SS 9 Chapter 5 Presentation PDF

Issues for Canadians: Chapter 5 How well do Canada’s immigration laws and policies respond to immigration issues? Section A 3 Pre-Lesson Discussion What do you know about immigration in Canada? What experience do you have with Canadian immigration? 4 A Lot of Canadians Believe Disinformation about Immigration Canadians' misperceptions about immigration reﬂect disinformation online: experts 5 6 Immigrate vs. Emigrate “Emigrate means to leave one's country to live in another. Immigrate is to come into another country to live permanently. Migrate is to move, like birds in the winter. Emigrate is from the point of view of the departure. Think exit. Immigrate is from the point of view of the destination. Think come in. Migrate is all about the moving. Think move.” FROM: https://www.vocabulary.com/articles/chooseyourwords/emigrate-immigrate-migrate/ 7 http://www.vancouversun.com/business/produc tiveconversations/Immigrants+face+steep+clim b+success/6981056/story.html?__lsa=35c9-36 ef 8 What is Immigration? Immigration is the process of people establishing homes, and often citizenship, in a country that is not their native country. The families of many Canadians originated in other parts of the world and immigrated to Canada. Canada has many laws and policies that say who can come to Canada from other countries to work and live. 9 https://www.ma cleans.ca/news/ canada/the-cha nging-face-of-c anadian-immigr ation-in-one-ch art/ 10 What is Immigration? Immigration is an important part of Canada’s legislative framework because it affects the quality of life of Canadians and of people who seek to build a life in Canada. The quality of life offered in Canada pulls many immigrants. Those who are pushed out of their home countries by war and other circumstances also come to Canada for shelter. 11 What is Immigration? Balancing the needs of a society ﬁlled with both new and existing Canadians poses opportunities and challenges. It creates a mix of cultures, where people need to learn each other's beliefs, values and worldviews. Immigration policy needs to take into account the security, health and quality of life of people who already live in Canada. 12 http://edmontonjournal.com/news/lo cal-news/edmonton-leads-canada-i n-immigrant-language-growth 13 Cartoon from 1998 http://edocs.lib.s fu.ca/cgi-bin/Ca rtoons?CartoonI D=8437 14 Discussion ⪢ Why do you think that people choose to immigrate to Canada? ⪢ What challenges do you think that people might face when immigrating? 15 Looking to the Past Canada’s government used posters in the late 1800s to recruit immigrants. It wanted immigrants to fulﬁll the objectives of the John A. Macdonald’s National Policy: to promote Canadian industry, ﬁnish the national railway and settle the west. The government targeted the U.S., Britain and many parts of Europe, but not countries with French-speaking populations such as France, Belgium, or Switzerland. 16 Cartoon published in 1903 by the Department of the Interior as part of a cartoon book advertising the Canadian west in the United States. http://tc2.ca/sour cedocs/history-do cs/topics/immigra tion/the-last-best -west.html 17 Cartoon published in 1903 by the Department of the Interior as part of a cartoon book advertising the Canadian west in the United States. http://tc2.ca/sour cedocs/history-do cs/topics/immigra tion/the-last-best -west.html 18 Cartoon published in 1903 by the Department of the Interior as part of a cartoon book advertising the Canadian west in the United States. http://tc2.ca/sour cedocs/history-do cs/topics/immigra tion/the-last-best -west.html 19 How are Canada's immigration laws today different than in the past? No one today is excluded from Canada because of their race or country of origin. The point system, for example, evaluates based on their skills and education. In the past, Canada favoured immigrants of British ancestry and restricted those from Asian countries such as China and India. 20 How are Canada's immigration laws today different than in the past? Between 1885 and 1923 Canada discouraged immigration from China by requiring every Chinese immigrant to pay a ﬁxed fee, known as a head tax. Today, and for more than a decade, people from Asia have made up the largest group of immigrants to Canada. In 2006, Canada's government formally apologized to Canada's Chinese citizens for the head tax. 21 Head tax receipt $500 head tax in 1918. What is that worth today? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chines e_head_tax_in_Canada#/media/Fil e:Head_Tax_Recipt.jpg 22 Political cartoon supporting “white only” immigration 1907 How are Canada's immigration laws today different than in the past? Around 1914, Canada's government allowed people from India to enter Canada only if they sailed directly from India without stopping anywhere. Since no shipping line offered this service, Canada's policy excluded immigrants from India. 24 Komagata Maru Incident http://www.theprovince.com/news/racism/timeline/south-a sians.html 25 Komagata Maru Incident 26 What Criteria does Canada use when accepting Immigrants and Refugees? When one becomes a citizen of Canada, they swear to: ⪢ be faithful to Canada's monarch ⪢ to observe the laws of Canada ⪢ to fulﬁl their duties as a citizen ⪢ They gain the right to vote 27 28 Discussion ⪢ Why do you think the government of Canada would choose to exclude certain groups or ethnicities? ⪢ Does learning about the exclusions in Canada’s history inﬂuence your perception of the country? 29 Section B 32 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-631-x/11-631-x2022003-eng.htm What is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? It dates from 2002 which is the most recent of many laws Canada has had about immigration since it became a country in 1867. It establishes categories of who can come to Canada from other countries to make permanent homes here. 33 What is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? It lays out the objectives into four categories: 34 What is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? ⪢ Economic Immigrants (~55%) Skilled workers and businesspeople. ⪢ Family Class (~28%) Spouses, partners, children, parents and grandparents of people living in Canada. 35 What is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? ⪢ Refugees (~13%) People who are escaping persecution, torture, or cruel and unusual punishment. ⪢ Other (~4%) People accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons. 36 Government Predictions in 2017 https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/i mmigration-canada-2018-1.43711 46 37 What is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? Some of the objectives for immigration found in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (2002): ⪢ Pursue social, cultural and economic beneﬁts for all Canadians ⪢ Respect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada ⪢ Support the development of minority official language communities in Canada 38 What is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? ⪢ Share the beneﬁts of immigration and support a prosperous economy across all regions of Canada ⪢ Reunite families in Canada ⪢ Promote the successful integration of immigrants into Canadian society, recognizing that integration involves mutual obligations for new immigrants and Canadian society. 39 https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-010-x/99-010-x2011001-eng.cfm What is this cartoon really saying? 42 Discussion ⪢ Why is there a need for an Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? ⪢ What similarities and diﬀerences do you see between the act and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms? 43 Section C How does immigration aim to meet Canada’s workforce needs? Citizenship and Immigration Canada is a federal department responsible for putting Canada's immigration legislation into action. The following are key points taken from a document titled 2006-2007 Plans and Priorities. They describe the government's plan for immigration in the future: 45 How does immigration aim to meet Canada’s workforce needs? Immigration has largely deﬁned what Canada is today and has been a sustaining feature of Canada's history. It will continue to play a key role in building the Canada of tomorrow and supporting our economic growth. 46 47 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-606-x/71-606-x2018001-eng.htm How does immigration aim to meet Canada’s workforce needs? Canada is facing signiﬁcant demographic (to do with the characteristics of population) changes. Statistics Canada states that sometime between 2025 and 2030, the number of births to Canadian parents will equal the number of deaths. If Canada's population is to continue to grow, immigration will be the source of this growth (unless birth and death rates change). 48 How does immigration aim to meet Canada’s workforce needs? These demographic factors are also slowing Canada's labour force growth (the growth of the "labour force" or the number of people who can work). Without immigration, Canada's labour force will shrink, as more people retire than join the workforce. 49 50 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-606-x/71-606-x2018001-eng.htm Immigration Policy vs. Law Governments create laws and they also create policies. A law describes principles or conditions that must be followed. A policy describes objectives of the government within the law. 51 Immigration Policy vs. Law ⪢ Immigration law says who is allowed into Canada ⪢ Immigration policy sets the procedures for evaluating immigrants and says how many people are allowed into Canada from year to year. 52 https://www.canada.ca/en/immi gration-refugees-citizenship/cor porate/publications-manuals/an nual-report-parliament-immigrati on-2019.html 53 Discussion ⪢ Do you think that the unemployment rate in Canada should aﬀect the amount of immigrants admitted to Canada? 54 55 What is the Point System for Accepting Immigrants? The point system is part of the criteria Canada uses to decide who to accept as immigrants. It dates from 1967. It applies only to economic immigrants (skilled workers and professionals). Refugees and family-class immigrants do not have to qualify under the point system. 56 What is the Point System for Accepting Immigrants? If a person is not a refugee or a family-class immigrant, they must qualify under Canada's point system to enter Canada as an immigrant. Economic immigrants make up the biggest group of immigrants to Canada. 57 What is the Point System for Accepting Immigrants? ➔ Education (25 points) ➔ Ability in Canada's Official Languages (both English and French) (28 points) ➔ Work Experience (15 points) ➔ Age (12 points) ➔ Arranged Employer (has an employer in Canada already offered a job?) (10 points) ➔ Adaptability (What factors in their background will help them adapt to life in Canada?) (10 points) 58 https://www.thestar.com/ opinion/editorial_cartoon /2017/11/06/greg-perry-i mmigration.html 59 What is the Point System for Accepting Immigrants? If a hopeful immigrant qualiﬁes under the point system by having at least 67 points in the point system test, the next steps to emigrate to Canada would be: 60 What is the Point System for Accepting Immigrants? ❏ Complete a formal application and submit it to Citizenship and Immigration Canada ❏ Pay an application fee ❏ Pass a medical exam that shows there is no illness that could endanger Canadians or strain Canada's health system. ❏ Pass a security check that shows there is no criminal record and there is no security risk to Canada. 61 Express Entry In 2015 Immigration Laws changed to include express entry for highly skilled workers. This means that young professionals move to the front of the line for immigration. 62 63 http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21638191-ca nada-used-prize-immigrants-who-would-make-good-citi zens-now-people-job-offers-have 64 65 Discussion ⪢ Do you think that the point system is an appropriate way to decide which immigrants are accepted into Canada? ⪢ If you were an advisor to Justin Trudeau, what changes would you ask him to make to immigration in Canada? 66 Section D How does health factor into qualifying as an immigrant? Every potential economic immigrant to Canada must provide proof that they are in good health. A person may be refused entry to Canada if: 68 How does health factor into qualifying as an immigrant? ⪢ Their health could put the health of Canadians at risk: for example, they have tuberculosis. ⪢ They have a condition that could endanger public safety: for example, a mental disorder. 69 How does health factor into qualifying as an immigrant? ⪢ Their health could put an "excessive demand" on Canada's health services: for example, HIV/AIDS. ⪢ None of these health requirements apply to people entering Canada as refugees or as family-class immigrants. 70 History of Refugees in Canada https://www.canada.ca/en/immi gration-refugees-citizenship/se rvices/canadians/celebrate-bein g-canadian/teachers-corner/ref ugee-history.html 72 What is Canada's policy toward refugees? Refugees (a person who seeks refuge in another country because of danger or persecution in their home country) are one of the categories of immigrants established under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. Here is some background on how Canada's position on refugees evolved: 73 What is Canada's policy toward refugees? Canada signed the U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees in 1951. During the 1950s and 1960s, Canada offered to shelter refugees in response to speciﬁc world crises. In 1976, Canada made refugees one of its immigration categories meaning Canada accepted refugees steadily instead of crisis by crisis. 74 Some of the Objectives of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2002 ⪢ Save lives and offer protection to people who are displaced and persecuted. ⪢ Fulﬁll and affirm Canada's international commitments to protect refugees 75 Some of the Objectives of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2002 ⪢ Grant fair consideration to people who claim to be persecuted, as an expression of Canada's humanitarian ideals ⪢ Offer refuge to people facing persecution because of race, religion, political opinion or membership in a social group, and to people who face torture, or cruel and unusual treatment or punishment. 76 http://www.cbc.ca/n ews/politics/canada -falling-behind-on-p romise-to-syria-s-re fugees-1.2564457 77 78 http://mackaycartoons.net/tag/immi gration/ 79 Discussion ⪢ Do you think that countries have a moral obligation to accept refugees? 80 http://mackaycartoons.net /tag/immigration/ 81 82 How has immigration policy changed in response to security concerns? Looking at the following two laws, compare and see what similarities and differences there are. How can you account for the differences? Why do you believe issues related to security affect immigration policies? 83 How has immigration policy changed in response to security concerns? Immigration Act, 1976 No person shall be granted admission who is a member of any of the following classes: ⪢ persons who have engaged in... acts of espionage or subversion against democratic government, institutions or processes, as they are understood in Canada ⪢ persons who there are reasonable grounds to believe will, while in Canada, engage in or instigate the subversion by force of any government 84 How has immigration policy changed in response to security concerns? Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2002 A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible on security grounds for: ⪢ engaging in an act of espionage or an act of subversion against a democratic government, institution or process as they are understood in Canada ⪢ engaging in or instigating the subversion by force of any government ⪢ engaging in terrorism 85 How has immigration policy changed in response to security concerns? ⪢ being a danger to the security of Canada ⪢ engaging in acts of violence that would or might endanger the lives or safety of persons in Canada; or, ⪢ being a member of an organization that there are reasonable grounds to believe engages, has engaged, or will engage in acts referred to in the ﬁrst three sub-points above 86 There are many events in other parts of the world that result in more people applying as immigrants to Canada such as: ⪢ Natural disasters, such as ﬂoods and earthquakes ⪢ population pressures ⪢ war ⪢ poverty 87 http://www.fewings.ca/web/polcan/0 50207Immigration.html 88 Discussion ⪢ Why do you think that policies changed in 2002? ⪢ Do you think that the exclusions are fair? Why or why not? Would you change any? 89 Section E http://edmo ntonjournal. com/gallery/ malcolm-ma yes-cartoon s-for-novem ber-2015 91 How do the individual and collective rights of Canadians inﬂuence immigration laws and policies? The Singh Decision In Canada, April 4 is known as Refugee Rights Day, following a 1985 Supreme Court decision known as the Singh decision. This case used the Charter to ensure that refugees get a court hearing before being deported. 92 How do the individual and collective rights of Canadians inﬂuence immigration laws and policies? What happened? Satnam Singh came to Canada from India seeking refugee status. Canada's government rejected his case under The Immigration Act, 1976. The Immigration Act, 1976, did not allow Mr. Singh to state his case in person or to appeal the government's decision on his case. 93 How do the individual and collective rights of Canadians inﬂuence immigration laws and policies? The Supreme Court said this violated section 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which says: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person, and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice. The Supreme Court said everyone in the charter means everyone --every person physically present in Canada. 94 How do the individual and collective rights of Canadians inﬂuence immigration laws and policies? The result: People claiming refugee status in Canada have the right to a hearing, which they attend in person. Canada established the Immigration and Refugee Board to provide quick and fair hearings. Canada's government provides people seeking refugee status with the necessities of life while they wait for a hearing. 95 96 DEBATE: To what extent should Canada provide refugee status to all people who request it? 97 Discussion ⪢ Why do people have diﬀerent perspectives on this right? What is the connection between refugee rights and citizenship? What do refugee rights have to do with who "belongs" in Canada? 98 99 How does immigration involve collective rights of Indigenous peoples? Treaties and agreements between First Nations, Inuit or Metis peoples and the government create a commitment for Canada and the Indigenous peoples to work together and share prosperity. Some Indigenous people, however, continue to face health, education and employment challenges linked to poverty and the impact of past policies and laws. 100 How does immigration involve collective rights of Indigenous peoples? These challenges can create obstacles to full participation in Canada's economy for individuals from First Nations, Inuit or Metis communities. Some people can face difficulties gaining access to educational, training and employment opportunities. Where such conditions exist, they can create issues, especially during times when Canada needs more skilled workers and professionals, and seeks to ﬁll these roles partly through immigration. 101 How does immigration involve collective rights of Indigenous peoples? The AFN (Assembly of First Nations) has requested that the government consult with First Nations, and to allocate resources with the rights and interests of First Nations in mind, with regards to immigration. 102 https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/reports-statistics/research/statist ical-portrait-french-speaking-immigrant-population-outside-quebec-1991-2011.html 103 What challenges and opportunities does immigration pose for Franco-Albertan communities? Centres have been established in both Calgary and Edmonton to welcome and help Francophone immigrants. The centres show them how to become part of the Francophone community, and that they don't have to lose their association with the French language and culture. Non-European student population is growing in Francophone schools in Alberta 104 105 Discussion ⪢ How much say should the Indigenous populations in Canada have with regards to immigration? ⪢ Why would provinces outside Quebec want to encourage Francophone immigration? 106 Section F 108 How do provinces inﬂuence immigration laws and policies? How does immigration affect Canada's cities and regions? The majority of immigrants in Canada settle in large cities such as Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver. 109 110 What Language do Immigrants to Canada Speak? According to the textbook: French -- 5% English -- 53% Both French and English -- 9% Neither -- 33% (Keep in mind that language qualiﬁcations do not apply to family-class immigrants or refugees) 111 112 113 114 In what ways can provinces inﬂuence and implement immigration policies? Provinces control some aspects of immigration in an attempt to make sure immigration ﬁts and meets their needs. The Provincial Nomination Program : 115 In what ways can provinces inﬂuence and implement immigration policies? ⪢ allows some provinces to set up their own immigration offices in foreign countries ⪢ provinces can "nominate" a percentage of the immigrants Canada selects each year, meaning Alberta can specify that it needs immigrants with particular skills. 116 117 In what ways can provinces inﬂuence and implement immigration policies? ⪢ Governments in Canada can't require immigrants to settle in particular places or work in particular jobs. The Provincial Nomination Program increases the likelihood that immigrants will settle in the provinces whose labour needs match their skills. ⪢ Employment and immigration are linked to industry because industry creates jobs that need workers. 118 https: //ww w.im migra tion.c a/can ada-t o-exp and-p rovinc ial-no minati on-pr ogra ms-p np-by -33-o ver-th ree-y ears 119 Canada-Quebec Accord The Canada-Quebec accord (a formal agreement) is a speciﬁc agreement with Quebec.Under this accord, Quebec can nominate the percentage of immigrants to Canada that corresponds to its population within Canada. 120 Canada-Quebec Accord It also allows Quebec to require immigrants who settle in Quebec to send their children to French-language schools. 121 Canada-Quebec Accord Under the Accord, Quebec seeks immigrants whose ﬁrst language is French. Every year about 75% of French-speaking immigrants to Canada settle in Quebec, yet overall, more non-Francophone immigrants settle in Quebec than Francophone immigrants. 122 Canada-Quebec Accord Also under the Accord, Quebec has immigration offices in French speaking areas. They used to have one in Damascus. 123 124 http://bitstrips.com/r/230WZ 125 Discussion ⪢ How does the PNP work within the Charter of Rights and Freedoms? ⪢ To what extent is the Canada-Quebec Accord beneﬁcial to Quebec and beneﬁcial to Canada? ⪢ 126

SS 9 Chapter 5 Presentation PDF

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