Structure and Function of Circulatory System PDF

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE [email protected] CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Learning Outcomes Describe the structural similarities and differences between arteries and veins Relate the structure of conducting arteries, distributing arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, capillarie...

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE [email protected] CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Learning Outcomes Describe the structural similarities and differences between arteries and veins Relate the structure of conducting arteries, distributing arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, postcapillary venules, muscular venules and collecting venules, to their function Explain the vascular mechanisms underpinning the development of aneurysms, arteriosclerosis and other vascular conditions  WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ARTERY AND A VEIN?  Key Arterial Principles Arteries typically supply what they touch (including the bones and joints) Arteries typically sit deep to the muscles (so they’re protected) Anastomoses provide detours for the blood if a vessel is blocked =collateral circulation What are the 3 layers of a typical vessel? What do they do?  Tunica intima Large elastic arteries How does the Tunica structure media relate to function? Tunica externa Peripheral nerves Vasa vasorum 10x Aorta virtual microscopy Aneurysm Types of Aneurysm True aneurysm Healthy vessel Saccular Fusiform Dissection False aneurysm Conducting Vessels Distributing Vessels Unnamed Vessels Arterial pressure Muscular (distributing) arteries Smaller diameter than elastic arteries Thick muscular layer Examples: named arteries such as brachial, gastric, 11 Muscular artery virtua l microscopy 5x superior Endothelial cell nucleus Internal elastic lamina Smooth muscle cell nucleus Extern al elastic Elastin lamina fibre How does this structure relate to 10x Small muscular ar tery virtual micro scopy 40x  What is arteriosclerosis? Aterio = artery Sclerosis = hardening Umbrella term for conditions that thicken arterial walls and reduce elasticity Hypertrophy of smooth muscle in tunicae media and intima + calcification over time Atherosclerosis Arterioles Smooth muscle cells Endothelial cell Peripheral nerve Metarterioles vs Arteriovenous anastomosis Capillary Beds Pressure ulcer Types of Capillary (Sinus = Latin for 'recess') Postcapillary Venules Primary site of lymphocyte migration between blood & interstitial space! Conducting Vessels Distributing Vessels Unnamed Vessels Venous pressure Key Venous Principles There are more veins than arteries and they contain about 80% of blood volume There is more variation in the number and position of veins Arterial pressure on the accompanying vessels helps move the blood towards the heart https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741521410024092 =atriovenous pump Skeletal Muscle Pump Deep and Superficial Veins Varicose Veins Why can varicose veins be removed without affecting blood drainage? Deep Vein Thrombosis Learning Outcomes Describe the structural similarities and differences between arteries and veins Relate the structure of conducting arteries, distributing arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, postcapillary venules, muscular venules and collecting venules, to their function Explain the vascular mechanisms underpinning the development of aneurysms, arteriosclerosis and other vascular conditions