Biodiversity STF1053 PDF

BIODIVERSITY STF1053 OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, SPECIES & SPECIATION AND DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY - DEFINITION Biodiversity is the results The variety of life from all of billions of years of ecosystems....

BIODIVERSITY STF1053 OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, SPECIES & SPECIATION AND DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY - DEFINITION Biodiversity is the results The variety of life from all of billions of years of ecosystems. evolution. Variety = many living Evolution = process by things = wide variety, which living organisms high diversity change overtime through changes in the genetics material (DNA). This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC  BIODIVERSITY - COMPONENTS SPECIES DIVERSITY Wide variety of plants, animals and microorganisms. Also refers to the total number of species for each groups (e.g. Kingdoms = Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals) GENETIC DIVERSITY Genetic differences within each species DNA determine the uniqueness of each individuals and each species ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY Variety of habitats, the beneficial services they provide & the processes that support the ecosystem. SPECIES DIVERSITY SPECIES SPECIES CONCEPT Biology – species is a group of Phylogeny – species is a group of Morphology – species is a group individuals that can breed individuals that have the of individuals that have the together same/similar DNA composition. same/similar physical structure DIFFERENCE in biology, DNA and morphology will form new species. SPECIATION Causes of the origin of new species Geographic isolation – Continuous populations are divided into smaller populations, preventing them from mating with one another, which results in differences in DNA composition over time. Reduction of gene flow - New species can arise through natural and sexual selection even without of geographic isolation. SPECIATION GENETIC DIVERSITY Nordin, F. A., Saibeh, K., Go, R., Mangsor, K. N. A., & Othman, A. S. (2022). Molecular Phylogenetics of the Orchid Genus Spathoglottis (Orchidaceae: Collabieae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Forests, 13(12), 2079. GENETIC DIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY  FOREST Land area of more than 0.5 ha, with a tree canopy cover of more than 10%, which is not primarily under agricultural or other specific non-forest land use. In the case of young forests or regions where tree growth is climatically suppressed, the trees should be capable of reaching a height of 5 m in situ, and of meeting the canopy cover requirement. https://www.cbd.int/forest/definitions.shtml Limestone Forest  Mangrove Forest Mangroves = woody vegetation types occurring in marine and brackish environment & restricted to the tidal zone (From Mangrove Guidebook for Malaysia, 2015)  Peat Swamp Forest Peat swamp forest are waterlogged (the water is acidic) forests growing on a layer of dead leaves plant material up to 20 meters thick (From Malaysia’s Peat Swamp Forest: Conservation and Sustainable Use, 2006)