Sounds of English - Phoenix PDF

# FIRST LECTURE ## 1a. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY ## 1b. SOUND PATTERNS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE ## 1c. Vowel and Consonants ## 1d. Phonemes and Morphemes 1a. Phonetics is the systematic study of human speech sounds. It provides means of describing and classifying all the sounds that can be produced by...

# FIRST LECTURE ## 1a. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY ## 1b. SOUND PATTERNS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE ## 1c. Vowel and Consonants ## 1d. Phonemes and Morphemes 1a. Phonetics is the systematic study of human speech sounds. It provides means of describing and classifying all the sounds that can be produced by human vocal tracts. It is the study of the inventory of all speech sounds which humans are capable of producing. Phonology is a branch of linguistics which investigates the ways in which sounds are used systematically in different languages to form words and utterances. (Maduekwe.2011) Phonology studies the behaviour of phonemes, allophones and sounds in free variation in words of languages. It involves the rules that apply to the distribution and sequences of sounds in languages. The study of phonetics and phonology helps to diagnose pronunciation errors in English and device means of correcting them. It helps to identify interference of mother tongue and how to correct them. It gives better understanding of orthographic problems and relationship of spelling to spoken English. These two disciplines are not independent of each other. Knowledge of what features of sound are most utilized in languages determine what aspects of sound production are most worth studying in depth. Thus phonetics depends to some extent upon phonology to indicate areas of linguistic relevance and importance. ## 1b. SOUND PATTERNS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE There are 44 sounds in total which are divided into two: - Consonants (24) - Vowels (20) But vowels are then divided into two which are: - Monophthongs (Pure vowels) (12) - Diphthongs (8) ### ΜΟΝΟΡΗΤHONGS - /i:/ as in theme, fleet, me, seat, beat, aesthetic, he, she, receive size believe, people, key, police, quay, etc - /1/ as in sit, pin, ability, city, explain wanted, enough, village hostage, cities ladies, yesterday, guilty, build busy, porcelain, money journey etc - /e/ as in pet, ten, dead, lead, leisureheifer, guess, guest, bury, friend, any, many, leopard, jeopardy, said, etc. - /æ/ as in bat, fan, lack, plan, plait, guarantee, add, axe, land ran, chat, gap etc. - /a:/ as in park, far, bath, pass, car, card, laugh, heart, abattoit - /p/ as in goggles, fog, cough, dog, quality, squart, - /:/ as in more, warn, Paul, fall, awe, saw, war, board, hoard, sport, port, bought, thought, cost, off, cloth etc. - /u/ as in woman, bosom, wood, foot, cook, could, should, courier pull, full, sugar etc - /u:/ as in do, lose, food, fool, chew, grew, fruit, suit, juice, view, beaty, rule, rude, true, accrue, shoe, you etc - // as in cut, butter, bus, dug, unrest, unknown, hut, lunch, comfort, stomach, enough, countryblood, does etc - /3/ as in bird, worm, shirt, girl, kernel, word, work, worth, church, turn, earth, heard, journey etc - /ǝ/ as in vendor, monitor, about, along, appiont, better, brother, river, doctor, connect, culture future, generous, jealous etc ## DIPHTHONGS - /er/ as in fate, pain, sadist, apex, radiator, cake, fail, lay, eight, fegn, play etc - /ǝч/ as in soak, rodent, go, no, home, soul, mould, flow, etc - /at/ as in fight, write, eye, time, pine, height, etc. - /ɔ1/ as in toy, exploit - /au/ as in plough, cow - /eǝ/ as in their, chair - /ıǝ/ as in here, cheer - /чǝ/ as in poor, sure ## Consonants 1. /p/ 2. /b/ 3. /t/ 4. /k/ 5. /g/ 6. /d/ 7. /m/ 8. /n/ 9. /g/ 10. // 11. /L/ 12. /W/ 13. /Y/ 14. /F/ 15. /V/ 16. /S/ 17. /3/ 18. /J/ 19. /Z/ 20. /h/ 21. /r/ 22. /tf/ 23. /Θ/ 24. /δ/