Anatomical Terminology PDF

Anatomical Terminology Anatomy 110 Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science Course Objective: Demonstrate technical skills in embalming and restorative art that are necessary for the preparation and handling of human remains Lecture Objective: Define anatomical terminology and body o...

Anatomical Terminology Anatomy 110 Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science Course Objective: Demonstrate technical skills in embalming and restorative art that are necessary for the preparation and handling of human remains Lecture Objective: Define anatomical terminology and body organization sufficient to communicate effectively with the public, public officials, and health professionals  Anatomical Terminology ANATOMY – the branch of science dealing with the study of the structure of the body Subdivisions of Anatomy Cytology Systemic Gross examines specific examines specific studies anatomical types of cells organ systems features observable by the naked eye Histology study of tissues Pathology Topographical Regional studies changes studies layering associated with structure of studies specific body regions diseases anatomical regions  Anatomical Position Body is erect or in standing posture with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward; head & feet point forward; feet are aligned at the toe and slightly set apart Why do we use anatomical position? Anatomical Position  Directional Terminology Superior Anterior (Ventral) Medial toward the top of the before or in front of; refers pertaining to the middle; head; a structure situated to the front side of the toward the median plane above another structure; body or structure of the body the opposite of inferior Inferior Posterior (Dorsal) Lateral beneath; lower; the behind or in back of; pertaining to the side of undersurface of an organ; refers to the back side of the body; away from the a structure below another the body or structure; median plane structure; opposite of opposite of anterior superior  Directional Terminology Proximal Internal Parietal nearest to the point of within the body; within or pertaining to, or forming, attachment of a limb to on the inside; the opposite the wall of a cavity; e.g. the trunk of the body, the of external the parietal pleura opposite of distal Distal External Visceral farther away from the pertaining to the exterior; pertaining to the internal point of attachment or the opposite of internal organs contained within a from the trunk; opposite cavity of proximal  Directional Terminology Peripheral Supine Superficial located at, or pertaining to, body is lying face pertaining to or situated the outer surface of the body upward near the surface of the body or body part; located away or body part from the center Prone body is lying face down Central Deep situated at or pertaining to Perpendicular below the surface, or a center or central point toward the central part at right angles to of a structure another surface Body Planes Body Planes Section – a cut of the body being divided by an imaginary flat plate (a plane) Sagittal Midsagittal (Median) vertical plane, divides body into sagittal plane that divides the body right/left halves into equal right/left halves Transverse (Cross) Frontal (Coronal) horizontal plane dividing the body into vertical plane dividing the body into upper and lower halves front/back Bilateral Symmetry – Median line along the middle of the body divides the body into two similar halves  Levels of Organization  Systems Organs Levels of Organization Tissues Cells  Levels of Organization Defined System Organ Tissue Cells a group of organs a group of an organization of basic building arranged for the several different many cells that blocks of all living performance of a kinds of tissues act together to organisms specific function arranged in ways perform a that allow them to common function act as a unit to perform a special function Types of Tissues Tissue Type Description Epithelial Tissue lining the body surface and hollow structures Connective Tissue providing structural and functional support Muscular Tissue that shortens and contracts to create movement Nervous Tissue that makes up the nervous system Accessory (Auxillary) structure - this term is applied to a lesser structure that resembles a similar organ in structure and function, such as the accessory pancreatic duct Body Walls & Cavities Body Walls & Cavities Body Walls – surround a cavity Body cavities – open spaces that contain internal organs  Dorsal Cavities Dorsal Cavities – house organs of the central nervous system (along the posterior part of the body) Cranial Cavity Spinal Cavity space inside the skull that contains space inside the vertebral column the brain containing the spinal cord Ventral Cavities Ventral (Thoracic) cavity – anterior cavity separated by the diaphragm Mediastinum Pleural Cavities Midsection of the thoracic cavity Contain the lungs Pericardial Cavity Contains the heart Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominopelvic (Peritoneal) cavity– lower anterior cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity Contains the liver, gallbladder, Contains the lower (sigmoid) stomach, spleen, pancreas, colon, rectum, urinary bladder, small intestine, and parts of the and reproductive organs large intestine Body Regions Head + Neck (Cervical) Trunk ial Head is divided into cranium Divided into the thorax (chest), Ax (skull) and the face abdomen (stomach), and pelvis (lower torso) lar Upper Extremities Lower Extremities icu nd pe Arms + pectoral girdle Legs + pelvic girdle Ap Topographical Anatomy Intro  Topographical Anatomy Linear guide – line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure Anatomical guide – descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of identifiable anatomical structures Anatomical limits– points of origin and termination in relation to adjacent structures used to designate the boundaries of arteries  Lesson Summary Vocabulary Check 📓 Accessory 📓 External 📓 Posterior (dorsal) 📓 Anatomy 📓 Histology 📓 Proximal 📓 Anterior (ventral) 📓 Internal 📓 Superficial 📓 Bilateral symmetry 📓 Lateral 📓 Superior 📓 Central 📓 Medial 📓 System 📓 Deep 📓 Parietal 📓 Ventral 📓 Distal 📓 Peripheral 📓 Dorsal 📓 Perpendicular Concept Review: ANATOMICAL POSITION DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY BODY PLANES LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION WITHIN THE BODY BODY WALLS & BODY CAVITIES BODY REGIONS TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY Lecture Objective: Define anatomical terminology and body organization sufficient to communicate effectively with the public, public officials, and health professionals Course Objective: Demonstrate technical skills in embalming and restorative art that are necessary for the preparation and handling of human remains