POLI 201 Study Aid - Fall 2024 Exam (PDF)

POLI 201 - Fall 2024 American National Government Study Aid -- Final Exam **What is the means for resolving conflicts in society?** **How does David Easton define politics?** **How does Harold Lasswell define politics?** **What is the difference between a direct democracy and a representative d...

POLI 201 - Fall 2024 American National Government Study Aid -- Final Exam **What is the means for resolving conflicts in society?** **How does David Easton define politics?** **How does Harold Lasswell define politics?** **What is the difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy?** **The set of ideals, values, and ways of thinking about politics that is shared by almost all citizens is known as what?** **What is the definition of a social contract?** **What is the main theme of Federalist \#9?** **What is the main theme of Federalist \#51?** **What is the significance of the Jamestown settlement for the current system of government in the United States?** **What is the significance of the settlement at Plymouth colony for the current system of government in the United States?** **What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?** **What is the significance of Shay's rebellion?** **What was the effect of the Coercive Acts?** **What were the key elements of the Connecticut Compromise?** **What is the process for amending the Constitution?** **What were the differences between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists?** **What is meant by the term separation of powers?** **What are the different types of powers that the national and state governments have in the U.S. federal system?** **What is the "elastic clause" of the Constitution?** **What is the Supremacy clause of the Constitution?** **What is the commerce clause?** **What is incorporation doctrine?** **What are some of the methods used primarily in Southern states to restrict the voting rights of African-Americans?** **What is the basis for power and legitimacy in American government?** **What was the structure of government under the Articles of Confederation?** **What are the provisions of the First Amendment to the Constitution?** **What is the exclusionary rule?** **Which Supreme Court case established the concept of judicial review?** **What is the significance of the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of *McCulloch v. Maryland?*** **What is a unitary system of government?** **Define these different types of powers: delegated; reserved; inherent; concurrent; prohibited.** **What legal requirement is established in *Gideon v. Wainwright*?** **What are the purposes of the Civil War amendments to the Constitution?** **What did the white primary in southern states allow?** **What are literacy tests?** **What is the significance of the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of *Shelby County v. Holder*?** **What are Jim Crow laws?** **What was the Supreme Court's decision in the case of *Plessy v. Ferguson*?** **What is the definition of public opinion?** **What is political socialization?** **What is generally considered to be the most important socialization agent?** **What is the "rational ignorance" effect?** **Identify the three types of distribution of public opinion.** **What is the impact of public opinion on government actions?** **What is an interest group?** **What are the types of incentives for joining interest groups?** **Identify the nine major types of interest groups.** **What is a lobbyist?** **What are the direct techniques that interest groups use in attempting to influence public policy?** **What are the indirect techniques that interest groups use in attempting to influence public policy?** **What makes an interest group powerful?** **Identify the legislation that has been enacted to regulate lobbyists.** **What is a collective good?** **Describe the free rider problem.** **Define party identification.** **Define a political party.** **What is the difference between an interest group and a political party?** **What are the functions of political parties?** **Identify the six eras of political parties and the characteristics of each.** **Define divided government.** **Describe the major beliefs of the Democratic and Republican parties.** **What is the unit rule and what is its importance?** **Describe the party-in-the electorate, the party-in-government, and the party organization.** **Why has the two-party system endured in the United States?** **What are the three ways in which third parties develop?** **What are the obstacles faced by third party candidates in trying to win elections?** **What role do minor parties play in U.S. politics?** **What is the difference between primary elections and general elections?** **What are the requirements to be eligible to be President? A Senator? A member of the House of Representatives?** **What is frontloading?** **What is Super Tuesday?** **What is the Electoral College? What are its Constitutional foundations?** **What is a faithless elector?** **If no candidate wins a majority of the vote in the Electoral College, how is the Presidential election decided?** **How does voter turnout differ between Presidential and off-year elections?** **What is reapportionment?** **What is redistricting?** **What is gerrymandering?** **What characteristics are associated with higher voter turnout?** **What is negative campaign advertising?** **What is the purpose of the 24th amendment to the Constitution?** **Describe the differences between an office-block ballot and a party column ballot.** **What is the power of incumbency?** **What occurs in straight-ticket voting?** **What is an Australian ballot?** **What is the significance of the election of 1800?** **What are the functions of the media?** **What is yellow journalism?** **What is a spin doctor?** **What is the impact of the media on the outcome of elections?** +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **What is the main theme of Federalist \#10?** | +=======================================================================+ | **What is a major problem for a representative who is playing the | | role of an instructed delegate?** | | | | How does a representative who is performing the role of a trustee | | choose to vote? | | | | **What factors does a President consider when they nominate | | candidates for federal judgeships? W** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **What is a filibuster?** | | | | **What is cloture?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **What are the major differences between the U.S. House and Senate?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The drawing of legislative district boundaries to give one side an | | advantage is known as what? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ What are some examples of iron triangles? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Selection of committee chairpersons in each chamber of Congress is | | most often based on what? | | | | **What are the duties of the Speaker of the House?** | +=======================================================================+ | **What is the purpose of a conference committee?** | | | | **Describe the process of Congressional oversight.** | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | What does it mean that the United States has a dual court | | | | system? | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Describe the different responsibilities Presidents have in | | | | carrying out their various roles. | | | | | | | | What are the Constitutional duties of the vice-president? | | | | | | | | **The process of the selection and promotion of government | | | | employees on the basis of open, competitive examinations is | | | | known as what?** | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | **Which German sociologist described bureaucracies as highly | | | | rational organizations with detailed technical rules based on | | | | logical reasoning?** | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | **When Congress sends a bill to the president, what are the potential | | outcomes?** | | | | **How can Congress override a presidential veto?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Rewarding faithful party activists with government employment and | | contracts is called what? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution establishes procedures for | | filling presidential and vice-presidential vacancies and makes | | provisions for presidential incapacity? | | | | **What types of Congressional committees are relatively permanent | | bodies that possess an expertise resulting from their jurisdiction | | over certain policy areas?** | | | | Which committee in the House of Representative proposes time | | limitations on debate for bills? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | What is a bureaucracy? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Describe the Acquisitive Model of bureaucracy. **What is judicial restraint?** +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **What are the main themes of Federalist \#78?** | | | | **What are the main themes of Federalist \#84?** | +=======================================================================+ | What are some examples of government corporations? | | | | What does it mean that a part of the bureaucracy has been | | \"captured\"? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Which President first implemented the spoils system?** | | | | **What legislation created the civil service system and placed limits | | on the spoils system?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Describe the Monopolistic Model of bureaucracy. | | | | What is a whistleblower? | | | | **What is negotiated rule making?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Which amendment to the Constitution requires the president and the | | vice president to be chosen separately by the Electoral College?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | What is the basis for most American law? | | | | **What is precedent?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **What is an *amicus curiae* brief?** | | | | **What is a *writ of certiorari*?** | | | | **What is a continuing resolution?** | | | | **What is judicial activism?** | | | | **How do Supreme Court Justices gain their position on the Court?** | | | | Describe the different types of opinions issued by Supreme Court | | justices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **What are the functions of the Office of Management and Budget?** | | | | What is a discharge petition? | | | | Describe the process of impeachment. | | | | Describe the concept of executive privilege. | | | | What is the purpose of sunshine laws? | | | | What are sunset provisions? | | | | **What is patronage?** | | | | **What is a strict constructionist?** | | | | **What is a broad constructionist?** | | | | **Describe the different eras of the Supreme Court.** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **What is the significance of the Supreme Court decision in *Baker v. Carr*?** **How do treaties become legally binding?** **How is jurisdiction related to court authority?** **What is the necessary and proper clause?** **The official decision of a government body to accept a particular policy and put it into effect is known as what?** **What occurs during the policy formulation stage of the policy making process?** **What occurs during the policy evaluation stage of the policy making process?** **When a bill is passed in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, it is in what stage of the policy making process?** **The process through which problems become matters of public concern and government action is known as what?** **What is fiscal policy?** **What is monetary policy?** **Why are fiscal policies sometimes difficult to use in regulating the economy?** **How does the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System operate?** **Who has responsibility for controlling U.S. monetary policy?** **When government expenditures exceed receipts, this is known as what?** **What is the Monroe Doctrine?** **Define containment policy.** **What is the intelligence community?** **What did Congress intend when it passed the War Powers Resolution?** **What is diplomacy?** **What is the Cold War? **