pH of 2. - - - Which of the following terms is the MOST SPECIFIC term for a chain of 2 glucose units bonded together with the loss of water describes - - - - - Which of the following does NOT characterize proteins? - - - - - Which of the following is NOT considered a factor that influences the rate of a chemical reaction (i.e. reaction rate)? - - - - This organelle facilitates peptic bond formation between amino acids. - - - - The cellular organelle which has a role in removing free radicals formed in the cell is the: - - - - - Which plasma membrane extension would be used for increasing surface area, thereby improving the efficiency of movement of substances into or out of the cell? - - - Chromosomes align on the spindle equator would be seen during which phase of mitosis? - - - - - **Test 2** 1\) What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels? - - - - 2\. Cell differentiation in the epidermis is accomplished by\_\_\_\_, or controlled cell death. - - - - 3\) Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers? - - - - 4)T/F A physician is often able to detect homeostatic imbalances in the body by observing changes in the skin color. \_5) Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. - - - - 6\) A splinter penetrated the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured? - - - - 7\) Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through duets are classified as \_\_\_\_ - - - - The major regions of a hair shaft include all the following except - - - - 9\) The immature cell for bone production is the - - - - Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues: - - - - A- Smooth muscle. B- Skeletal muscle. \* D-Cardiac muscle. C- Areolar connective tissue. 1. Which of these is not a derivative of the skin? A\) hair B\) nails C\) sweat glands D\) Merkel Cells 16\) Which of these is an example of a holocrine gland? A. B\) sweat C\) salivary D\) pancreas 17\) Which cell type is not found in areolar connective tissue. A\) chondrocytes B\) fibroblasts C\) macrophages D\) mast cells 18\) Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. - - - - 19\) Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue - - - - 20\) Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for - - - - 21\) The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that\_\_\_ - 22\) Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched? A\) Keratinocytes-provide sense of touch and pressure B\) melanocytes -protects cells in the stratum corneum from damaging effects of sun\'s rays C\) dendritic cells- activate the immune system D\) Tactile cells- protection 23\) The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? - - - - 24\) Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(n) - - - - 25\) The shape of the ear is maintained by which type of cartilage? - - - - 26\) epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact wit the - - - - 27\) Which of the following epidermal layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? - - - - 28\) Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body\'s natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage? - - - - 29\) Which statement best describes connective tissue? - - - - 30\) T/F Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack strations. 31\) What are the most important factors influencing hair growth? - - - - 32\) Where would we find apocrine glands in the human body? - - - - 33\) This layer of the epidermis is only found in the thick skin - - - - 34\) Edema occurs when - - - - 35\) The \_\_\_\_ bumps are the small muscles located in the dermis that cause goose - - - - 36\) Which of these is not a sign of aging? - - - - 37\) T/F Third degree burns are the most painful 38\) Changes in skin color are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from jaundice? - - - - 39\) The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength, which allows them to absorb shock, is because they possess - - - - 40\) A chondrocyte would be in what phase of the cell cycle? - - - - 41\) Which of the following will NOT speed up the net rate of diffusion for glucose into a cell? A\) Increasing the concentration of glucose outside of the eeti. B Increasing the number of glucose transport proteins within the plasma membrane C\) Decreasing the number of phospholipids in the plasma membrane D\) Decreasing the concentration of glucose within the cell. 42\) Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tiser - - - - 43\) Connective tissue proper MATRIX is composed of - - - - 44\) Cell type not found in areolar connective tissue. - - - - 45\) Above which epidermal layer would you no longer see living cells? - - - - - Questions 46-49. Match the description below with the specialized junction listed in Column A that best fits the description. 1. 2. 3. 4. Questions 50-52. Match the description below with the tissue type listed in Column B that best fits the description. 1. 2. 3. 53\) The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body-Serous Membrane 54\) The epithelial membrane that lines body canties open to the exterior- Mucous membrane 55\) Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium- Cutaneous 56\) Makes up the pleura and pericardiu- Mesothellum or Serous Membrane 57\) Capillaries are composed exclusively of this tissue type-Endothelium 58\) The epithelium that is found in the serous membranes- Mesothelium Questions 59-62. Match the description below with the tissue type listed in Column D that best fits the Column D 59\) has an apical surface and a basal surface- stratified squamous epithelium, simple squamous epithelium, stratified columnar epithelium, 60\) rare tissue that lines part of male urethra- stratified columnar epithelium, 61\) epidermal tissue that functions in protection- stratified squamous epithelium 62\) diffusion, filtration, absorption and secretion can take place easily across this type of tissue- simple squamous epithelium **Test 3** 1. - - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - - - 4. - - - - 5. - - - - 6. - - - - 7. - - - - 8. - - - - 9. - - - - 10. - - - - - - - 11. - - - - 12. - 13. - - - - 14. - - 15. - - - - 16. - - - 17. - - 18. - - - - 19. - - - - ### 22. Ossification of the ends of long bones: - - - - ### 23. Match the following bone processes/structures: #### The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification: - #### The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface: - #### Bone develops from a fibrous membrane: - #### Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place: - ### 24. Bone resorption in multiple myeloma bone disease is caused by: - - - ### 25. Bone cells affected by elevated levels of sclerostin: - - - ### 26. Adding new bony matrix to injury sites is known as: - - - - ### 27. Most severe type of bone fracture: - - - ### 28. A fracture caused by excessive twisting forces: - - - - ### 29. Stage NOT involved in bone repair: - - - - ### 30. First event in bone wound healing: - - - - ### 31. True calcium deficiency in bone matrix occurs in: - - - - ### 32. Bone type providing space for marrow and making bones lighter: - - - - ### 33. Term \"diploë\" refers to: - - - - ### 34. Part of a long bone containing mostly adipose tissue: - - - - ### 35. Haversian canal contains: - - - - ### 36. Primary importance of calcium to the body: - - - - ### 37. Bone marrow responsible for red blood cell production: - - - - ### 38. Structure encompassing a central canal and its surrounding matrix: - - - - - ### 39. Resilience of bone is due to: - - - - ### 40. Suture joints in the cranium are classified as: - - - - - - ### 41. Types of fibrous joints: - - - - ### 42. Statement about joint stability and range of motion: - - ### 43. Tissue serving as the forerunner of long bones in embryos: - - - - ### 44. Fontanelles (\"soft spots\") in an infant's cranium: - - - ### 45. The formation of bone in the body is known as: - - - - ### 46. Cause of early epiphyseal plate closure in children: - - - - ### 47. Some facial bones continue to grow throughout adulthood: - - ### 48. Ages for epiphyseal plate closure in most individuals: - - ### 49. Determines secretion of PTH or calcitonin: - - - - - ### 50. Blood calcium levels in patients without parathyroid glands: - - - 60. - - - - 61. - - - - 62. - - - - 63. - - - - 64. - - - - 65. - - - - **TEST 4** TRUE/FALSE. Write \'T\' if the statement is true and \'F\' if the statement is false. 1. 2. 3. 4. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 5\. What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? - - - - 6\. What is the primary function of wave summation? - - - - The sliding filament model of contraction involves - - - - 8\. Which of the following is the correct order for the phases of a muscle twitch? - - - - 9\. Arrange the following numbered items in proper order from largest to smallest. 1\. Myofibril 2. Fascicle 3. Sarcomere 4. Fiber 5. Actin Filament 6. Muscle The proper order is - - - - - 10\. Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments no longer overlapped, - - - - 11\. What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors? - - - - 12\. When a sarcomere contracts and thin filaments move over thick filaments, you would expect to see - - - - 13\. Myasthenia gravis is a disease that is believed to be caused by autoimmune disorder, resulting in the loss of ACh receptors at the motor end plate of muscle fibers. Which of the following is likely to be a symptom of myasthenia gravis? - - - - 14\. Which of the following statements best illustrates the fact that skeletal muscle is voluntary muscle? - - - - 15\. The connective tissue of a tendon is continuous with what structure(s)? - - - - - 16\. Which of the following is false regarding ATP use in a muscle fiber? - - - - 17\. Addition of more mitochondria to a muscle fiber will have the greatest effect on - - - - 18\. Which is true concerning muscle tissue? - - - - 19\. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential? - - - - 20\. An action potential is regarded as an example of a positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential? - - - - 21\. What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles? - - - - 22\. Most skeletal muscles contain. - - - - 23\. The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by - - - - 24\. Myoglobin, - - - - 25\. Although all the anatomical parts of a muscle work together to give it it\'s characteristics, which of the following proteins listed below would be most associated with the characteristic of extensibility? - - - - 26\. What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage? - - - - 27\. Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the period during which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptors. - - - - 28\. Which protein covers the myosin-binding site on actin when a muscle cell is relaxed? - - - - - 29\. Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by - - - - 30\. The contractile units of skeletal muscles are. - - - - 31\. What is the functional role of the T tubules? - - - - During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to - - - - 33\. During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? - - - - 34\. Which of the following surrounds an individual muscle cell? - - - - 36\. Rigor mortis occurs because - - - - 36\. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions? - - - - 37\. An anaerobic metabolie pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is - - - - 38\. After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction? - - - - MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following: 39\. Depend on oxygen delivery and aerobic mechanisms.- Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers 40\. Have very fast-acting myosin ATPases and depend upon aerobic metabolism during contraction-Fast (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers 41\. Contain abundant amounts of glycogen- Fast (glycolytic), fatigable fibers 42\. Abundant in muscles used to maintain posture-Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers 43.Determined by alternating motor units of a muscle organ even when the muscle is at rest-Muscle tone 44\. Continued sustained smooth contraction due to rapid stimulation-tetanus 45\. When the muscle tension developed overcomes the load and muscle shortening occurs-Isotonic contraction 46\. A sarcomere is the distance between two- Z discs 47\. The \_\_\_.contains only the actin filaments- I band 48.The thicker filaments are the \_\_ filaments- Myosin 49\. Both actin and myosin are found in
the- A band 50.The myosin filaments are located in
the- A band