Steering System PDF

Steering system  Steering Steering system is the term applied to the collection of components, linkages, etc. which will allow a vehicle to follow the desired direction. An automobile is steered with the help to steering gears and linkages, which...

Steering system  Steering Steering system is the term applied to the collection of components, linkages, etc. which will allow a vehicle to follow the desired direction. An automobile is steered with the help to steering gears and linkages, which transfer the motion of the hand operated steering wheel to the pivoted front wheel hubs via steering column. The other parts that are used for steering a vehicle are steering wheel pads, steering shafts, steering boxes, steering arms, and steering stabilizers.  Needs of steering It should multiply the turning effort applied system on the steering wheel by the driver. It should be to certain extent irreversible. In other works, the shocks of the road surface encountered by the wheels should not be transmitted to the driver’s hands. The mechanism should have self rightening effect, when the driver releases the steering wheel after negotiating the turn. The wheel should  Function of steering system Control of front wheel (sometimes rear wheel) direction Transmit road feel ( slight steering wheel pull caused by the road surface) to the driver’s hand. Maintain correct amount of effort needed to turn the wheels. Absorbs most of the shocks going to the steering wheel as the tire hits holes and bumps in the road  Layout of a steering system A typical steering system consist of  Steering wheel  Steering shaft  Steering gear box  Pitman arm  Drag link  Steering knuckle arm  Tie rod  Track rod arm Turning the car (when turning, front wheels don’t point the same direction)  Linkages steering system( worm gear) parts  Steering wheel- used by the driver to rotate a steering shaft that passes through the steering column  Steering shaft- transfer turning motion from the steering wheel to the steering gear box  Steering column- support the steering column and steering shaft.  Steering gears  The steering gear is a device for converting the rotary motion of the steering wheel into straight line motion of the linkage with a mechanical advantage.  If the steering wheel is connected directly to the steering linkage it would require a great effort to move the front wheels. Therefore, to assist the driver, a reduction system is used having a steering ratio.  Most useful steering gear system are as follows: 1. Recirculation ball type steering gear- they transmit the rotary motion of the steering wheel to the piston. 2. Rack-and-opinion steering-is consist of a rack, along its length, and pinion gear, a small round gear connected to the steering wheel. 3. Hydraulic power steering- using a hydraulic system to multiply force applied to the steering wheel inputs to the vehicle.  Linkage steering system( worm gear parts Steering gearbox) – changes turning motion into a straight-line motion of the left or right. Steering gearbox ratios range from 15:1 to 24:1 ( with 15:1 the worm gear turns 15 times to turn the selector shaft once). Steering linkage- connect the steering gearbox to the steering knuckles and wheels. BASIC RACK- AND- PINION STEERING Gear housing- holds the pinion gear and rack Tie rods- connects the rack with steering knuckles.  STEERING LINKAGE PITMAN ARMS TRANSFER GEARBOX MOTION TO THE STEERING LINKAGE Pitman arms is splined to the gearbox Differential axel in a vehicle  Introduction  Differential is an integral part of all four wheelers.  A differential is used to allow the wheels to spin at different speeds  This is necessary when the vehicle turns  PARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM  Pinion drive gear- transfer power from the drive shaft to the ring gear.  Ring gear –will transfer power to differential case assembly  Spider gears- the spider gear lies at the heart of the differential and special mention should be made about its rotation  Differential case assembly- hold the gear drive the axel  Rear drive axel- transfer torque from differential assembly to the drive wheels  WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM  When turning the inner and outer wheels have arcs of different turning radii  The inner wheels travel less distance than outer wheels.  WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM  From the drive shaft power is transferred the opinion gear first, since the pinion and ring gear are meshed,  Power flows to the ring gear  As the spider gear is connected with the ring gear power flows to it.  Finally from the spider gear, power gets transferred to the both gears.  Different cases  The vehicle moves straight  In this case the spider gear rotates along with the ring gear but does not rotate on its axis  So the spider gear will turn at the same speed.  Vehicle take a turn right  In this along with the rotation of the ring gear is rotates On its own axis  So that spider gear is having a combined rotation.  When the spider gear is spinning as well rotating, peripheral velocity at the left side or spider gear is the sum of the spinning and rotational velocity  But at the right side, it is the difference of the two since the spin velocity is in the opposite direction at this side. Than You k