Study Guide 1.docx

For Exam 1 – Be familiar with the following information: Chapter 1 and lecture Why we communicate – Human Needs and three Specific Goals (Self-Presentation, Instrumental, and Relationship) Models of communication - Linear and Transaction (be able to draw and explain) Types of noise Communication Com...

For Exam 1 – Be familiar with the following information: Chapter 1 and lecture Why we communicate – Human Needs and three Specific Goals (Self-Presentation, Instrumental, and Relationship) Models of communication - Linear and Transaction (be able to draw and explain) Types of noise Communication Competence (3) Influences on communication Define Interpersonal Communication Principles of Interpersonal Communication (4) Chapter 2 Self and lecture Define self-monitoring: Define self-concept: The list of things that you are aware of - very objective you have no opinion on. ex. I have brown hair, green eyes, thick eyebrows, etc. Define self-esteem: Addition of opinion - emotional judgment or reaction of self-concept, ex. I have brown hair , green eyes , thick eyebrows , etc. Define self-awareness: The ability to be aware of the concept of self. Influence of culture on self-concept: Ex. Green eyes are deemed as beautiful therefore I like my green eyes. Influence of gender on self-concept: Different characteristic stand out depending on gender. Influences of family on self-concept: Ex. All my family is tall therefore I’m cool with being tall. Self-fulfilling prophecy Theory: Reference group: People we pick out to compare ourselves to, ex. Comparing our abilities in sports – am I better than them? Social Comparison Theory: We develop an image of ourselves by comparing ourselves to others. Looking-glass self-Theory: We develop an image of ourselves from the way we think others view us – Charles Cooley 1902. Define self-disclosure: Social Penetration Model: Johari Window: Divided into 4 quadrants, rows = what others know in the relationship and columns = what I know Chapter 3 Perception and lecture Perception process (three steps): 1. Selection, 2. Organization, 3. Interpretation Influences on Interpretation: Schemata: being able to visualize something using experiences you’ve had before (looking for a pattern to match what’s happening) ex. going into a room with a whiteboard and desks might make you think it’s a classroom. Attribution (External and Internal): Internal – explaining their behavior on their personality ex. they are late because they are lazy / External – how someone is expressing their attitude onto others ex. bringing in donuts because they got a raise. Self-serving bias Uncertainty Reduction Theory: Influence of Culture: Ingroup and Outgroup: Influence of Gender: Influence of Personality: Gestalt: What you understand is happening (built on impressions) ex. if you like someone you explain their behavior differently. Positivity Bias (Halo Effect): Negativity Bias (Horn Effect): Algebraic Impressions: Stereotyping: Perception check: Empathy vs. sympathy: 4 positions of the Pillow method (From lecture): - It’s a way of trying to recognize that’s there’s a different way of seeing things though both are true. Why you are right, and the other person is wrong. Why he/she is right, and you are wrong. Why you both are right/why you both are wrong. Is the issue that important Chapter 5 Culture and Identity Define: (Our version of normal) established attitudes values and practices. Culture (dominant and co-culture): Cultures which exist in the dominate culture but has its own set of rules. (identify 2 of my own co-culture) Prejudice Ethnocentrism Influences/Dimensions of Culture Uncertainty Avoidance: High. value on control and tradition / low. Evaluate and not always follow. High/Low Power Distribution: High. respect for authority, rules in authority relationship / Low. Sees each other as equals. Masculinity/Femininity Cultures: Masc. material wealth, success (competitive) / Fem. epithetic, nurturing (supportive) Individualism/Collectivism: Ex. you do you/ex. you have to think about what’s good for everyone you’re not special. High/Low Context: High. assume they are being understood indirect communication - relationships are better than honesty / Low. Assumes they are not understood speaks more directly - honesty is better. Monochronic/Polychronic (lecture): Mono. Time is a fine night resource valued and protected (time = money and respect) / Poly. Time is an endlessly renewing resource, there is always more time. Ways to enhance Intercultural Competence World-Mindedness Attributional Complexity Communication Accommodation Chapter 6 Understanding Gender Gender polarization: Gender identity: Gender: Learned Social construct Sex Doing gender Resources Roles Verbal communication Nonverbal communication Relationships Sample questions The following will give you a feel for the tone of the exam: T/F Indicate whether you believe the statement is true or false. If it is true, give a reason or an example. If it is false, explain what would make it true. Most personal communication is best described as linear in nature. In a high-context culture, people are expected to be direct, clear and explicit. High self-monitors have a tendency to state what they are thinking without paying attention to the impression they make. Short Answer Draw, label and explain the Linear model Give an example of how your dominant culture influenced you today. Identify three (3) influences on perception Multiple Choice The Perception Process has three steps. Which one is missing from this list? Selection, Organization, and Orientation Ethnocentrism Interpretation Cognitive Complexity Application – Identify which of the communication terms each statement illustrates the most clearly (can only use a term once, not all the terms will be use) Perception Check Decoding Self-monitoring External noise Gestalt Self-fulfilling prophecy Social Roles Mari notices that when she tells a really detailed story her listeners tend to stop paying attention. She decides to try to keep her stories more to the point. Allen decides what Dana meant by that scowl is that she is unhappy with her test score. A person behind you in the theater answers their cell phone in the middle of the movie. Talesha tells herself that she isn’t fast enough to win her race and then isn’t surprised when she comes in third. Adai wants to find out if his take on the situation is correct so he asks Mark for clarification.