Study Guide Ch 13-16 PDF

**Study Guide** Exam 5: Ch 13, 14, 15, 16 **Chapter 13:** - What is the job of cilia in the respiratory tract? - List all the things that the respiratory passageways do to the air that enters. - Why is mucous important in the respiratory tract? - Where are the nasal conchae located...

**Study Guide** Exam 5: Ch 13, 14, 15, 16 **Chapter 13:** - What is the job of cilia in the respiratory tract? - List all the things that the respiratory passageways do to the air that enters. - Why is mucous important in the respiratory tract? - Where are the nasal conchae located and what do they do? - List the three regions of the pharynx. - Give the function of the larynx. - What are the vocal folds? Where are they located and what do they do? - What is the epiglottis? Where is it located and what is its function? - What are the terminal bronchioles and what do they do? - Describe the alveoli and what their function is. - Pulmonary Ventilation: - Describe the pressure and volume changes occurring in the thorax and lungs during the phases of pulmonary ventilation: expiration and inspiration. - Describe the changes in the Diaphragm with expiration and inspiration. - Describe alveolar gas exchange through the respiratory membrane. - Define and discuss the process of internal & external respiration. Where does each occur? - What is the role of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles in inspiration? - What is the role of the medulla and pons in relation to breathing? - Define surfactant. Give its purpose. - What is emphysema? List the symptoms of emphysema. - Be able to identify the structures of the respiratory tract by diagram. Figure 13.1 in text. **Chapter 14:** - Be able to identify the structures of the digestive system as seen in Figure 14.1 of text. - Know and describe the functions of the digestive system. What is the difference between digestion and absorption? - Define Rugae. Where are they found? - What is the maid function of the small intestine? - List the 3 subdivisions of the small intestine. - The liver forms the bile. What organ stores the bile? - What are Peyer's patches? Where are they found? - Describe peristalsis. How does peristalsis help food move through the digestive tract? How does peristalsis differ from segmentation? - Define Mastication. - What is Pepsin and what two things in the stomach are needed to produce it? - Define villi, know the location and function. - Define defecation. What is the name of the reflex that causes it? - What category of nutrients do sugars and starches fall under? - Define metabolism. - Know which type of carbohydrate helps form ATP. - Know the order by which food passes through the alimentary canal. **Chapter 15:** - List the function of the kidneys. - Give the description of where the kidneys are in the body. - Give the function of the renal arteries. - Identify the following regions of a kidney: renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis. - Recognize that the nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. - Know the location of nephrons in the kidney. - Identify the structures of the nephron. Know the order of the renal tubule starting from Bowman's capsule. - Give the function of the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. - Know the composition of filtrate. - Know the composition of urine. - Define the ureter. - Define the trigone of the bladder. - List the differences between the male and female urethra. - Name the two sphincters that control flow of urine from the bladder. Which is under involuntary control? - Define incontinence. - Define micturition. **Chapter 16:** - Where are the seminiferous tubules located and what do they do? - Know where sperm is produced in the testis. - Know where the epididymis is located and give its function. - Know the structures of the penis. - What are the ovaries and what do they do? - What is the fundus of the uterus and where is it located? - List the layers of the uterus. Define myometrium. - What is the mons pubis and where is it located? - Define the areola region of the breast.