Cogno III Subterranean Questions PDF 2018

# Cogno III Subterranean Questions ## Course 2018 **Dr. Ahmed Abu Talib** ## Subterranean Questions **Q1: Put (T) for the true and (F) for the false statement:** 1. Subterranean organs classified into subterranean roots only. (F) 2. The middle area of subterranean stem consists of xylem. (F) 3....

# Cogno III Subterranean Questions ## Course 2018 **Dr. Ahmed Abu Talib** ## Subterranean Questions **Q1: Put (T) for the true and (F) for the false statement:** 1. Subterranean organs classified into subterranean roots only. (F) 2. The middle area of subterranean stem consists of xylem. (F) 3. The middle area of subterranean root consists of pith. (T) 4. Subterranean stems differ from subterranean roots by presence of nodes and internodes. (T) 5. Colocasia and colchicum are types of stem tubers. (T) 6. Stem tuber of potato is full of food material. (T) 7. In tunicated bulb, the outer scales leaves enheath the inner ones e.g. Garlic. (T) 8. The roots are consist of 3 main zones. (T) 9. Vascular bundle in monocot is closed and scattered. (T) 10. The tegumentary tissue may be cork or periderm. (T) 11. When vascular cambium activate and die, 2 xylem outside and 2 phloem inside. (F) 12. When cork cambium activate and divide, to give cork cells outside and 2 xylem and 2 phloem inside. (F) 13. When cork cambium activate and divide, to give cork cells outside and cortex inside. (T) 14. Star spots is an abnormal structure in rhubarb root. (T) 15. Stellate cambium is characteristic for aconite. (T) 16. Aconite root contain pith in its structure. (F) 17. Keel is characteristic for ipecac. (F) 18. Wedged phloem is characteristic for senega. (T) 19. 3ry cambium is characteristic for jalap. (F) 20. Wedged phloem is characteristic for ipecac. (T) 21. Saponin glycosides cause hemolysis of RBCs. (T) 22. Saponin glycosides classified into steroidal and triterpene type. (T) 23. Steroidal saponin present in monocot plants. (F) 24. Saponins used in detergents and cleansing. (T) 25. Stolons are part use for both valeriana and liquorice. (T) 26. Glycyrrhiza contain steroidal saponin. (T) 27. D.G.L are used for hypertensive patient. (T) 28. Liquorice can cause Na and water retention. (T) 29. Liquorice is used to treat herpes simplex and zoster. (T) 30. Flavonoids glycoside cause froth with water. (T) 31. Liquorice contains glycyrrhizin which is resp. for its bitter taste. (T) 32. Liquorice contain crystal sheath as a key element. (T) 33. Liquorice is contraindicated in hypokalemia. (T) 34. The unpeeled liquorice is more preferred than peeled one. (T) 35. Ginseng has adaptogenic effect which restore and normalize the body function. (T) 36. Polysaccharide in ginseng has anti tumor effect, while polyacetylene cpds resp. for immuno stimulant effect. (T) 37. Rb1 and Rg1 are resp. for the adaptogenic effect. (T) 38. Liquorice gives orange red color with while ginseng gives red then violet color. (T) 39. All saponin containing subterranean are contain steroidal saponin. (F) 40. Ginseng is called colic root. (T) 41. Rheumatism root is used as a precursor for sex hormones, contraceptive and corticoids. (T) 42. Dioscorea used in ttt of spasm and rheumatism. (T) 43. Dioscorea belongs to dicot family. (T) 44. We can used dioscorea in ttt of biliary colic and intestinal colic. (T) 45. Dioscorea has economical importance in production of sex hormones. (T) 46. Black cohosh is called also snake root. (T) 47. Black root is belongs to family liliaceae. (T) 48. Black cohosh contain triterpene and isoflavone. (T) 49. Black cohosh used as phytoestrogen. (T) 50. Black cohosh used in treatment of menopausal symptoms. (T) 51. Ginger is subterranean that contain glycosides. (T) 52. Ginger is also called turmeric. (T) 53. Shagoal is converted to gingerol upon drying which is resp. for pungency. (T) 54. The main use for ginger is anti emetic in motion sickness. (T) 55. Ginger is preferred than draminine as anti emetic. (T) 56. Ginger is used as digestive and diffusive stimulant. (T) 57. Ginger is contraindicated in gall stones. (T) 58. Pregnant woman can use ginger with caution not exceed 3 gm. (T) 59. Pungency of gingerol is destroyed by boiling with KOH. (T) 60. Scitaminaceous starch is characteristic for ginger. (T) 61. Ginger contain septate fibers. (T) 62. Turmeric and ginger are belong to the same family. (T) 63. Both ginger and curcuma are used in amenorrhea and as anti inflammatory. (T) 64. Turmeric is chloretic in jaundice and hepatitis. (T) 65. Boric acid is used for determination of curcuma. (T) 66. Curcuma is contraindicated in gall stone. (T) 67. Tumeric mau used with licorice and opium for treatment of liver disorders. (T) 68. Bulb is the part used of garlic. (T) 69. Allin is sulphur containing V.O. (T) 70. Aging of garlic increases the content of its sulfur cpds. (T) 71. A.G.E contains 3% of the allin found in fresh garlic. (T) 72. Garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng are very useful for geriatric patients. (T) 73. Garlic used as anti hyper glycemia but increase blood pressur. (T) 74. Allium sativum used as anti cancer due to its anti oxidant and immuno stimulant effects. (T) 75. Allium sativum is contraindicated with anti coagulants drugs. (T) 76. Valeriana is collected in autumn and not necessary to be dried before use. (T) 77. Valeriana contains epoxy iridoids ester called valepotriate. (T) 78. V.O of valeriana has blood pressure lowering effects. (T) 79. Valeriana is used as anxiolytic and hypnotic as it has CNS stimulant effect. (T) 80. Valeriana used as anti cancer due to its alkaloids content. (T) 81. Rheum rhaponticum can be used for its laxative effect. (T) 82. Rhubarb must be deprived from its outer layers before use. (T) 83. Rhubarb is one of the most drugs containing high amount of clusters of Ca.Oxalate. (T) 84. Rhubarb can be used for treatment of constipation and diarrhea depend on dose used. (T) 85. We can safely use rhubarb during pregnancy and lactation. (T) 86. Powered ginger gives reddish brown fluorescence when exposed to U.V light. (T) 87. Rhaponticin is similar to stilbin which cause hormonal disturbance. (T) 88. Squill must be carefully dried and stored with CaCl2 because it is hygroscopic. (T) 89. Cardiac glycosides in squill are of cardenolides type. (T) 90. Squill used as cardiotonic in treatment of C.H.F. (T) 91. Squill is not cumulative as digitalis. (F) 92. Patients with nephritis can use squill normally. (T) 93. Liberman's test is used to detect steroidal nucleus in squill cardiac glycoside. (T) 94. In ipeca, emetine has more emetic effect than cephaline. (T) 95. In cephalis ipeca, the emetine to cephaline rate is about 1:20. (T) 96. The emetic dose of ipeca can be used for drug overdose and poisoning. (T) 97. Alkaloids is the main a.c of echinaceae. (T) 98. Polysaccaride of echinaceae are used to promote wound healing. (T) 99. Echinaceae is used as immune stimulant in colds, infection of respiratory and urinary tract. (T) 100. Echinaceae have no teratogenic effect during pregnancy. (T) ## How Can U Detect? 1. Curcuma In Powder Ginger. 2. Rhapontic Rhubarb In Rhubarb. 3. Capsicum In Ginger. 4. Bad Stored Squill In Squill. - Pd + Alcohol + C.H2SO4 → Red Col - UV → Blue Fluorescence - Boil Pd With KOH Then Neutralize It Is Still Pungent → So Capsicum Present. - Caked Mass & Hydrolysis Of Ac. (↓% Of Glycosides) Due To Pd Is Hygroscopic → Absorb Water. ## Rationalize & Comments 1. Peeled Liquorice Is Preferred Than Unpeeled While The Case Revered In Ginseng. 2. Peeled Liquorice Is Indicated But In Rheumatoid arthritis Contraindicated In Hypertension 3. Liquorice Could Be Taken By Injection. 4. Rhubarb Is The Big Roots & Rhizomes Of Rheum Species Except Rheum Rhaponticum 5. Rhubarb Pd Is Gritty, Colores: Saliva Yellow, Dusted & Has Marble Appearance. 6. Squill Can't Be Used As Oral Cardiotonic But Used As Oral Expectorant. 7. Red Squill Is More Toxic To Rats. 8. Squill Pd Should Be Kept with A Dehydrating Agent. 9. Industrial Importance Of Dioscorea Root. 10. Lypholizatian Of Valeriana. ## Answer 1. Bec. Liquorice Peeling Remove Bitter Principles Present In Cork So, The Taste Is Sweet Devoid Of Any Bitter Taste But Ginseng Has It's A.C In Outer Tissues So, Peeling Decrease A.C. 2. Liquorice Has 2 Mechanisms - Potentiate The Of Corticosteroid By Inhibition Enz. Which Break Steroidal Hormones & Cortisol So It Decreases The Inflammation & Allergy, Decrease Contact Dermatitis, - Pseudo Aldosterone Activity → Inhibit 5 Beta Reductase Enz Which Inhibit Aldosterone So Na Water Retention →↑B.P 3. Saponin Of Liquorice Only Which Doesn't Cause Haemolysis Of RBCs (C.F Dioscorea). 4. Bec. Rheum Rhaponticum Is An Adulteration → It's Toxic As It Contains Rhaponticin (Crystalline Toxic Glycoside) 5. Its Gritty Bec. Of Ca Oxalate Clusters, Colors The Saliva Yellow Bec. Of Free Authraquinone Dusted To Prevent insert Attack & To Improver Appearance Due To Rock Medullary Region On The Axial Bund of Xylem & Phloem. Has Marble Appearance Due To RockMedallary Region On The Axial Bund of Xylem & Phloem. 6. Not Used As Oral Cardiotonic Due Te Poor Absorption Short Duration Cause Imitation(Raphides) - Used As Expectorant Poor Absorbed, Make Irritation, Reflex Action On Diaphragm & Press Lung To Cause Bronchi Release Mucous 7. Due To Its High Content Of Scilliroside. 8. Bec. It Contains Mucilage (Hygroscopic) Absorb Water & Cause Destruction Of Cardiac Glycosides. 9. Used To Produce Cortisone (Sex Hormones) 10. Bec. V.O. Destroyed By Distillation & Epoxy Irridoids Give Bad Odor ## Define A Crude Drug Could Be Used In Ttt Of Following Cases 1. Insomnia 2. Hypertension 3. Chole-Cystitis 4. Sexual Impotence 5. Peptic & Duodenal Ulcers 6. Amoebic Dysentery 7. Liver Diseases 8. Indigestion 9. Biliary Colic 10. ## Answer 1. Valeriana 2. Garlic 3. Dioscoria 4. Ginseng 5. Liquorice 6. Ipeca 7. Curcuma 8. Ginger 9. Dioscoria ## What Is The Use Of The Following Drugs In Practition 1. Valeriana, Passiflora Hyoscyathus 2. Ginseng, Nigella & Liquorice 3. Curcuma Silybum & Liquorice 4. Ipeca, Senega & Squill 5. Senega, Dioscoria 6. Garlic, Pumpkin & Linseed. ## Answer 1. Insomnia 2. Immune Stimulant 3. Anti-Hepatotoxic 4. Expectorant 5. Dysmenorrhea. 6. Pd Cholesterol ## Give B O., Uses & Test Of A Crude Drug Containing Each Of! Following Constituents 1. Bornyl Isovalerranate. 2. Panaxosides 3. Gingerol 4. Rhein 5. Methyl Salicylate ## Answer 1. Bornyl Iso-Valerianate → Valeriana 2. Panaxosides → Ginseng 3. Gingerol → Ginger 4. Rhein → Rhubarb 5. Methyl Salicylate → Senega ## Complete The Following Statements:- 1. Outer Tissue Covering Aconite 2. Rhubrab Characterized By....................In Pd. Which Give It The..........................Taste While Give Saliva Yellow Col. Due To...................................... 3. Potato Is.......................................Is Corm, While Squill Is................................ 4. Rhubrab Gives Red Col. On Cold With Koh Due To.....................................Found In.......................... 5. Liquorice Pd. Is Ch. By..................................& It Can Be Identified By........................Or....................... ## Answer 1. Metaderm - Cork 2. Large Ca Ox. Cluster - Gritty - Authraquinone Glycoside 3. Stem Tuber - Colchicum - Tunicated Bulb 4. Free Aglycone - M.R 5. Crystal Sheath - Forth Test Or 80% H2504 → Orange Red ## Define Each Of The Following, Give Example 1. Stolon 2. Septate Fiber 3. Metaderm 4. Star Spots 5. Keel 6. Cambium 7. Tunicated Bulb 8. Impricated Bulb 9. Scitaminaceous Starch 10. Root Stock 11. 12. ## Answer 1. **Stolon:** Underground Stem Travel Near Or Below Soil Surface E.G: Liquorice 2. **Septate Fiber:** Non Lignified Fibers With Traverse Septa & Oblique Slit Like Transverse Pith. E.G.: Ginger 3. **Metaderm:** The Outer Layer Of Cortex Which Is Irregularly Arranged & Lignified Or Superized E.G.: Aconite 4. **Star Spots:** Dark Perimedullary Ph. Surrounded By Abnormally Developed Camb. Which Give Ph. To Inside & Xylem To Outside With Radiating sured M.REG.: Rhubarb. 5. **Keel:** Long Ridge Run Spirally & Prominent On The Root Due To Extensive Formation Of 2ry Ph. At One Side E.G. Senga. 6. **3º Cambium:** A Cambium Which Gives Parenchyma On Both Sides Enclosing Few Xylem Vessels E. G : Jalap 7. **Tunicated Bulb:** Scaly Bulb Where The Outer Scales Are Large & Completely En-Sheathing The Inner Portion Of The Bulb E. G: Squill 8. **Impricated Bulb:** Bulb Where The Outer Scales Not Completely En-Sheathing The Inner Ones C G. Garlic 9. **Scitaminacious Starch:** Simple Oval Starch Granule With Terminal Protrusion In Which Eccentric Hilum Situatedy& With Fine Transverse Striations E. G: Ginger. 10. **Root Stocks:** Remains Of Dead Aerial Parts( Stem Base, Buds & Scaly Leaves) Eg Senega. ## With My Best Wishes **Dr.Ahmed Abu Talib**