Study Guide - Metabolism (Week 4).pdf

Study Guide Metabolism (Week 4) A. Briefly explain the concept of basal metabolic rate (BMR), and name factors which influence it 1. Minimum energy required to exist (at complete rest) 2. Muscle mass...

Study Guide Metabolism (Week 4) A. Briefly explain the concept of basal metabolic rate (BMR), and name factors which influence it 1. Minimum energy required to exist (at complete rest) 2. Muscle mass (a) More muscle mass requires more energy to maintain it 3. Various hormones (a) Growth hormone, testosterone, and thyroxine all increase metabolic rate 4. Fever (increased metabolic rate) 5. Sleep (decreases metabolic rate) 6. Malnutrition (decreases metabolic rate – think of the body being more “efficient”) 7. Sex and age i. Females and older individuals have lower BMR (a) Dependent upon numerous factors, but… (a) Differences in muscle mass and adipose tissue have major influence (b) Sex hormone differences vary by sex and age B. Briefly explain how the body produces heat 1. About one third of energy released by ATP hydrolysis is heat 2. Friction at microscopic levels also produces heat i. Blood flow ii. Friction from movement within musculoskeletal system C. State the range of oral temperatures for a healthy person under resting, exercise, and cold conditions, and how this differs than rectal temperature 1. APPROXIMATE temperatures i. Rest: 97 to 99.5oF ii. Exercise: 101 to 104oF iii. Cold: