Biomolecules - Term 1 - 12 - PDF

 BIOMOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEIN  CARBOHYDRATES SUGAR WE GET 4 KILOCALORIES PER GRAM OF CARBOHYDRATES WHEN WE EAT  CARBOHYDRATES Most common organic molecule Function: Primary energy source our body needs Elements...

 BIOMOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEIN  CARBOHYDRATES SUGAR WE GET 4 KILOCALORIES PER GRAM OF CARBOHYDRATES WHEN WE EAT  CARBOHYDRATES Most common organic molecule Function: Primary energy source our body needs Elements present: C, H, O (1:2:1 ratio) Monomer (building block): Monosaccharides (Glucose is most common) Polymer: Polysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin) Examples: Chocolate, Bread, Pasta, Fruits, Vegetables (ALL FROM PLANTS!!!)  CARBOHYDRATES Sugars that make up Carbohydrates Single sugar: monosaccharide Ex: glucose , fructose (in fruits) 2 monosaccharides: disaccharide Ex: maltose, sucrose 3+ monosaccharides: polysaccharide Ex: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Chitin  CARBOHYDRATES Types of polysaccharides 1. Starch Used for energy storage in plants Potatoes, pasta and rice are starches They provide a quick form of energy for the body 2. Glycogen Used for energy storage in animals Glycogen are form in the Liver  CARBOHYDRATES Types of polysaccharides 3. Cellulose Provides structural support in plants (found in the cell wall) 4. Chitin Found in exoskeletens of arthropods (insects, spiders) Found in cell wall of some fungi  LIPIDS FATS WE GET 9 KILOCALORIES OF FAT PER GRAM WHEN WE EAT  LIPIDS Function: Store energy, Insulates your body, and make up the cell membrane! Elements: C-H-O Monomer (Building blocks): glycerol & 3 fatty acids Polymer: Phospholipids, triglycerides Example: Steroids, cholesterol, fats, Oils, Nuts, Waxes, and make up part of the cell membrane!  LIPIDS Lipids are Hydrophobic (water fearing) and do not dissolve in water! Lipids can be: Saturated: The bonds between all the carbons are single bonds. - Solid at room temperature - Mainly animal fats (bacon grease, lard) Unsaturated: There is at least one double or triple bond between carbons present. - Liquid at room temperature - Mainly plant based fats (olive oil, peanut oil) as well as oily fish (Tuna, Sardines)  PROTEIN MUSCLE ENHANCER WE GET 4 KILOCALORIES PER GRAM OF PROTEIN WHEN WE EAT  PROTEIN Function: - Transport molecules in and out of the cell - Control the speed of chemical reactions - Used for growth and repair - Proteins make up the structure of living things. Hair, nails, skin, bones, muscle, etc are all built by protein!  PROTEIN Elements: C-H-O-N Monomer (Building Block): amino acids (20 different ones!) Polymer: proteins (tons) Examples of proteins: hemoglobin in red blood cells, albumin in eggs, enzymes that control reactions in the body, and antibodies Found in: fish, eggs, meat  NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA COMPONENT THESE BIOMOLECULES ARE NOT NECESSARILY FROM FOOD  NUCLEIC ACIDS Function: - Provide our genetic information - Holds the instructions to make proteins. Elements: C-H-O-N-P Monomer : Nucleotides - A nucleotide is made up of: Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base (A, T, G, C, or U) of DNA Polymer: DNA (Genetic Code), RNA (Protein Recipe) and ATP (Energy Carrier) NEXT TOPIC: PHOTOSYNTHESIS