Sources of Drugs PDF

SOURCES OF DRUGS INDEX ▪ DEFINITIONS ▪ VARIOUS SOURCES PLANTS ANIMALS MICRO-ORGANISMS MINERALS RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ▪ REFERENCES DEFINITIONS ▪ DRUG: any substance or product...

SOURCES OF DRUGS INDEX ▪ DEFINITIONS ▪ VARIOUS SOURCES PLANTS ANIMALS MICRO-ORGANISMS MINERALS RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ▪ REFERENCES DEFINITIONS ▪ DRUG: any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient. ▪ PHARMACOLOGY: the science which deals with the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses , adverse effects and fate of drugs in human beings or animals. ▪ PHARMACOGNOSY: the study of medicines or crude drugs produced from natural sources such as plants, microbes, and animals. It includes analysis of their biological, chemical, biochemical, and physical properties SOURCES OF DRUGS ▪PLANT SOURCES ▪ANIMAL SOURCES ▪MICROBIOLOGICAL SOURCES ▪MINERAL SOURCES ▪SEMI SYNTHETIC/ SYNTHETIC SOURCES ▪RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY ▪MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES PLANTS ANIMALS ANIMAL SOURCES ANIMAL PART DRUG USE COW, PIG PANCREAS INSULIN DIABETES FISH SPERM PROTAMINE ANTIDOTE FOR SULPHATE HEPARIN OX LUNG HEPARIN ANICOAGULANT COW STOMACH PEPSIN COD LIVER OIL VIT A & D DEFICIENCES  MICRO- ORGANISMS ORGANISMS DRUG Penicillium notatum Penicillin Penicillium griseofulvum Giseofulvin Streptomyces venezualae Chloramphenicol Streptomyces grisus Streptomycin Streptomyces orientalis Vancomcin Bacillus polymixia Polymyxin B Streptomyces erythreus Erythromycin Streptomyces fradiae Neomycin MINERALS MINERAL INDICATION IRON SALTS ANEMIA MERCURIAL SALTS SYPHILIS ZINC SUPPLEMENT, ECZEMA IODINE ANTISPTIC, SUPPLEMENTS TO PREVENT GOITRE GOLD () RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS FLUORINE ANTISPETIC SELENIUM (SELENIUM SULPHIDE) ANTI DANDRUFF SHAMPOO MINERAL INDICATION PETROLEUM LIQUID PARAFFIN SODIUM BICARBONATE ANATCID ALUMINIUM HRYDROXIDE ANTACID RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES OF IODINE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PHOSPHORUS MALIGNANT CONDITIONS GOLD NON METALLIC SUBSTANCES: KAOLIN, CHALK, BENTONITE, TALC SEMI SYNTHETIC AND SYNTHETIC SOURCES ▪ Semi synthetic drugs are formed when the chemical structure is altered without any change to the nucleus. ▪ EG: APOMORPHINE, DIACETYL MORPHINE, ETHINYL ESTRADIOL, HOMATROPINE, AMPLCILLIN, METHYL TESTOSTERONE, HEROINE, BROMOSCOPOLAMINE. ▪ When the chemical structure and the nucleus are altered, synthetic drugs are made. ▪ EG: ASPIRIN, PARACETAMOL, ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS, ANTIHISTAMINES, AMPHETAMINES,CHLOROQUINE, GENERAL AND LOCAL ANAESTHETICS, PHENYTOIN, CHLORPROMAZINE, SULPHONAMIDES, THIAZIDE DIURETICS, ETC. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY ▪ GROWTH FACTORS: erythropoietin, platelet derived growth factor. ▪ HORMONES: Insulin, Growth Hormone ▪ THROMBOLYTICS: Alteplase, Reteplase ▪ CLOTTING FACTORS : Factors VII and IX ▪ VACCINES MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ▪ Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced molecules engineered to serve as substitute antibodies that can restore, enhance or mimic the immune system's attack on cancer cells. They are designed to bind to antigens that are generally more numerous on the surface of cancer cells than healthy cells. TOCILIZUMAB, OMALIZUMAB REFERENCES Drugs: Their Natural, Synthetic, and Biosynthetic Sources September 2017Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progress in drug research. Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63862-1_4 In book: Therapeutic Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Extracts: Volume 1 (pp.105-123) Veeresham C. Natural products derived from plants as a source of drugs. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2012;3(4):200-201. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.104709 Costa-Neto EM. Animal-based medicines: biological prospection and the sustainable use of zootherapeutic resources. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2005 Mar;77(1):33-43. doi: 10.1590/s0001-37652005000100004. Epub 2005 Feb 2. PMID: 15692677. Goodman and Gilman Complete textbook of medical pharmacology Volume 1, second edition- SK Srivastava THANK YOU