Sustainable Tourism (TPC 06) Preliminary Exam - Tagum City College of Science and Technology PDF

TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Introduction FOUNDATION INC. Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, Tagum City Sustainable Tourism refers to sustainable practices in and by the tourism industry. It...

TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Introduction FOUNDATION INC. Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, Tagum City Sustainable Tourism refers to sustainable practices in and by the tourism industry. It SEC. Reg. No. 200630691 / Tel. No. 216-6824 is an aspiration to acknowledge all impacts of tourism, both positive and negative. It E-mail Address: [email protected] aims to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive ones. Negative impacts to a destination include economic leakage, damage to the natural environment and overcrowding to name a few. Positive impacts to a destination include job creation, cultural heritage preservation College Module and interpretation, wildlife preservation landscape restoration, and more. TPC 06 (Sustainable Tourism) Sustainable tourism is defined by the UN Environment Program and UN World Module 1 Tourism Organization as “tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities.” Year Level: 3rd Year BSTM Additionally, they say that sustainable tourism “refers to the environmental, economic, Semester: 2ND First Term and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability” (UNEP & UNWTO, 2005 COURSE CONTENT The Concept of the Sustainable (1st and 2nd week) In this module you will learn about: 1. The Concept of Sustainable Tourism 2. Definition, Dimension, and Determinants of Tourism Impacts 3. Tourism Impacts on the Environment 4. Tourism Impacts on the Economy 5. Tourism Impacts on Culture and Society: OBJECTIVES Krystal Gayle C. Pagod At the end of the module, you should be able to: Instructor Enumerate the goals of sustainable tourism; [email protected] Discuss the concepts and principles of sustainable tourism; Point out important milestones in the history of sustainable tourism explain why sustainable tourism has become institutionalized; Recognize the goals for sustainable tourism in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals; Discuss the evolution of tourism development paradigm in the Philippines; Understand the need to make the tourism industry sustainable; and Page 1 of 12  Explain several trends contributing to the growth of sustainable tourism. its effects at community level, can be linked to national poverty reduction goals, those related to fostering entrepreneurship and small businesses, and empowering less-favored groups, especially young people and women. GOAL No. 2 - Zero Hunger THE GOAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM By promoting the cultivation, use, and selling of local produce in tourist destinations and its complete incorporation into the tourism value chain, The world is transforming and as well as our notions of sustainability, sustainable tourism can boost agricultural productivity Furthermore, agro-tourism, a development, and sustainable tourism. growing segment of tourism, will supplement conventional farming activities. The resulting increase in income in local communities will Sustainability plays a vital role in society by improving long-term quality of life, contribute to more sustainable agriculture and at the same time promoting including future generations, seeking harmony between economic growth, social the value of tourism experience. development, and protecting the environment. (Escoto, et al. 2019). GOAL No. 3 - Good Health and Well-Being Sustainable tourism aims to achieve the following goals: The endowment of travel and tourism to economic development and growth 1. Economic prosperity; development may also have a knock-on impact on health and well-being. 2. Social Equity; and International earnings and tax revenue from tourism can be reinvested in health care and education to target, among others, enhancing maternal 3. Environmental conservation. health, reducing infant mortality, and disease prevention. Accordingly, to World Tourism Organization sustainable tourism development GOAL No. 4 - Quality Education guidelines and balanced and sustainable economic development, sustainable A well-trained and skillful workforce is key to the growth of tourism. The consumption and production (SCP) and the sustainable use of oceans and marine sector can provide incentives to invest in education and vocational training resources. and assist labor mobility through cross-border skills, qualifications, and certification agreements. Young people, women, the elderly, indigenous Sustainable tourism is firmly set on the Agenda 2030. However, achieving the agenda peoples, and those with special needs should benefit from educational requires a consistent framework for implementation, enough support and investment means, where tourism can foster inclusiveness, the ideals of a multicultural in technology, infrastructure and human capital. society, harmony and non-violence, and other facets of global trade and citizenship. GOAL No. 5 - Gender Equality Tourism can empower women in many ways, in particular through job creation and income-generating opportunities in small and large-sc ale GOAL No. 1 - No Poverty enterprises related to tourism and hospitality. As one of the sectors with As one of the leading and fastest-growing economic sectors, tourism has most proportion of working women and entrepreneurs, tourism can be a been well-positioned to promote economic development at all levels and catalyst for women to unlock their potential, allowing them to become create revenue by creating jobs. Sustainable development of tourism, and completely active and lead in every field. Page 2 of 12  of inequalities. Tourism may contribute to urban regeneration and rural GOAL No. 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation growth and minimize regional imbalances by creating opportunities for communities to flourish in their home. Tourism is also an important tool for Tourism can play a crucial role in achieving access to water and safety, as the inclusion of developed countries in the global economy. well as hygiene and sanitation for all. Effective use of water in the tourism industry, combined with sufficient protection, waste water management, GOAL No. 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities pollution prevention, and innovation in technology can be vital to safeguarding our most important resources. A town that is not good to its people is not good for visitors. Sustainable GOAL No. 7 - Affordable And Clean Energy tourism can advance urban development and universal accessibility, As an industry requiring considerable energy production, tourism can encourage declining area regeneration and conserve cultural and natural accelerate the change toward renewable energy and increase its share of resources, assets that rely on tourism. Greater investment in green global energy production. Thus, by encouraging sound and long-term infrastructure (more efficient transportation facilities, reduced air pollution, investments in renewable energy sources, tourism will help minimize protection of heritage sites and open spaces, etc.) can result in smarter and greenhouse gas emissions, combat climate change and contribute to greener cities which can help not only residents but also visitors. innovative and creative energy solutions in the urban, regional and remote areas. GOAL No. 12 Responsible Consumption and Production GOAL No. 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Tourism is one of the mainstays of global economic development and A tourism sector that adopts sustainable practices in consumption and generates 1 in 11 jobs worldwide at present. Society – especially young development (SCP) will play an important role in accelerating the global people and women – will benefit from increased skills and professional shift to sustainability. The 10- year System of Programs on Sustainable development by giving access to decent employment opportunities in the Consumption and Development Patterns (10YFP) Sustainable Tourism tourism sector. The contribution of the sector to job development is Program (STP) aims to improve some SCP activities, including resource- recognized in Aim 8.9 "By 2030, designing and implementing sustainable efficient measures that result in enhanced economic, social and tourism policies that create jobs and promote local culture and products." environmental outcomes. GOAL No. 13 - Climate Action GOAL No. 9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Development of tourism is dependent on good public and private Tourism leads to climate change and is greatly affected by it. Therefore, it infrastructure, and a creative climate. The industry may also enable is in the interest of the sector itself to play a leading role in the global national governments to develop their infrastructure and develop their response to climate change. Tourism can help gear one of our time's most industries, making them more competitive, resource-efficient and safe as a pressing challenges by lowering energy consumption and moving to way of attracting visitors and other foreign investment sources. Further Renewable energy sources, especially in the transport and housing sustainable industrialization, required for economic growth, sustainability sector. and innovation, should be encouraged. GOAL No. 10 - Reduced Inequalities GOAL No. 14 - Life Below Water If it includes local communities and all key stakeholders in its growth, Coastal and maritime tourism, the largest segments of tourism, particularly tourism can be a powerful tool for community development and reduction for the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), rely on healthy marine Page 3 of 12 ecosystems. The creation of tourism must be part of Integrated Coastal 1. Enhances the well-being of the communities in which tourism takes Zone Management to help protect and sustain fragile marine habitats and place; to serve as a tool for the promotion of a blue economy according to Target 2. Supports the protection and enhancement of the natural and cultural 14.7: "Increase the economic benefits of sustainable use of marine resources of the destination; resources for SIDS and LDCs by 2030 including sustainable management 3. Recognizes the importance of product quality (physical of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism. products, hospitality, and services) and tourist satisfaction as key factors for the economic success of tourism; and GOAL No. 15 - Life On Land 4. Adopts adequate management and monitoring measures. Majestic scenery, lush forests, plentiful biodiversity and natural heritage sites are also the main reasons visitors visit an attraction. Sustainable tourism can play a significant role, not only in the protection and restoration of biodiversity but also in the respect of terrestrial ecosystems due to its efforts to minimize waste and use, conserve native flora and fauna and its RESPECT CURRENT LEGISLATION awareness-raising activities. Tourism shall obey, at all times, the laws in place of the country and the GOAL No. 16 - Peace And Justice international agreements where the country is a member state. As tourism varies around billions of experiences between people of diverse cultural backgrounds, the sector will promote tolerance and understanding Guarantee local people's rights. of multicultural and interfaith cultures, laying the foundation for more peaceful societies. Sustainable tourism, which benefits and includes local Tourism shall pursue and encourage structures and acts of social and communities, can also provide a source of livelihood, reinforce cultural environmental accountability and economic equality, including the identities and promote entrepreneurial activities, thus helping to avoid protection of human rights, responsible land use, energy, materials and violence and conflict in post- conflict societies to take root and sustain the services use, the preservation or enhancement of the dignity of the workers peace. and the well-being of the communities concerned. GOAL No. 17 - Partnerships For the Goals Conserve the ecosystem and the biodiversity therein. Tourism shall follow practices with minimal impact on the natural Because of its cross-sectoral, nature tourism has the potential to improve environment at all stages of implementation and activity, monitoring and private/public collaborations and involve multiple stakeholders – effectively mitigating any impact and thus contributing to preserving the international, national, regional, and local – to achieve the SDGs and other natural dynamics and processes of its physical, biological, and landscape shared objectives. Public / public collaboration and public / private aspects, considering current social and environmental factors and collaborations are both an essential and core basis for the growth of economic context. tourism, as is increased understanding of the role of tourism in delivering on the post-2015 development agenda. Consider the heritage of culture, and local traditions. Tourism shall appreciate and acknowledge the historical-cultural heritage B. Principles of Sustainable Tourism of the regions visited and shall be prepared, introduced and managed in accordance with the cultural values and traditions and shall work towards According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural their development. Organization (n.d.) the principles of sustainable tourism are the following: Stimulate tourist destinations’ social and economic growth. Page 4 of 12 Tourism would contribute to improving the local economy, rising skill levels, Do the attractions have social and cultural value? growing employment, work and income generation, and fostering local An attraction should have its social and cultural value because we draw our potential for tourism business growth. history and identity from there. Tourism attractions with social and cultural value also tends to attract high-yield tourists. Travelers usually enjoyed Guaranteeproduct consistency, procedures and attitudes. their trips and are more memorable to them than their conventional holiday Tourism shall assess tourist satisfaction and verify the adoption of proven, trips since they learned a lot from the history and culture of the site. registered, advertised, and recognized hygiene standards, safety, information, environmental education and service. Is it accessible? An attraction or site has to be accessible using sorts Establish responsible management and planning; of private or public transportation for people who travel from one place to Tourism shall create ethical business practices aimed at embracing the another. Accessibility involves the presence of whether an airplane, ship, social, economic and environmental accountability of all those engaged in train, van, jeepneys, buses, boat, tricycle and motorcycle (habal-habal) that the operation, the engagement of their employees, suppliers and visitors will not consume so much of the traveler’s time. Preferably, such with regard to sustainability, project growth, priorities, policies, objectives, transportation should be available on scheduled basis instead of having to plans and processes of management. negotiate for special rates every time. Infrastructures such as roads, bridges and ports must also be present to allow movements to and from C. Requisites of Sustainable Tourism the site. Sustainability simply means being able to continue for an indefinite period Is there political support? of time. Many tourism projects suffer from the ―ningas cogon‖ syndrome Another consideration is political support. Without the backing of local wherein they tend to experience a rapid boom and bust cycle. They government, a tourism project and development may not be able to take become hot destinations for a few years, then decline rapidly for lack of off. The presence of national and local government support is integral for maintenance, funding or demand from the target market. To increase the the proper planning, implementation, monitoring and further tourism chances of success of tourism sites, a few questions need to be addressed development. They are the ones to provide the necessary funding, first (DOT et.al. 2014) protection, policies and laws, human capital and other support mechanisms to ensure that tourism is yielding meaningful returns for the community as Is the area safe? an economic activity. Safety and security are of uppermost important to potential visitors against man-made and natural hazards (e.g. crime, insurgency, war, terrorism, Is the community supportive of the project? diseases and epidemics, earthquakes, landslides, erosion, storm surge, The community should also be supportive and should have the opportunity flooding and tsunami.) of employment, establish partnerships and collaboration to existing groups and organizations encourage this, the stakeholders especially the locals Are the attractions unique? must be involved in planning the development of the area or site that they Attraction should offer outstanding and unique appeal to draw tourists to may be of help in providing data and information which only the local the area. An attraction’s indicator of its importance and uniqueness is the residents are familiar with and as they experience first-hand its recognition from UNESCO World Heritage site as it plays a vital role in the sociocultural impacts. Their support and high involvement is pivotal in the country’s history. Here in Philippines, we have our baroque churches all execution of plans and projects. over the country, the Tubbataha Reefs and the Palawan’s beaches and underground river that recently reclaimed its rightful place in the World’s Are there sources of funds for the project? Best Award. Page 5 of 12  Funding is the fuel that powers a project development. Funds can be 5. Site is unique, has socio-cultural value and potential for acquired through the support from the local governments, government expansion and growth. agencies, NGOs and others who have interest in supporting the project development. If funding is fully available at the beginning planning process, then this project development will be processed. D. History of Sustainable Tourism Are there available utilities and infrastructure? Tourism is a complex field that encompasses hotels, airlines, attractions, Availability of utilities such as safe water, electricity and infrastructure such and natural areas, among other sectors. Because of its size, the tourism as roads and bridges should also be assessed. Moreover, tourists industry has environmental impacts. With good planning and policies, nowadays seek and prefer places with strong internet connection, these impacts can be mitigated. To develop the skills to make tourism convenience stores and Automated Teller Machine. sustainable, you need to understand the relatively short history of sustainable tourism and the terms used by travel professionals so you have Are there onsite facilities? an understanding of problem solving. Here is the timetable of sustainable Depending on the type of attraction and market segment it caters to, the tourism. availability of onsite facilities and amenities such as accommodations, clean restrooms, parking spaces, sports and leisure areas, dining halls, 1950 UN World Tourism bar, restaurants and food service, ensure that the tourists needs are met Organization statistics begin paving the way for a more memorable time and experience. (25 million international tourists recorded). Is the area open for tourism development? The area for which tourism activities will be performed must be open that is not subject to stringent local and national government restrictions. Except for attractions in danger of extinction that should be protected at all cost, too much protectionism makes it difficult for operators to freely conduct their business thereby affecting the overall enjoyment and satisfaction of 1970 Sept. 27 visitors. declared as World Tourism Day. Is the quality of the area conducive for tourism development? Upon proper evaluation, the overall profile of the micro and macro environment where tourism development shall be implemented must 1976 World Tourism Organization favorable such that: becomes an executing 1. Tourism resources (e.g. human and financial) agency of the United Nations are available. Development Program. 2. Cooperation is present between governments, locals and other institutions. 3. Operational requirements (e.g. infrastructure, utilities, facilities and amenities) standards can be met/satisfied. 4. Peace and order and other safety mechanisms are in place to ensure visitor’s safety. Page 6 of 12  1980 International Union 1992 Earth Summit in Rio for Conservation of de Janeiro led to release Nature of issues World Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Conservation Strategy Environment and Development; sustainable development goal was agreed to by world nations. 1983 Héctor Ceballos- Lascuráin popularizes the term ecotourism. 1987 Brundtland Report, Our Common Future, issued by World 1994 World Travel and Tourism Commission on Environment Council launches voluntary Green Globe certification program. and Development, defines sustainable development. 2000 United Nation initiative results in establishment of Millennium Development Goals 1990 The International Ecotourism Societyis founded Page 7 of 12 2002 International Year of 2007 Coalition of 27 organizations come Ecotourism is declared. 2003 UNWTO together under UN becomes the United Nation’s umbrella to specialized develop Global Sustainable Tourism agency for tourism. Council Criteria. Davos Declaration on sustainable tourism actions to combat climate change comes from second International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism. 2003 First International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism held in Djerba, Tunisia. Page 8 of 12 2011 United Nations releases Towards DEFINITION, DIMENSION AND a Green Economy: Pathways to DETERMINANTS OF TOURISM Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication (known as A. Definition Of Tourism Impacts the Green Economy Report). Hall and Lew (2009, 54) defined impact as ―a change in a given state over time as the result of an external stimulus. ‖ For our purposes, external stimulus is referred to as tourism. Tourism impact may be defined as effect brought about directly and indirectly by tourism policies, tourism- related establishments and infrastructure, and tourist behavior. Dictionaries define impact as: Influence Effect Outcome Result Consequence 2012 GSTC Aftermath launches sustainable tourism criteria for Upshot destinations. Sustainable tourism is created and managed in a manner that meets the current needs of travelers and host communities, without sacrificing future generations' requirements involving: Mitigate the negative effects of travel on the climate and on culture; Optimizing the effect on host populations; Offering a positive traveler experience with educational opportunities or Table 1.1 Timeline of Sustainable Tourism opportunities for interacting with locals; and The role of local communities in tourism planning. B. Dimensions of Tourism Impacts Tourism impacts maybe categorized in terms of their scope, the direction of change and types of impact, and the scale, distribution, and duration of the effects. The scope of tourism impact may be: Economic Environmental Social Cultural Political Economic – e.g. inflation, opportunity costs and over-dependence on tourism Page 9 of 12 Inflation is linked to the rising prices of property, homes, and even food that can Inconvenience – getting flooded with tourism industry, the city is beginning to shift emerge due to tourism. Fees for such commodities can rise when tourists place its attitude towards tourism. Decision-makers are expanding infrastructure further, additional demands on local services at a tourist destination. Opportunity costs rather than restricting growth; apply to tourism costs rather than another type of economic operation. In a coastal Antagonism – Locals are displaying their tourist and visitor's frustration. region, for example, with a mostly rural hinterland, this may be the cost of investing in Planning can be the solution, but to improve the declining image and credibility of the tourism rather than in agriculture, market gardening or fishing. Over-dependence town, an increased advertising effort is contract. on tourism, for instance, can result in low states where government views tourism as Cultural the best method of growth. According to Mason 2007, tourism can revitalize a community's cultural life, as art Environmental and traditions are an attraction for foreign visitors. The interaction between There positive and negative environmental effects caused by tourism. The following cultures, lifestyles, values and practices has also been correlated with tourism. may conventionally be viewed as beneficial impacts: Tourism is considered an environment through which hosts and visitors, through Tourism can stimulate environmental and/or conservation initiatives of direct contact, can learn more from one another. Tourism will certainly have an countryside and/or wildlife; influence on the handicrafts, language, customs, gastronomy, art and music of the Tourism can help to promote the development of national parks and / locals, area history / including visual reminders, styles of resident jobs, architecture , or Fauna Reserves; religion (including obvious manifestations), education systems, dress and recreation activities. Tourism will help to conserve the buildings / monuments (this includes World Political Heritage Sites, for example, at UNESCO); Political factors have always had a great impact on the demand for travel and as a Tourism can provide the money through, for example, admission fees, that general observation, tourism is a fairly fragile industry, vulnerable to all different kinds maintain historic buildings, wildlife and heritage sites. of internal and external impacts, including political issues. Every government plans Conventionally, the following have been regarded as negative environmental and decisions merely affect the tourism industry. It can either increase or decrease impacts: a country's attractiveness for tourism, depending on what the government’s changes tourists are likely to drop litter; and plans. tourism can contribute to congestion in terms of overcrowding of people as well as traffic congestion; Determinants Of Tourism Impacts tourism can contribute to the pollution of water courses and beaches; Several factors that determine the direction, scale, duration and distribution of tourism may result in footpath erosion; tourism impacts could be deduced. Some of these are the level of economic tourism can lead to the creation of unsightly human structures such as development of the destination; the strength of linkages between the tourism industry buildings (e.g. hotels) that do not fit in with vernacular architecture; and other economic sectors; capacity of the stakeholders, tourism policy, tourism laws, tourism may lead to damage and/or disturbance to wildlife habitats. tourism development criteria, and weighs; proximity to the tourism core; location of Social development; technology and design; physical and social carrying capacities; volume Long-term residents, or those who are indigenous people, tend to be more mindful of of tourism and residents-tourist’s ratio; and tourist market served. tourism's social impacts and view immigration as a challenge to their culture. The STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY attitude of the native people towards tourism goes through four phases, as described The further developed the tourism market, the more economically the destination by Doxley (quoted by Fennel 2007:47-48): would benefit from tourism. The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) of Euphoria – the group invites visitors, without any supervision or planning; the World Economic Forum is a measure of the level of tourism development in a Apathy – tourists are regarded by the culture, and tourists – the relationship with the country. The TTCI is based on four broad sub-indices, with a total of 14 pillar locals becomes formal and commercial; components. One assumption is that countries which score highly on the TTCI are also likely to attract more tourists and thus gain economic benefits. Page 10 of 12 A similar framework for assessing a place’s potential for tourism is the ―As‖ the overall growth plan and outlines the tourism development objects and key framework suggested by Cruz (2009). strategies to achieve them. Access Accommodation TOURISM VOLUME, DENSITY, OR RATIO Activities Density of tourism refers to the number of visitors at a given time in relation to Attractions the destination location. Amenities Tourism ratio refers to the volume of tourists in relation to the local population. Atmosphere Attitude TOURIST MARKETS SERVED Administration The tourist markets served determine the kind of impacts that are exerted on the host destination as well as those experience by the tourists themselves. Assistance Institutionalized Tourists Awareness Organized mass tourist Economic Strength and Linkages Individual mass tourist Tourism ‘s net economic effect depends on the proportion of revenue held in local Non-institutionalized Tourists economy. Leakage-arises when we import goods or pay for administrative advice from Explorers expatriates. How are we reducing yields? Buy management resources and local Drifters goods. Tourist Markets Served Stakeholder’s Power and Capacity The Canadian Tourism Commission categorizes people by their explorer quotient One of the main problems in tourism growth is the degree to which the stakeholders (EQ). We can surmise that institutionalized tourist exert more cultural influence on the share the benefits and opportunities. residents of a destination mainly through demonstration effect. Demonstration effect Social representation-relates to how people construct tourism awareness and is how the behavior of people is influenced by observing, and imitating the actions of its impacts. tourists. The theory of social representations – notes that "where there is insufficient Technology knowledge of tourism, a group of destinations must either create its own social With the introduction of the latest generation of aircraft, noise and greenhouse representation of tourism or adopt an established one." gas emissions from aircraft, which is the mode of long-haul travel, have been reduced Environmental discrimination – is the outcome and mechanism by which considerably. Installing wastewater treatment plant will minimize water pollution. environmental policies produce intended or unintended effects, particularly Tourist resorts may have solar panels installed to reduce their dependency on those that have unequal impacts on individuals, populations or societies, commercial electricity. ethnic or racial populations, women and lower- income groups; Tourism Carrying Capacity Environmental discrimination – is the outcome and mechanism by which The amount of human activity that an area can tolerate without degrading the environmental policies produce intended or unintended effects, particularly environment, adversely affecting the local community, or decreasing the quality of those that have unequal impacts on individuals, populations or societies, visitor experience. (Hawkins & Middleton 1998). The largest number of people who ethnic or racial populations, women and lower- income groups; can visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing the physical, economic , socio- cultural environment to be ruined, and an undesirable reduction in the Tourism Policy level of visitor satisfaction. (WTO) Tourism policy as expressed in actions of the government, presidential decrees or municipal legislation. It describes the country's prioritization of tourism in relation to Page 11 of 12 REFLECTION/LEARNING INSIGHTS The concept of sustainability is prominent in the news; every day there is a story that touches on the issues of climate change, loss of traditions, increased pollution, or habitat destruction, among others. As one of the largest industries in the world, tourism cannot stand apart from efforts to incorporate sustainable principles into all facets of development and operation. As consumers of travel products and services, tourists must participate in the change. Some travelers actively seek companies demonstrating good sustainable practices; others may assume sustainability is the responsibility of business. As a future employee in this field, you need the skills to lead and manage sustainability initiatives in your organization. In your opinion, what barriers prevent organizations from using sustainable tourism practices? What barriers exist for travelers wanting to reduce their impact while on the road? Discuss your answer in the class. ACTIVITY Video Case Study Visit the web resource and watch the One Shot Adventure’s review on the rehabilitation of Boracay, Philippines and answer the following questions: Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SHl2B6Nhn0 1. What is the main reason of the Boracay island closure? 2. What are the environmental issues have been hounding Boracay? 3. What do you think are the negative and positive impacts of Boracay’s rehabilitation in terms of Economic, Environmental, Social, Cultural and Political? Page 12 of 12