SPI Ethics (Incomplete) PDF

Chapter 1: overview of ethics apply the same moral standards in all situations Moral code Morals - one's personal beliefs about right and wrong - set of rules - estab...

Chapter 1: overview of ethics apply the same moral standards in all situations Moral code Morals - one's personal beliefs about right and wrong - set of rules - establishes boundary of generally accepted behavior Ethics - standard or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a - different rules often have contradictions group - Moral - not always right Law - system of rules tells us what we can and cannot do [highest] Morality - laws are enforced by a set of institutions - social conventions about right and wrong - legal acts conform to law moral acts conform to an individual's - widely shared belief - Group Chat information must stay in it - Unauthorized posting of picture, videos Ethics in the business world: - May vary by: - Risk - product of multiplying the likelihood of an event by the age impact of its occurrence cultural group - Associated with appropriate behavior have increased due to: ethnic background globalization creating complex work environment religion organizations challenge to maintain profits or revenue life experiences heightened vigilance by: education - employees gender - shareholder - regulatory agencies Definition of ethics: [possible na iba ang set of rules sa ibang branch ng perpetual] - set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior [inside job type - cause of problems] - ethical behavior conforms social norms - not always right [check standard ethics if intellectual property, libel, defamation] Recent scandals in it companies: virtues - habits that inclined people to do what is - WorldCom acceptable - Qwest communications international incorporated vices - habits of an acceptable behavior - Adelphia communications corporation virtues and vices - define a personal value system; - Computer Associates (CA) scheme of moral values - Hewlett-packard - Comverse technology Importance of integrity: - Satyam computer services (India) [anomalies in their - corner zone of ethical behavior [validating news] companies] - people with integrity: act in accordance with personal code of principles Why fostering good business ethics is important? extend to all same respect and consideration - to gain the good will of the community  - to create an organization that operates consistently - produce safe and effective products - to produce good business practices avoid costly recalls and lawsuits - to protect organization or employees from legal action - provide excellent service retain customers - to avoid unfavorable publicity - develop and maintain strong employee relations [outsourcing - contractual rules, law] suffer lower turnover rates enjoy better employee morale Gaining the goodwill of the community [if nag introduce ka ng ginawa ng programmer for apple kay samsung, Fundamental responsibilities to society: problem, propriety] - declared in formal statement of companies principles or beliefs Fostering good business practices - Include: suppliers or business partners place priority on companies that Making contributions to charitable organizations operate in a fair and ethical manner and non-profit institutions bad ethics = bad business or warning profits providing benefits for employees in excess of - can lead to bad business results legal requirements - can have a negative impact on employers choosing economic opportunities that might be [magsara ang company, part ka ng tatanggalin] more socially desirable than profitable socially responsible activities create good will Protecting the organization and its employees from legal actions: good will makes it easier for corporations to conduct business Avoiding unfavorable publicity [employees must be certified or fit in the standards] public reputation of companies strongly influences: - value of its stock Creating an organization that operates consistently - how consumers regard products and services many companies share the following values: - degree of oversight received from government - operate with honesty and integrity staying true to - amount of support and cooperation received organizations principle organizations are motivated to build strong ethics program to - operate according to standards of ethical conduct in avoid negative publicity words and action [perpetual publicity - why did you take your course there?] - treat colleagues, customers and consumers with respect Improving corporate ethics - strive to be the best of what matters to the company characteristics of a successful ethics programs: - value diversity - employees willing to seek advice about ethical issues - make decisions based on facts and principles - employees feel prepared to handle situations that could lead to misconduct Fostering good business practices: - employees are rewarded for ethical behavior good ethics means good business or improved profits - employees are not rewarded for success obtained companies that: through questionable means  - employees feel positive about their company [must be flexible in the industry; environment will adjust once you gain Establishing a corporate code of ethics more experience, can demand, and such] figure 1-3 Intel’s five principles of conduct 1. intel conducts business with honesty and integrity Appointing a corporate ethics officer 2. intel follows the letter and spirit of the law corporate ethics officer 3. intel employees treat each other fairly - provides vision and leadership in business conduct 4. intel employees act in the best interests of intel and - ensures ethical procedures are put in place avoids conflicts of interest - creates and maintains ethics culture 5. intel employees protect the companies assets and - is responsible for key knowledge or contact person for reputation ethical issues [intellectual property] Conducting social audits social audit Ethical standards that by board of directors - reviews how well organization its meeting ethical and board responsible for supervising management social responsibility goals board members of company are expected to: - communicates new goals for upcoming year - conduct themselves according to the highest standards of personal and professional integrity Requiring employees to take ethics training - set standard for company wide ethical conduct personal convictions improve through education - ensure compliance with laws and regulations comprehensive ethics education program encourages - create environment in which employees can seek employees to act responsibly and ethically advice about business conduct - often presented in small workshop formats [top management - skipped in lecture] - employees apply code of ethics to hypothetical but realistic case studies Establishing a corporate code of ethics - demonstration of recent company decisions based on code of ethics principles from the code of ethics - highlights and organization’s key ethical issues [ISO certification for universities] - identifies overarching values and important principles - focuses employees on areas of ethical risk Including ethical considerations decision making - cannot gain company-wide acceptance unless it is: implement decision developed with employer participation - develop execute implementation plan fully endorsed by organization’s leadership - provide leadership to overcome resistance - must continually be applied to companies decision evaluate results making and emphasizes part of its culture - evaluate against successful criteria [government agency - organization na walang maayos na set of rules - monitor any unintended consequences and code of ethics, especially digital; politician’s term, requesting of success document] Creating an ethical work environment the corporate ethics officer ensures that ethical procedures are good employees may make but ethical choices installed and followed may be encouraged to do “whatever it takes” to get the job managers’ behavior and expectations can strongly influence done employees’ ethical behavior employees need the knowledgeable resource to discuss most of us have developed a simple decision-making model perceive than ethical practices that includes five steps ethical considerations must be incorporated into decision making Table 1-3 how management can affect employees’ ethical 4 common approaches to ethical decision making: behavior 1. virtue ethics approach 2. utilitarian approach 3. fairness approach 4. common good approach Phase of change: 1940s: the first computer is built [purpose is for telecommunication, US to launch to moon] 1956: first hard disk-drive weighed a ton and stored 5 megabytes [Apollo = 100 sqm] 1991: space shuttle had one-megahertz computer [takes time to show output] 2006: pocket/personal devices hold a terabyte (1 trillion bytes) of data [exponentially - how technology is today; double number every 3 months] 2006: automobiles can have 100-megahertz computers Summary - Internet - exchange of information ethics is important because there is associated with - IP version 6 [hexadecimal values] inappropriate behavior have increased - IP version 4 - full of website [4 dotted decimal values; organizations have at least five good reasons for has designated DNS] promoting employees to act ethically - Youtube, Facebook - equivalent IP Addresses (public - to gain the good will of the community address) - to create an organization that offer its consistently - Problem in our country: devices are not fully - to foster good business practices functioning to IP 6, so translation happens from IP 4 to - to protect against legal action IP 6 - to avoid unfavorable publicity organizations require successful ethics programs New developments 1. blogs to vlogs (word made up from web log)  began as outlets for amateurs who want to express collaboration between scientists in different states or ideas or creativity [pandemic changed entertainment] countries appealing because present personal views are funny and creative and present a quirky perspective on 6. E-commerce and free stuff current events free stuff on the web: email books newspapers games Now used as an alternatives to mainstream news and and for business public relations www.amazon.com started in 1994 and 10 years later popular blogs have 100,000 to 500,000 readers per annual sales reached $8.5 billion day and can pick at several million views per day tv show episodes are available to view on the web on-line work (VA) 2. Video sharing rise of amateur videos on the web 7. Artificial intelligence (AI) robotics and motion boom of websites like youtube and Myspace ai suited to narrow specialized scales many videos on the web can infringe copyrights owned robotic devices often special purpose devices and may by entertainment companies [copyright - huge require ai to function payment] motion sensing devices are used to give robots the ability to walk trigger airbags in a crash and cushion 3. Cell phones laptops when dropped can now be used for travel last minute planning taking pictures and downloading music [data - to represent another information that can solve problems] talking on cell phones while driving is a problem [California fire mixed with air → AI sensor, monitor air = fire is the data cellphones can interfere with solitude quiet and gathered (how? Where it could spread more?)] concentration cameras in cell phones and privacy issues 8. Tools for disabled people restoration of abilities, productivity and independence 4. Social networking screen readers and scanners [note compiling and first online social networking site was recording] www.classmates.com in 1995 speech recognition Myspace founded in 2003 hand roughly 100 million prosthetics and motion sensors member profiles by 2008 facebook was started at harvard as an online version of 9. What's next? student directories medical records on chips attached to medical bracelets biological and computer sciences will combine new 5. Collaboration ways to insert microprocessors or control devices on wikipedia online collaborative encyclopedia human bodies open directory project (ODP) Issues and themes issues - unemployment - alienation and customer service - crime - loss of privacy - errors Themes old problems in a new context: - crime - pornography - violent fiction adapting to new technology: - thinking in a new way varied sources of solutions to problems: - natural part of change and life Ethical views deontological Utilitarianism natural rights no simple answers - Do organizations (businesses) have ethics? Ethics important distinctions - right, wrong and okay - Difference between wrong and harm - personal preference and ethics - law and ethics - negative rights (liberties) the right to act without interference - positive rights (claim-rights) an obligation of some people to provide certain things for others