Neurological Alterations: Stroke PDF

**[Neurological Alterations: Stroke]** - - - - - - - - - - **Pathophysiology:** **[Ischemic:]** can be caused by **Thrombus(sedentary clot** that closes in on passageway overtime) or **Embolus(dislodged clot)** - - - **[Hemorrhagic:]** - - **Risk Factors...

**[Neurological Alterations: Stroke]** - - - - - - - - - - **Pathophysiology:** **[Ischemic:]** can be caused by **Thrombus(sedentary clot** that closes in on passageway overtime) or **Embolus(dislodged clot)** - - - **[Hemorrhagic:]** - - **Risk Factors:** **Nonmodifiable:** - - - - **Modifiable:** - - - - - - - **Signs and Symptoms:** - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Deficit:** | **Definition**: | **Graphic**: | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Motor Deficits:** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Ataxia: | Uncoordinated muscle | | | | movements | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Hemiparesis/plegia: | Slight | | | | weakness(paresis)/par | | | | alysis(plegia) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Akinesia: | Loss of voluntary | | | | movement | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Communication | | | | Deficits: caused by | | | | [left | | | | hemisphere]{.underlin | | | | e} | | | | damage** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Expressive Aphasia: | Inability to produce | | | | language; | | | **Broca's** | **difficulty finding | | | | desired words** or | | | | reponses | | | | | | | | Memory for motor | | | | patterns(to produce | | | | the language) is lost | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Receptive Aphasia: | **Unable to | | | | comprehend speech** | | | **Wernicke's** | is lost; often will | | | | use single word | | | | responses | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Global Aphasia: | **Loss of both** | | | | ability to | | | | produce/comprehend | | | | speech/language | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Written | | | | Communication:** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Agraphia: | Inability to express |  | | | ideas in writing | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Alexia: | Inability to | | | | understand written | | | | words | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Intellectual | | | | Deficits:** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Left-sided damage: | **Memory** related to | | | | **language(broca's/we | | | **Think: | rnicke's | | | [L]**eft= | aphasia)** and | | | **[L]**og | **communication** is | | | ic | altered; patients are | | | | usually aware of | | | | their deficits | | | | | | | | - - - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Right-sided damage: | Known for | | | | **impulsivity and | | | | quick movements**; | | | | confusion with date, | | | | time, places etc.; | | | | are typically unaware | | | | of their altered | | | | mental status | | | | | | | | - - - - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Sensory-Perceptual | | | | Deficits:** | | | | | | | | - | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Unilateral Neglect | Failure to process |  | | Syndrome: | input from affected | | | | side of the brain; | | | | | | | | **Hemianopia**: | | | | inability to see ½ of | | | | visual field | | | | | | | | **Quadrantanopia**: | | | | only able to see ¼ of | | | | object | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Agnosia: | **Inability to | | | | recognize objects** | | | | by the use of senses | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Apraxia: | **Inability to carry |  | | | ou**t learned | | | | sequential | | | | **movements** on | | | | command | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Cognitive-Emotional | | | | Deficits:** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Diagnostic Tests** - - - - - - - - - - - **Treatments:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hemorrhagic Stroke Treatment: Drug Therapy - - - **Nursing Management** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Transient Ischemic Attack:** - - - - - - -