Civil Engineering Terms - PDF

TERMS Concrete a construction material produced by combining Portland cement with aggregate and water Normal-weight concrete usually weighs from 140 to 160 lb/cu. ft. Lightweight insulating concrete may weigh from 15 to 90 lb...

TERMS Concrete a construction material produced by combining Portland cement with aggregate and water Normal-weight concrete usually weighs from 140 to 160 lb/cu. ft. Lightweight insulating concrete may weigh from 15 to 90 lb/cu. ft. and have a 28-day compressive strength of 100 to 1000 psi Mass concrete concrete used for structures such as dams in which the weight of the concrete provides most of the strength of the structure Heavyweight concrete made with heavy aggregates such as barite, magnetite, and steel punchings; used primarily for nuclear radiation shielding Refractory concrete is concrete that has been cast into the desired shape prior to placement in a structure Leveling refers to bringing of a concrete surface to true grade with enough mortar to produce the desired finish Edging refers to rounding off the formed edge of a slab to prevent chipping or damage Screeding refers to moving a straight edge back and forth with a sawlike motion on the surface of newly-placed concrete Jointing premolded inserts are placed in concrete slabs to control cracking in the concrete as a result of shrinkage Bleeding the tendency of dry materials in concrete to settle to the bottom and displace the mixing water to the surface Troweling done on slabs that are left exposed or to receive thin finishes such as resilient flooring, carpet, tile or paint Scaling the breaking away of hardened concrete surface of a slab to a depth of about 1/6 to 3/16 of an inch. Usually occurs in the early age of the slab Harbor a protected water area to provide safe and suitable accommodation for ships for the transfer of cargo, refueling, repairs, etc. Natural harbors harbors protected from storms and waves by the natural configuration of the land Artificial harbors harbors protected by breakwaters or harbors created by dredging Port a sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It includes the harbor with its approach channels and anchorage places. Fairway a navigable channel in harbor, offshore, etc., the usual course taken by vessels in such places Wharf a continuous structure built parallel to along the margin of the sea or alongside riverbanks, canals, or waterways where vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo, embark or disembark passengers or lie at rest Pier any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline and includes any stage, stair landing place, landing stage jetty, floating barge, and pontoon, any bridge or other works connected there with Jetty a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored Dolphin a berth structure for mooring the ship on the open sea, an isolated piled or gravity structure used either to maneuver a ship or facilitate holding it in position at its berth Significant wave the hypothetical wave whose height and period are the mean height and period of a wave group Highest wave it is the highest wave in the wave group Mean wave a wave whose height and period are equal to the mean height and period of all the waves in the wave group Deepwater waves is the wave at a place where water depth is at least one- half of the wavelength; the wave parameters are expressed with those of the significant wave at this place Mean Sea Level average of sea water level for all stages of the tide over a 19- year period Mean Low Water is the height of the low water over a 19-year period Mean Lower Low Water is the average height of the lower low waters over a 19- year period Storm Surge the abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by. This rise above normal level on this open coast is due to atmosphere pressure reduction as well as due to wind stress Tsunamis waves with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large-scale sea floor movement usually associated with severe, shallow focus earthquakes Seiche phenomenon involving abnormal oscillations of the water level with a period of approximately a few minutes to a few tens of minutes Seal coat a very thin surface treatment of bituminous material which is applied as a final step in the construction of certain bituminous wearing surfaces of roads Tack coat a single initial application of bituminous material onto existing bituminous, Portland cement concrete, or block surface Prime coat is the single application of liquid bituminous material onto a previously prepared and untreated road base, such as earth, gravel, stabilized soil, or water-bound macadam base courses Perception time time required for the driver to realize that brakes must be applied Intellection time time required to understand the situation which is also the time required for comparing difference thoughts, regrouping, and registering new sensations Emotion time time elapsed during emotional sensation and disturbance such as fear, anger, or any other emotional feelings such as superstitions with reference to the situation Volition time time taken for the final action Traffic sign device mounted on a fixed support or portable support whereby a specific message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic Regulatory sign signs that inform road users of traffic laws and regulations Warning signs warns users of road condition on or adjacent to the road Guide signs inform and advice road users of directions, distance, routes, and points of interest Roadwork signs warn users of temporary hazardous conditions that could endanger road users or the men and equipment engaged in roadwork Overhead signs signs which provide means of displaying essential traffic information on wide multi-lane roads, where some degree of lane use control is required or where side-of-road clearance is insufficient to accommodate a road side sign Plate line capacity the bucket volume contained within the bucket when following the outline of the bucket sides Struck capacity bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush within the bucket sides Water line capacity assumes a level of material flush with the lowest edge of the bucket Heaped volume maximum volume that can be placed in the bucket without spillage based on a specific angle of repose Grade resistance represents the component of vehicle weight which acts parallel to the inclined surface Rolling resistance primarily due to tire flexing and penetration of the travel surface Total resistance the combination of grade resistance and rolling resistance Aggregate used in concrete to reduce the cost of the mix and reduce shrinkage Water required in the concrete mix to provide the moisture required for hydration of cement to take place Hydration chemical reaction between cement and water which produces hardened cement Water-reducing agent increases the slump or workability of a concrete mix, allowing the amount of water in concrete to be changed without a change in consistency Retarder slows the rate of hardening of concrete Accelerator decreases setting time and increase the early strength of concrete Pozzolan used to reduce the heat of hydration, increase workability, and reduce segregation of mix Plasticizers used to increase workability of mix Batching process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates, and additives prior to mixing concrete Admixture material other than cement, aggregates, and water that are added to concrete either immediately before or during its mixing to alter the properties of concrete in a variety of ways