Spoken English Notes PDF

Prof. Mariam BOUAOUD 1. Mutual Respect and Inclusivity 2. Punctuality (10 min, no more) 3. Active Participation ▪ To help students improve their pronunciation skills using transcription. ▪ To get basic information about the articulatory mechanisms involved in the production of the sounds of...

Prof. Mariam BOUAOUD 1. Mutual Respect and Inclusivity 2. Punctuality (10 min, no more) 3. Active Participation ▪ To help students improve their pronunciation skills using transcription. ▪ To get basic information about the articulatory mechanisms involved in the production of the sounds of English. ▪ To learn some rules governing the production of sounds in particular environments in English. Speaking Writing ▪ Speaking uses sounds and pauses. ▪ Writing uses letters and punctuation ▪ Speakers pronounce the sounds of ▪ Writers spell and write the letters of words and phrases. words and phrases. ▪ Speakers of the same community tend ▪ Writers use different styles. to share the same accent and those of different speaking communities develop different accents: British, American etc. ▪ The errors of pronunciation of English as a second language can be explained by two factors:  First language interference  The misleading nature of orthography ▪ To solve the problems of pronunciation caused by first language interference two solutions are suggested: ▪ First, to learn about the phonetic characteristics of the sounds of the language. ▪ Follow coming presentations about the voicing quality, the place of articulation and the manner of articulation of English consonants. ▪ Follow coming presentations about stress and syllable structure in English. ▪ Second, to get more training and practice. ▪ The speakers of second languages encounter problems of pronunciation because orthography is not always consistent. Sometimes, there is a lack of isochrony between the sounds of the language and the letters they represent them. ▪ Some letters are silent ▪ One letter can be pronounced in different ways ▪ One sound can be represented by different letters ▪ More than one letter are used to stand for one sound ▪ One letter can stand for a combination of sounds ▪ Some words contain silent letters. These letters are not pronounced. ▪ doubt, debt, subtle, receipt ▪ knee, knife, know; ▪ sign, foreign; pneumonia, ▪ climb, bomb, comb, tomb; ▪ calm, palm ▪ pseudonym, psychologist ▪ rhythm, rhyme ▪ wrap, wreck, wrestle, wrinkle, wrist, write, wrong ▪ A letter usually represents one sound, but Some letters can represent different sounds. ▪c ▪ center, cellar, cigarette ▪ cake, come, cucumber ▪g ▪ game, gap, get ▪ general, agent, suggest ▪s ▪ send, simple, song ▪ cause, present, reason ▪a ▪ Dad, dame, all, sofa, any  One sound can be represented by different letters ▪ Tough, physics, feel, different ▪ Come, take  One sound can be represented by a combination of letters ▪ ocean, machine, special, expansion, mission, nation ▪ account, tack, acquire, biscuit ▪ Sea, see, receive, believe, people ▪ Tough ▪ This ▪ Month ▪ physics ▪ A single letter may represent a combination of sounds ▪ Box ▪ Experiment ▪ To solve the problems of pronunciation caused by the misleading nature of orthography a written / visual copy of people’s speech using a list of symbols that assigns one and only one symbol for each sound of English is proposed. ▪ The International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA) is used to represent people’s speech orthographically. ▪ This is called phonetic transcription. ▪ English, for example, is transcribed as /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ ▪ The IPA is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. ▪ The IPA was adopted by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of Spoken language.  Most dictionaries but not all of them use the IPA in the lexical entries of words. ▪ Child ▪ Journey ▪ Although ▪ Migration ▪ Furnish ▪ North ▪ Blessing ▪ Tough ▪ Make ▪ Hardship ▪ Frighten ▪ Stay ▪ Thief ▪ Pleasure ▪ Drink ▪ Future ▪ Exciting ▪Monophthongs Where the sound of a vowel remains constant throughout its pronunciation, it is sometimes called a pure vowel (monophthong). Short: /i/, /u/, /ʌ/, /o/, /e/, /a/, /ə/ Long: /i:/, /u:/, /ɑː/ , /ɜː/