Arabic Biology Notes PDF

SUSTAINI NG BIODIVER  APPROACH Adaptations definition Types of adaptation Why animals are adapting with their environment Examples of Adaptations in Animals What are of premature extinction What are of reason premature extinction  Adapatati...

SUSTAINI NG BIODIVER  APPROACH Adaptations definition Types of adaptation Why animals are adapting with their environment Examples of Adaptations in Animals What are of premature extinction What are of reason premature extinction  Adapatation Adaptation in Animals: Adaptations are special features in animals that help them survive. Why animals are adapting with their environment Animals adapt themselves in the following ways: oFor food habit oFor protecting themselves oTo survive extreme heat and cold  The types of adaptati on structural (anatomical) adaptation functional adaptation behavioral adaptation.  The types of adaptation Functional adaptation is an Behavioral adaptation is an adaptation The structural (anatomical) adaptation of some organs, and in the activity of some animals at adaptation is an adaptation that tissues to do a specific function. different times of the day night. The studies the structure of one body Secreting of sweat in humans in birds’ migration at certain times of the organ. The horse hoof structure year and the activity of the birds during case of high temperature and and the camel pad structure are the daylight and the bats at night are secreting of poison in snakes are.examples of structural adaptation.examples of behavioral adaptation.examples of functional adaptation  Examples of Adaptations in animals. Adaptations in Camel A camel has long eyelashes to keep sand out of its eyes. They have nostrils that are close to keep sand out. They have a hump to store water. They have a thick coat of hair for protection from the sun.  Example of adaption Adaptations in a Giraffe The giraffe’s patterned Giraffes have a long spots and light tan to neck that helps them dark brown coloring reach their favorite help camouflage the.food animal in the.grassland environment  Example of adaption Adaptations in Cats A cat’s eyes are adapted for night-time hunting. Cats also have retractable claws for climbing, hunting, and defending themselves.  Example of adaption Adaptation in Polar Bear Polar bears have webbed feet for swimming and walking on.snow.They have a thick layer of fat for warmth Throughout the winter, the bears hunt for seals on floating sea ice and In the summer and fall, the animals fast and live off their body fat for several months until hunting ‫ تصوم‬.resumes when the ice expands again each winter ‫الحيوانات وتعيش على دهون أجسامها لعدة أشهر حتى يستأنف الصيد‬ ‫عندما يتوسع الجليد مرة أخرى كل شتاء‬  What are of premature extinction When a species can no longer be found anywhere on the earth it has suffered biological extinction. Biological extinction is forever and represents an irreversible loss of natural capital. What are reasons of premature extinction of one-fourth to one-half of the world's plant and animal species Scientists project that during this century human activities, especially those that cause habitat loss and contribute to projected climate change, will lead to the premature extinction of one-fourth to one- half of the world's plant and animal species-at an incredibly rapid rate of.extinction  What are reason of extinction human activities. the habitat loss projected climate change  Biodiversity researchers summarize the most important causes of premature extinction using the acronym HIPPCO: Population Habitat and resource use growth destruction, Invasive (too many Overexploitat Climate degradation, Pollution; (nonnative people ion change and fragmentation ) species consuming too many resources)  followed by the Deforestation in tropical destruction and areas is the greatest degradation of coral eliminator of species, reefs destruction of and pollution of wetlands, plowing streams, lakes, of grasslands, and oceans. the biggest cause of premature animal and plant extinctions deliberate or accidental introduction of harmful invasive species into ecosystems.  beneficial to us. According to a study by ecologist David Pimentel. introduced species such as corn, The wheat, rice and other food crops, and cattle, poultry, and other benef livestock provide more than 98% of the U.S. food supply. it of Similarly, nonnative tree species are grown in about 85% of the introd world's tree plantations. Some deliberately introduced uced species have also helped to control speci pests. es  The problem is that some introduced species have no natural predators, competitors, parasites, or The pathogens to help control problem their numbers in their new of some habitats. Such nonnative introduc species can thus crowd out ed populations of many native species species, trigger ecological disruptions, cause human health problems, and lead to economic losses. The Kudzu Vine An example of a deliberately introduced plant species is the kudzu vine, which grows rampant in the southeastern United States. Habitat In the 1930s, this vine was imported from Japan and planted in the south eastern United States· in an attempt to control soil erosion. Benefits and harmful The problem/ Kudzu does control erosion. But it is so prolific and difficult to kill that it engulfs hillsides, gardens, trees, abandoned houses and cars, stream banks, patches of forest, and anything else in its path Some deliberately introduced species are plants such as kudzu. These deliberately introduced species compete for food with endangered animals, root up farm fields, and cause traffic accidents. Game and wildlife officials have failed to control their numbers through hunting and trapping, and they say there is no way to stop them. EXAMPLE OF EXTINCTION THE END