Sports and Drugs PDF

Sports and Drugs Meaning of Drugs Drugs are substances that can alter the normal functioning of the body when taken. They can be used for medical purposes or for recreational and non-medical reasons. Types of Drugs 1. Medicinal Drugs - Used for treating illnesses and maintaining health. 2. Recreat...

Sports and Drugs Meaning of Drugs Drugs are substances that can alter the normal functioning of the body when taken. They can be used for medical purposes or for recreational and non-medical reasons. Types of Drugs 1. Medicinal Drugs - Used for treating illnesses and maintaining health. 2. Recreational Drugs - Used for pleasure or relaxation, such as alcohol and nicotine. 3. Hard Drugs - Highly addictive and harmful substances such as cocaine and heroin. 4. Performance-enhancing Drugs - Used to improve physical or mental performance, often in sports. Drug Use and Misuse Drug use refers to the proper or prescribed use of drugs, especially for medical purposes. Drug misuse occurs when drugs are taken in excess, without medical advice, or for the wrong reasons. This can lead to addiction, health problems, and social consequences. The Effect of Drugs on Sport Performance Drugs can have both positive and negative effects on athletes. Some performance-enhancing drugs may improve strength, endurance, or speed, but they come with risks such as disqualification, health problems, and reputational damage. Common effects include: - Increased stamina and muscle growth (anabolic steroids) - Enhanced alertness (stimulants) - Reduced pain perception (narcotics) - Risk of heart disease, liver damage, and mental disorders Commonly Used Drugs Stimulants (e.g., caffeine, amphetamines) Depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines) Painkillers (e.g., opioids, aspirin) Anabolic Steroids (e.g., testosterone, nandrolone) Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD, cannabis) Common Sports Injuries 1. Sprains and Strains 2. Fractures 3. Dislocations 4. Tendonitis 5. Concussions 6. Muscle cramps Causes of Sports Injuries Poor training techniques Lack of proper warm-up Overuse of muscles Incorrect use of equipment Poor playing conditions Prevention of Sports Injuries Proper warm-up and cool-down exercises Use of protective gear Adequate hydration Following proper training and playing techniques Allowing adequate recovery time between activities First Aid Treatment for Sports Injuries 1. Rest - Avoid movement to prevent further injury. 2. Ice - Apply ice packs to reduce swelling. 3. Compression - Use bandages to minimize swelling. 4. Elevation - Raise the injured part to reduce blood flow and swelling. 5. Seek medical attention if necessary. Running Styles in Muscles and Long-Distance Races Running styles vary depending on the race distance and muscle engagement. In long- distance races, endurance and pacing are key, and efficient running techniques include: - Forefoot running (used for speed and agility) - Midfoot running (a balanced technique reducing injury risk) - Heel striking (common in longer races but may increase impact on joints) - Arm movement coordination to maintain rhythm - Breathing techniques to optimize oxygen intake