Students Immunity-RA-Lupus Erin PPT-1 PDF
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Cape Fear Community College
Erin Ludlum
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Summary
This PowerPoint presentation covers various aspects of immunology, with a focus on autoimmune disorders, particularly Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). It details the different types, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options for these conditions. The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex nature of these diseases for effective diagnosis and management.
Full Transcript
NUR 211 UNIT 1 IMMUNITY Erin Ludlum MSN, RN IMMUNITY BODY PARTS INVOLVEMENT FUNCTION TYPES FRONT LINE: WBC (LEUKOCYTES) B-Cells Granulocytes T-Cells Agranulocytes White Blood Cells IMMU...
NUR 211 UNIT 1 IMMUNITY Erin Ludlum MSN, RN IMMUNITY BODY PARTS INVOLVEMENT FUNCTION TYPES FRONT LINE: WBC (LEUKOCYTES) B-Cells Granulocytes T-Cells Agranulocytes White Blood Cells IMMUNITY TERMS Immunocompetent: Immunodeficiency: Hypersensitivity: Autoimmune Disorders: AGE RELATED CHANGES IN ELDERLY Inflammation Neutrophils Leukocytes Fever Antibody-Mediated Immunity B lymphocytes Antibody responses Cell-Mediated Immunity T lymphocytes HYPERSENSITIVITY 4 TYPES OF HYPERSENSITIVITIES 1. Immediate/Rapid/Atopic Ex anaphylaxis, allergic asthma, angioedema, Allergic Rhinitis 2. Cytotoxic Ex hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis 3. Immune Complex-Mediated Ex Lupus, RA 4. Delayed Ex Graves disease, positive TB test, poison ivy TYPE I:IMMEDIATE Type I: Immediate or Rapid TYPE I: HOW CAN ALLERGIES BE CONTACTED? TYPE I:IMMEDIATE: ALLERGIC RHINITIS ALLERGIC RHINITIS: DRUG THERAPY TYPE I:IMMEDIATE: ANAPHYLAXIS Life Threatening Rapid Onset Assessment Interventions Emergency Management EPINEPHRINE AUTOINJECTOR (EAI) Now available in generic form, much cheaper than “Epi-Pen” Can only be obtained with a prescription Delivers epinephrine solution directly into muscle Anyone that is at risk for anaphylactic reaction will be given prescription Educate on use: Box on pg. 350 TYPE II: CYTOTOXIC Type II: Cytotoxic Antibody mediated destruction of a SPECIFIC organ/tissue Antibodies IgG or IgM directed against antigens Antibody binding to cell surface receptors and altering its activity Activation of the complement pathway Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity Cell dies (cytotoxic!) Ex: Cell dies: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia Severely disrupts: Graves disease, Myasthenia Gravis TYPE III: IMMUNE COMPLEX-MEDIATED Type III: Immune Complex Mediated Remember three is “free” antibodies. Not bound to cells. Free = 3 words Excess antigens Immune complexes Lodge in Small Vessels Biggest difference from other hypersensitivities: the antigen- antibody complexes are pre-formed in the circulation before their deposition in tissues TYPE IV: DELAYED T-cells Antibodies and complement are NOT involved Macrophages destroy antigen Delayed: takes more than 12 hours to develop after X exposure Ex contact dermatitis (poison ivy skin rash or metal irritation), local response to insect sting, positive PPD for TB RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Rheumatoid factors Cd4 T helper cells, Neutrophils, and Lymphocyte action Joint changes Systemic changes RA - ASSESSMENT Physical assessment Stages Early - fatigue, anorexia, morning joint stiffness, fever, weakness, paresthesia Late Joint - deformities, (swan neck or boutonniere), mod-severe pain & morning stiffness that can last for hours Late systemic - osteoporosis, severe fatigue, vasculitis, pericarditis, renal dx Complications Psychosocial RA - DIAGNOSIS Rheumatologist Medical History Physical Assessment Arthrocentesis Laboratory ESR, CRP & ANA RF and CCP antibodies Diagnostic Imaging Xray, CT/MRI RA - PHARMACOLOGY NSAIDs Steroids Immunosuppressants DMARDS Non-biologics Biologics Plasmapheresis (PLEX) Surgical CAM RA – TREATMENT & EDUCATION Positioning Alternate applying Heat/cold Low impact Self management/promotion Enhancing body image Immobilizers SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) LUPUS- INCIDENCE/PREVALENCE 18,000 new cases/year More common in women Childbearing age LUPUS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LUPUS- TYPES LUPUS - ASSESSMENT Any tissue or organ can be affected Diagnostic Findings: Unexplained fevers Musculoskeletal Dermatologic Pulmonary Renal Neurologic Hematologic Cardiac LUPUS - DIAGNOSIS Physical changes At least 4 of the 11 key features Lab analyses Autoantibody tests – ANA Inflammatory markers Creatinine WBC LUPUS- TREATMENT AVOID the 4 S’s: Symptom management Pharmacological Interventions Immunosuppressants*** – Hydroxychloroquine DMARDS Biologics Others
