Starteski 2.docx PDF

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSW 1. **Two main types** of economy were envisaged: Countries that had cheap, **low-skilled** labour focusing on assembling low-cost, high volume products or producing agricultural or mineral commodities. This was typical of \'**third-world**\' countries in...

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSW 1. **Two main types** of economy were envisaged: Countries that had cheap, **low-skilled** labour focusing on assembling low-cost, high volume products or producing agricultural or mineral commodities. This was typical of \'**third-world**\' countries in an early stage of development. Countries with well-paid, skilled \'**knowledge workers**\' who concentrated on the provision of goods and services with a **high value-added component**. [US, GERMNY DEVELOPED -- ADDED VALUE (msm da ce ovo biti) ] BIH DEVEOPING -DEVELOPING COUNTIRES MAKE PARTS OF PRODUCT AND SEND IT TO DEVELOPED WHIHC MAKE FINAL PRODUCT + ADDED VALUE AFRICA THIRD WORLD 2. What is ousruce , what we uslusaly outsource **Purchasing from outside vendors goods and services that could be produced inside the firm.'' WE OUTSORCE SOMITING THAT IS NOT OUR CORE BUSSINESS A** Most commonly outsourced functions: 1. **Legal work ,**Employee benefits, **Shipping** ,Production, **Information Systems ,**Storage,, Financial functions ,Marketing and 2. Human resource management (HRM) functions: 3. **International business agreements -- NAFTA (Maquiladoras strategy)** 4. -- MULTINATONAL (Multinational corporations **[transfer capital, technology, human resources, inventory, and information]** from one market to another, seeking new expansion opportunities. **[Medium-size organizations may buy and sel]**l products made abroad and compete with businesses from other countries in their own domestic market. [**Small organizations-** Some serve as local suppliers, for example: Local parts suppliers have been successfully selling products to Toyota and Honda plants in the U.S.] **[ANTIGLOBALIST (]**Globalization has been a topic of intense debate, with proponents and opponents offering contrasting views on its effects. **Proponents** argue that globalization: - **Economic Growth**: Promotes economic growth by allowing countries to specialize in their comparative advantages and participate in global markets. - **Technology Transfer**: Facilitates the transfer of technology and knowledge across borders, aiding development. - **Cultural Exchange**: Encourages cultural exchange and understanding between nations, fostering tolerance and global unity. **Opponents** criticize globalization for: ANTIGLOBALIST - **Inequality**: Widening economic disparities between wealthy and developing nations, exacerbating poverty in some regions. - **Loss of Sovereignty**: Undermining national sovereignty as global institutions and multinational corporations gain influence. - **Environmental Concerns**: Contributing to environmental degradation through increased consumption and production, often with inadequate regulation.) TRY TO PROTECT DOMESTIC PROTOCOL, COMAPNIES AND MARKET, LOCAL PREFERNCES 5.) PORTERS DIMOND 1. NATIONS COM ADVR Factor Endowments- cost/quality of factors of production 2. Local Demand Conditions- most sensitive to needs of closest customers 3. Competitiveness of Related & Supporting Industries- benefits from investments 4. Intensity of Rivalry- competitive advantage ### 6.) MODALITY OF IE - Exporting- most use to begin expansion but later switch to another mode. TO TEST PRODUCTS AT OTHER MARKET TO SEE IF THERE IS DEMAND - Licensing- licensee buys rights to produce product & puts up most of overseas capital. - - Franchising- franchiser sells intangible property & insists franchisee follow rules on doing business. ALLOWING COMPANY TO FULUFILL STANDARS !!! - - Joint Ventures- typically a 50/50 venture & favored mode for entering new market - Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries- parent company owns 100% of subsidiary's stock 7\. STARETGIC OUTSORCING , PATICAL , HORIZTNAL INTEGRATION - Horizontal Integration- acquiring/merging with industry competitors. Focus resources- resources devoted to competing successfully in one area - 'Stick to the knitting'- company stays focused on what it does best - - Vertical Integration- expanding operations *backward* into industry that produces inputs for company or *forward* into industry that distributes company's products - Backward Vertical- expands into industry that produces inputs to company - Forward Vertical- company expands into industry that uses, distributes, sells company's products (**Vertically integrated company requires centralized control -- in order to achieve benefits from sequential flow of resources from one division to next.** - ) - Strategic Outsourcing- letting some value creation activities within business be performed by independent entity 8.) RESTRUTURING- ADJUST AND MODIFY TO FULLFUIL NEEDS 9.) COMPANY POLICIES -- CONTROL HOW PEOPLE BEHAVE / BEHAVIORS CONTORL 10.) COMPANY STRUCTURE (MATRIX AND PRODUCT TEAM - Function - collection of people who work together & perform same tasks/hold similar positions. - Division- way of grouping functions to allow organization to better serve customers. (MULTIDIVISONAL Division - Self-contained -- full set of value-chain functions - May share value-chain functions with other divisions - Corporate headquarters staff - Monitor divisional activities - Exercise financial control over each division - Strategic responsibilities - Handoffs- work exchanges between people, functions, & subunits. - - Matrix - RESPOSVALE TO MORE PERSONS IN DIFF AREAS , MORE BOSSES A. Value chain activities grouped by function *[and]* by product or project B. Flat & decentralized C. Promotes innovation & speed D. Norms & values based on innovation & product excellence Product-team i. Tasks divided along product/project lines ii. Functional specialists part of permanent cross-functional teams GEOGRAFICAL STUCTURE -- ADAPT TO MARKET 11.) **Centralization** is when decision-making authority is concentrated at the top, ensuring consistency and alignment with overall goals but limiting flexibility and slowing responsiveness. It suits stable environments and industries needing standardization. **Decentralization** delegates authority to lower levels, promoting flexibility, innovation, and quicker decisions but risking inconsistencies and misalignment. It works well in dynamic markets or diverse geographical operations. ( IMPORTNST FOR BUSSINES BCS OF INDEPNDNCE DEGREE, IMPOVRMENT OF FIRST LINE WORKERS, MNGRS MONITOR PROGRESS 12.) - **Tariff:** a tax collected on goods shipped across national boundaries. - **Quota:** a limit on the number or value of goods that can be traded. - **Export restraint agreements:** accords reached by governments in which countries voluntarily limit the volume or value of goods they export and import from one another. ( CONDITIONS AND LAWS ) 13.) WTO WORLD BANK STAKEHOLDERS UNITED NATIONS - The \'World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organizatron dealing with the **global rules of trade between nations**. Its main function is to ensure that **trade flows as smoothly**, predictably and freely as possible - ILO (International Labour Organization ) -Promotion of **human rights** at work with a special focus on the rights of women, the ILO highlights freedom of association, **collective bargaining**, non-discrimination, **forced labour and child labour**. The ILO measures annual progress in these areas. ### **World Bank** An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to countries for projects aimed at reducing poverty and promoting sustainable economic development. ### **Stakeholder** Any individual, group, or organization that has an interest in or is affected by the actions, decisions, or outcomes of a business, project, or institution. ### **United Nations (UN)** An intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 to promote international peace, security, human rights, and sustainable development through cooperation among member states. ### FLAT ORGANITAION ID RELLAY DECNTARLIZED SYSTEM (FACULTY) ### 15.) TYPES OF STRUCTURE OF COPANY (ORGANITAIONAL STRUCTURE) (5 AND CHACTERISTICS ) ( DISADVNTAGES) **Functional Structure** - **Definition**: A functional structure divides an organization based on specialized functions (e.g., marketing, finance, HR), where each department focuses on a specific area of expertise. - **Disadvantages**: - Barriers in communication between departments (silo effect). - Lack of cross-department collaboration. - Limited flexibility in responding to market or industry changes. **2. Divisional Structure** - **Definition**: A divisional structure organizes a company into divisions based on product lines, services, or geographic regions. Each division operates independently with its own resources. - **Disadvantages**: - Duplication of resources across divisions (e.g., separate marketing teams). - Potential for competition and conflict between divisions. - Possible inefficiency due to lack of coordination between divisions. **3. Matrix Structure** - **Definition**: A matrix structure combines functional and divisional structures, where employees report to both a functional manager and a project or product manager, fostering collaboration and flexibility. - **Disadvantages**: - Confusion and conflict due to dual reporting relationships. - Power struggles between managers. - Complex decision-making processes. **4. Flat Structure** - **Definition**: A flat structure has few hierarchical levels, with employees reporting directly to top-level management. It encourages open communication and faster decision-making. - **Disadvantages**: - Ambiguity in roles and unclear authority. - Managers may become overloaded with responsibilities. - Limited opportunities for employee advancement. **5. Team-based Structure** - **Definition**: A team-based structure organizes the company around project teams, which may be cross-functional, with employees working together to achieve specific goals. - **Disadvantages**: - Confusion around roles and responsibilities within teams. - Potential conflicts if teams compete for resources or recognition. - Inefficiency if teams are not well-organized or lack clear leadership. ### ### 14.)BSC ESEJ ELEMNTS WHAT IT IS USED FOR MSM DA JE I MCQ I ESEJ ### 16. DIVESIFICATION TYPES EXMPLE ESSAY