T2M4 - WCAG 2.1 Compliant (Cellular and Molecular Biology) PDF

1 BIOLOGY 1A03 Cellular and Molecular Biology Theme 2: From Gene to Protein Module 4: The Complex Proteome  2 Learning objectives Identify how protein diversity relates...

1 BIOLOGY 1A03 Cellular and Molecular Biology Theme 2: From Gene to Protein Module 4: The Complex Proteome  2 Learning objectives Identify how protein diversity relates to the fact that one gene can code for many proteins Examine how protein activity can be controlled based on post-translational modifications and relative location Describe the importance of alternate protein forms Understand how interacting proteins can lead to complex and regulated cellular responses  3 Unit 1 From Genome to Proteome  4 4 Genomic to proteomic complexity  5 Reading, interpreting and processing a message  6 Unit 2 Detecting a Signal  7 Cells detect changes in the environment  8 Glucose is absorbed in the small intestine  9 Absorbed glucose is transported to target regions Intestinal cells Glucose Pancreatic cell Released insulin targets other cells of the body  10 Quiz One  11 Unit 3 The Release of Functional Proteins  12 Protein production in the ER Rough endoplasmic reticulum of pancreas cells Nucleus  13 Insulin processing Translated polypeptide coded in the insulin gene is 110 amino acids long. The functional insulin protein is made up of 2 chains: α-chain is 21 amino acids β-chaIn is 30 amino acids  14 Post-translational modifications of insulin  15 Post-translational modifications of insulin  16 Other types of post-translational modifications  17 Quiz Two  18 Unit 4 Different Protein Forms are Important  19 Insulin binds to receptors on target tissues  20 Insulin induces the uptake of glucose Glucose Glucose Transport Protein  21 Intracellular signals are amplified  22 Unit 5 mRNA Processing Through Alternative Splicing  23 Regional distribution of alternate receptors  24 From one blueprint to multiple mRNA sequences  25 Alternative splicing  26 Alternate receptors have different affinities to insulin  27 A signal will be terminated  28 Protein structure plays a key role in protein function Glucose X X X Glucose Transport Protein  29 Quiz Three  30 Conclusions The complexity of the human proteome is due to the fact that one gene can code for more than one protein The ability of a gene to code for more than one protein is brought about by alternative splicing and post-translational modifications Proteins are important in regulating the cellular responses that underlie complex systemic regulation