SS 105: Life and Works of Rizal (Rizal Law) PDF

**SS 105** **LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL** **I- [ RIZAL LAW ]** The mandatory teaching of Jose Rizal's life with the emphasis on his landmark novels is inscribed in legislation. **Republic Act No. 1425**, more popularly known as the **Rizal Law,** was passed in **1956** leaving a colorful narrative...

**SS 105** **LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL** **I- [ RIZAL LAW ]** The mandatory teaching of Jose Rizal's life with the emphasis on his landmark novels is inscribed in legislation. **Republic Act No. 1425**, more popularly known as the **Rizal Law,** was passed in **1956** leaving a colorful narrative of debate and contestation. **From the Rizal Bill to the Rizal Law** - On **April 3, 1956**, Senate Bill No. 438 was filed by the Senate Committee on Education. - On **April 17, 1956**, then Senate Committee on Education Chair **Jose P. Laurel** sponsored the bill and began delivering speeches for the proposed legislation. - Soon after, the bill became controversial as the powerful **Catholic Church began to express opposition against its passage.** - As the influence of the Church was felt with members of the Senate voicing their opposition to the bill, *its main author*, **Claro M. Recto,** and his allies in the Senate entered into a fierce battle arguing for the passage of SB 438. - **Debates started on April 23, 1956** **Claro M. Recto** **(February 8, 1890-October 2, 1960)** - **The main sponsor and defender of the Rizal Bill was Claro Mayo Recto.** - He was born in Tiaong, Tayabas (Quezon) on February 8, 1890 to Claro Recto, Sr. and Micaela Mayo. - He completed his primary education in his hometown and his secondary education in Batangas. - For his college education, he moved to Manila and completed his AB degree at the Ateneo and was awarded maxima cum laude in 1909. - In 1914, he finished his law degree from the University of Santo Tomas. He was admitted to the bar that same year. **The Debates about the Rizal Bill** FOR: "Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo must be read by all Filipinos. They must be taken to heart, for in their pages we see ourselves as in mirror, our defects as well as our vices. Only they would become conscious as a people and so learn to prepare ourselves for painful sacrifices that ultimately lead to self-reliance, self-respect, and freedom." **-Senator Jose P. Laurel** "Rizal did not pretend to teach religion when he wrote those books. He aimed at inculcating civic consciousness in the Filipinos, national dignity, personal pride, and patriotism and if references were made by him in the course of his narration to certain religious practices in the Philippines in those days, and to the conduct and behavior of erring ministers of the church, it was because he portrayed faithfully the general situation in the Philippines as it then existed." **-Senator Claro M. Recto** **AGAINST:** \"A vast majority of our people are at the same time, Catholic and Filipino citizens. As such they have too great loves: They are harmonious affections, like the love for his father and for his mother. This is the basis of my stand. Let us not create a conflict between nationalism and religion, between the government and the church." **-Senator Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo** **The Rizal Law and the Present Context** **The Rizal Law** **Republic Act No. 1425** **AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS,** **COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS** **OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL** **FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF,** **AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES** **SUMMARY** The Rizal Law could be considered a landmark legislation in the postwar Philippines. During this period, the Philippines was trying to get up on its feet from a devastating war and aiming towards nation-building. As government sought ways to unite the people, legislation like Claro M. Recto drew inspiration from the lives of the heroes of the revolution against Spain. In this frame, the teaching of the life and works of Jose Rizal, particularly the reading of his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, was proposed to be mandated to all private and public educational institution. The proposed legislation, however, met opposition particularly from the Catholic Church. After much debate, the proposed bill was eventually signed into law and became Republic Act No. 1425 **II- [ Dr. Jose Rizal's Life]** · **Birth and Hometown** · Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. - · **Rizal's Family Background** - - - · **Parents and Siblings** - - - - · **Childhood and Early Education** - - · **Education in Binan** - - · **Education in Manila** - - · **University of Santo Tomas** - - · **Decision to Study in Europe** - - · **Entry to UST** - - · **Course Shifts and Decisions** - - · **Extracurricular Activities** - · **Romantic Interests During UST Years** - - - · **Academic Performance and Challenges at UST** - - - - · **Physical Confrontations and Spanish Hostility** - - - · **Decision to Study Abroad** - - **JOSE RIZAL** - Physician - Man of Letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement (La Solidaridad\-\--Katipunan) - Pride of the Malayan race **Family Background** **(Genealogy) Geological Graph of:** - Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro - Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos - Siblings of Jose Rizal  **PARENTS** **FRANCISCO MERCADO** (1818-1898) - *Father of Jose Rizal* who was the youngest of 14 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. - Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and died in Manila. **TEODORA ALONSO** (1827- 1913) - *Mother of Jose Rizal* who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. - She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business- minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well- read. - She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila. **SIBLINGS** **SATURNINA RIZAL** (1850- 1913) - **Eldest child** of the RizalAlonzo marriage. - Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas. **PACIANO RIZAL** (1851-1930) - *Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child.* - Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. **NARCISA RIZAL** (1852-1939) - The third child. - married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician. **OLYMPIA RIZAL** (1855-1887) - The fourth child. - Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth. **LUCIA RIZAL** (1857-1919) - The fifth child. - Married Matriano Herbosa **MARIA RIZAL** (1859-1945) - The sixth child. - Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. **JOSE RIZAL** (1861-1896) - The second son and the seventh child. - He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896. **CONCEPCION RIZAL** (1862-1865) - The eight child. Died at the age of three. **JOSEFA RIZAL** (1865-1945) - The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster. **TRINIDAD RIZAL** (1868-1951) - The tenth child. - Died a spinster and the last of the family to die. **SOLEDAD RIZAL** (1870-1929) - The youngest child - married Pantaleon Quintero. **ANCESTRY** - Mixed Racial Origin From his **father side** - Domingo Lam-Co (a full-blooded Chinese from Amoy, China) - - Ines de la Rosa (Chinese half-breed) - Francisco Mercado - - Bernarda Monicha (12 children) - Juan Mercado - - Cirila Alejandra (14 children) - Francisco Mercado Rizal **Mother side** - Regina Ursua/Ochoa-- Manuel de Quintos (2 children) - Brigida de Quintos - - Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo (7 children) - Teodora Alonzo **Multiracial Ancestry** - Spanish - Chinese - Japanese - Malayo-Polynesian - Negrito **Immediate Family** **Father** - Studied Latin & Philosophy at the College of San Jose (Mla) - described by Rizal as "model of fathers" - he inherited... Profound sense of dignity self-respect, seriousness and self possession - a successful farmer - he loved books - an excellent model for Rizal that molded him up into a man of honor - understood the world of humanity which furnished him with greater respect for other people, and a greater respect to the dignity of labor. **Mother** - born in Meisik, Sta. Cruz Mla. - talented and remarkable woman - she inherited... temperament of the poet and dreamer and bravery for sacrifice - his first teacher - inculcated the value of knowledge and education to the young Rizal - a good Mathematician and Manager of business of the Rizal family **Early Influences** - His mother- encouraged him to express his ideas and sentiments in verse - love for literature - "*The Story of the Moth*" about the mother moth warning its offspring of the danger of fluttering to close to flame. The little moth did not heed the advice, thus it was burned by the flame. gave him the moral lesson that if one must succeed, he must take risks and prepare for the worst consequences. Without courage, there will be no glory. **Birth and Early Childhood** ***In Calamba, Laguna:*** - **19 June 1861 -- birth** - **22 June 1861 -- baptized** - **1864 -** learned the alphabet from his mother - **1865 -- 1867 -** his mother taught him how to read and write - **Leon Monroy** - taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin - **Uncle Manuel Alberto** - taught the latter love for the nature - **Usman** -- Rizal's dog - **Uncle Gregorio -** instilled love for education - **1869 - \"Sa Aking Mga Kabata.\"** ***Biñan, Laguna*** : - **1870** - His brother Paciano brought Rizal to Biñan, Laguna - **Justiniano Aquino Cruz** -- taught Rizal Latin and Spanish - **Juancho Carrera** -- taught him the art of painting - **17 December 1870** - Rizal returned to Calamba after he finished his studies in Biñan ***Back in Calamba:*** - **1871 -** His mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz, Laguna for allegedly poisoning the wife of Jose Alberto - **1872 -** Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872; his father forbid the words: - **Burgos** - **Filibustero** - **Cavite** **Formal education** *In Binan* - he was 9 yrs old - Justiniano Aquino Cruz *he studied Latin and Spanish* - Juancho Carrera ( a local painter) *he developed his initial lessons in painting* **Studies in the Philippines** ***in Ateneo:*** - got excellent grades - studied bachelor of arts in 1877 - graduated as one of sobresaliente - first professor was Fr. Jose Bech ***in UST:*** - got low grades - studied Philosophy and Letters - study medicine (ophthalmology) - did not complete