Review - Cells PDF

Name: Review - Cells Answer all the questions. 1. The chart below includes structures found in a multicellular organism. Which row contains the structures that would be most numerous? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D...

Name: Review - Cells Answer all the questions. 1. The chart below includes structures found in a multicellular organism. Which row contains the structures that would be most numerous? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2. Which statement concerning the functioning of cells is correct? A) Mitochondria transfer energy from organic compounds to form ATP molecules. B) Vacuoles are the sites of DNA synthesis. C) The nucleus stores genes that will later be removed from the cell. D) The cell membrane prevents the diffusion of all poisons into a cell from its environment. 3. Homeostasis in single-celled organisms is maintained through the proper functioning of A) organelles B) estrogen C) guard cells D) antibodies 4. Creatine, a popular nutritional supplement, is used to decrease fatigue by increasing ATP in muscle cells. The cell structure directly responsible for the increased production of ATP in human muscle cells is the A) chloroplast B) mitochondrion C) vacuole D) nucleus 5. Cells possess structures that perform specific jobs. Which statement correctly pairs a cell structure with a function it performs in the cells? A) The cell membrane synthesizes proteins for cell processes. B) The mitochondria provide energy for cell processes. C) Ribosomes regulate which materials enter and leave the cell. D) Vacuoles transfer genetic information from one cell to another. Page 1  Review - Cells 6. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a series of events that occur within living organisms. Cell structure X is a A) ribosome B) vacuole C) cell membrane D) mitochondrion 7. The respiratory system of an elephant functions in a similar way to which organelle in a single celled organism? A) cell membrane B) nucleus C) vacuole D) chloroplast 8. The diagram below represents a cell in the human body. Which statement concerning the structures within this cell is accurate? A) Structure 1 is a chloroplast that carries out photosynthesis. B) Structure 2 is a vacuole that contains DNA. C) Structure 3 is a mitochondrion, where respiration takes place. D) Structure 4 is the cell membrane, which provides rigid support for the cell. 9. Mitochondria provide ribosomes with 11. The diagram below represents a cell that produces digestive enzymes. A) ATP for protein synthesis B) amino acids for protein synthesis C) oxygen for respiration D) carbon dioxide for the production of sugars 10. In single-celled organisms, materials are stored primarily in A) ribosomes B) mitochondria C) nuclei D) vacuoles Which cellular structure would be the most likely location for the synthesis of these enzymes? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Page 2  Review - Cells Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a cell. 12. Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP? A) A B) B C) C D) D 13. Which structure is responsible for the passage of materials into and out of the cell? A) A B) B C) C D) D 14. The cell represented below produces oxygen. 15. In the cell shown below, which lettered structure is responsible for the excretion of most cellular wastes? Which structure allows the passage of this oxygen to the environment? A) A B) B C) C D) D A) A B) B C) C D) D 16. The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in A) a nucleus B) a chromosome C) a protein molecule D) an enzyme molecule Page 3  Review - Cells 17. In a cell, information that controls the production of 21. Base your answer to the following question on The proteins must pass from the nucleus to which diagram below represents a plant cell. organelle? A) cell membrane B) chloroplasts C) mitochondria D) ribosomes 18. Which letter in the diagram below indicates the structure that is most closely associated with excretion? Which cell structure functions as a storage site for organic acid wastes? A) A B) B C) C D) D 22. Which metabolic process is most closely associated with the organelle represented in the diagram below? A) A B) B C) C D) D 19. A structure that performs a specialized function within a cell is known as A) a tissue B) an organelle C) an organ D) a system 20. Which letter in the diagram below indicates an organelle that functions primarily in the synthesis of long chains of amino acids? A) intracellular digestion B) aerobic respiration C) synthesis of glycogen D) hydrolysis of lipids 23. Which structures are found in every living cell? A) a plasma membrane and cytoplasm B) chloroplasts and mitochondria C) a cell wall and nucleus D) centrioles and chromosomes A) A B) B C) C D) D Page 4  Review - Cells 24. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below which represent two different cells. Cell II most likely represents a plant cell due to the presence of A) A B) B C) E D) F 25. Which structures in the diagram below enable the observer to identify it as a plant cell? A) A and B B) B and C C) A and C D) B and D 26. Levels of organization in humans are represented below. Level X most likely represents A) molecules B) organelles C) tissues D) ribosomes Page 5  Review - Cells 27. The diagram below represents the organization of 31. Base your answer to the following question on " structures within an organism. Some human body cells are shown in the diagrams below. Which term best indicates the structures represented " by the circle labeled X? These groups of cells represent different A) organelles B) chromosomes A) tissues in which similar cells function together C) organ systems D) tissues B) organs that help to carry out a specific life 28. Which sequence best represents increasing activity complexity? C) systems that are responsible for a specific life activity A) tissues cells organelles organs D) organelles that carry out different functions B) cells organelles organs organism C) organelles cells tissues organs D) organism cells tissues organelle 29. A similarity between humans and many other multicellular animals is that they A) occupy the same niche in most food webs B) are composed of organ systems C) have the same DNA sequences D) carry out autotrophic nutrition 30. Which sequence represents the correct order of organization in complex organisms? A) tissues organs systems cells B) organs tissues systems cells C) systems organs cells tissues D) cells tissues organs systems Page 6  Review - Cells 32. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Proteins are an important part of any diet. Many kinds of food can provide the proteins that we need. Identify the structure in a cell where proteins are synthesized. 33. Today, many diseases have been linked to mutations that cause mitochondria to fail. Patients who suffer from mitochondrial diseases may suffer from fatigue and weakness. Explain why patients with a mitochondrial disease would tend to experience these systems. 34. In the cell below, identify both the number and name of the structure in the cell that produces proteins. 35. State one reason why a human heart muscle cell would probably contain a higher proportion of mitochondria than a skin cell. 36. The diagram below represents an organelle. Identify the process that occurs in this organelle, and explain the importance of this process to the survival of organisms. 37. Draw an arrow to indicate, one part of the plant cell below that would not be found in an animal cell. The tip of the arrow must touch the part being identified. Page 7  Review - Cells 38. Base your answer to question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. In a cell, a variety of structures perform specific functions and interact to maintain homeostasis. The diagram below represents a typical cell with three cell structures labeled 1, 2, and 3. Select one cell structure labeled in the diagram and write its number in the space below. Explain how the cell structure you selected helps maintain homeostasis in a cell. In your answer, be sure to: identify the cell structure you selected state one function of this cell structure identify one substance that is often associated with the cell structure you selected and state how that substance is associated with the cell structure identify one other cell structure and explain how it interacts with the cell structure you selected to maintain homeostasis in the cell 39. The diagram below represents a cell found in some complex organisms. The enlarged section represents an organelle, labeled X, found in the cell. Describe the function of organelle X and explain how it is important to the survival of the cell. In your answer, be sure to: Identify organelle X State the process that this organelle performs Identify the two raw materials that are needed for this process to occur Identify one molecule produced by this organelle and explain why it is important to the organism Page 8  Review - Cells 40. Write the structures listed below in order from least complex to most complex. organ cell organism organelle tissue 41. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below of two cells, X and Y, and on your knowledge of biology. Identify one process that is carried out in cell Y that is not carried out in cell X. 42. The diagram below represents a cell viewed using a compound light microscope. Select one of the lettered parts from the diagram. Record the letter of the part chosen in the space provided on your answer paper and, using one or more complete sentences, state the function of the part. Page 9