Historical Antecedents of Science in the World PDF

Lesson No. 01 Science, Technology and Society: Historical Antecedents in the World  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD ANCIENT SCIENCE [60,000BC to 650 AD] Knowledge was built by means of pure thought. It used experimentaLon to help theoreLcal understanding. It was pos...

Lesson No. 01 Science, Technology and Society: Historical Antecedents in the World  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD ANCIENT SCIENCE [60,000BC to 650 AD] Knowledge was built by means of pure thought. It used experimentaLon to help theoreLcal understanding. It was possible to find regulariLes and paNerns hidden in nature and those regulariLes were the key to unlocking the secrets of the universe. It became evident that even nature had to obey certain rules and by knowing those rules one could predict the behavior of nature. SOURCE: www.ancient.eu.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD MIDDLE AGES [3rd to 12th Centuries] There was a stability in the intellectual world for long centuries. All the scienLfic and philosophical expression was monitored extensively by the church. The church ruled conclusively on a number of truths about the natural world which claimed to be undeniable. Truth was based on biblical studies and the widely accepted Aristotelian system. It was believed that the human body contained four different kinds of liquid and that illness was cause by their imbalance. SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD LATE MIDDLE AGES: RENAISSANCE PERIOD [1350s – 1650s] The Renaissance period bridged between middle to modern ages. There was a birth of geographical exploraLons. Botanists flourished and begun to create quesLons regarding the accepted Aristotelian norms. The birth of Protestant ReformaLon. The church started quesLoning which resulted to freedom of reconstrucLon of intellectual progress. The birth of ScienGfic RevoluGon (1450 – 1630) SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD LATE MIDDLE AGES: RENAISSANCE PERIOD [1350s – 1650s] ScienGfic RevoluGon is a series of events that marked the emergence of a modern science when developments in mathemaLcs, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. It is during this era that the flawed set of “scienLfic” beliefs established by the ancients and maintained by the church were tore down. It began near he middle ages when farmers began to noLce, study and record the environmental condiLons that yielded the best harvests. SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD LATE MIDDLE AGES: RENAISSANCE PERIOD [1350s – 1650s] ScienLsts sought to discover and convey the true laws governing the phenomena they observe in nature in order for the flawed knowledge to be replaced. During this period, the church is not against the change in the scienLfic approach because of the belief that studying the world was a form of piety and consLtuted admiraLon od God’s work. This gave birth to the Enlightenment Period. SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD MODERN AGES: 1650s - present The birth to the Enlightenment Period. It is during this era that he ScienLfic Method was established. The concepts of inducLve and deducLve reasoning were also introduced. It was proven that scienLfic thought and methods could be applied to non-scienLfic topics. ScienLsts came to their own conclusions rather than deferring to insLlled authority. The influence of church to science started to decline. SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD MODERN AGES: 1650s - present There was an advancement of prevenLon and treatment of illnesses. Astronomers unlocked the doors of the universe. ExploraLon and imperialism began due to the advancement of transport technologies. Marked the emergence of the modern science. SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE IN THE WORLD MODERN AGES: 1650s - present There was an advancement of prevenLon and treatment of illnesses. Astronomers unlocked the doors of the universe. ExploraLon and imperialism began due to the advancement of transport technologies. Marked the emergence of the modern science. SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  FILM SHOWING: World’s Greatest InvenLons of All Time A Documentary by History Channel Source: h*ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2DW9uY7k4A  INSIGHT SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.  PARADIGM SHIFT A scienLfic paradigm is a framework containing all the commonly accepted views about a subject, convenLons about what direcLon research should take and how it should be performed. Science, like any other discipline, is subject to ideological, idiosyncrasies, preconcepLon and hidden assumpLons. A paradigm shih is a phenomenon explored by Thomas Khun, is not just a small modificaLon to an exisLng scienLfic theory. Rather, it completely changes the scienLfic theory itself and radically alters the way in which it seeks to understand reality. IT IS FINE TO MAKE A SHIFT! SOURCE: hNps://explorable.com/what-is-a-paradigm  FILM SHOWING: Aristotle versus Galileo Newton Versus Einstein h*ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HR5UmG0q0s h*ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yyb_RNJWUM&t=322s  “Science Technology and Society Studies or STS is an interdisciplinary field of academic teaching and research with elements of a social movement, having as its primary focus the explicaLon of science and technology as complex social constructs with aNendant societal influences entailing myriad epistemological, poliLcal and ethical quesLons.” ~ Stephen H. Cutcliffe, Encyclopedia.com STS as an explicit academic field of teaching and research emerged in the United States in the mid-1960s, as scholars and academics alike raised doubts about the theretofore largely unquesLoned beneficence of science and technology. SOURCE: www.encyclopedia.com DDT – dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Silent Spring began with a “fable for tomorrow” – a true story using a composite of It is a cyrstalline compound that was examples drawn from many real communiLes originally developed as an insecLcide where the use of DDT had caused damage to and pesLcide. wildlife, birds, bees, agricultural animals, domesGc pets, and even humans. It was promoted by the United States ULlizing her many sources in federal science Government and the industry for and in private research, Carson spent over six agricultural and household use. years documenLng her analysis that humans were misusing powerful, persistent, chemical There was no prior invesLgaLon of pesLcides before knowing the full extent of their environmental and health effect. their potenLal harm to the whole biota. SOURCE: www.wikipedia.com SOURCE: www.rachelcarson.org  FEW DRIVERS could imagine owning a car these days that did not come with airbags, anLlock brakes and seatbelts. But 50 years ago motorists went without such basic safety features. That was before a young lawyer named Ralph Nader came along with a book, “Unsafe at Any Speed,” that would change the auto industry. It accused automakers of failing to make cars as safe as possible. Less than a year aher the book was published, a balky Congress created the federal safety agency that became the NaLonal Highway Traffic Safety AdministraLon — an agency “For over half a century the automobile whose stated mission is to save lives, has brought death, injury and the most prevent injuries and reduce crashes. inesLmable sorrow and deprivaLon to millions of people.” ~ Ralph Nader SOURCE: www.wikipedia.com www.nyLmes.com  INSIGHT "Gaming disorder" recognized as a mental health condiGon by World Health OrganizaGon SOURCE: SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The ScienLfic RevoluLon (1550-1700).” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 24 Jun. 2018.