soil formation summary1.docx

- **Distinguish between a raised bog and a blanket bog:** - **Raised Bog:** Forms in depressions where rainwater accumulates, creating dome-shaped peat deposits. Found in cool climates. - **Blanket Bog:** Extends over large areas and slopes, forming continuous peat layers. Found in a...

- **Distinguish between a raised bog and a blanket bog:** - **Raised Bog:** Forms in depressions where rainwater accumulates, creating dome-shaped peat deposits. Found in cool climates. - **Blanket Bog:** Extends over large areas and slopes, forming continuous peat layers. Found in areas with high rainfall and low temperatures. - **Factors involved in the formation of metamorphic rocks:** - **Heat:** from nearby magma chambers or deep burial. - **Pressure:** from overlying rock layers or tectonic forces. - **Metamorphic rocks and their parent rocks:** - **Marble:** from limestone. - **Quartzite:** from sandstone. - **Influence of parent material on soil type:** - Parent material determines the mineral composition and nutrient content of soil, influencing its fertility and texture. - **Difference between glaciation and gleisiation:** - **Glaciation:** Formation and movement of glaciers over land. - **Gleisiation:** Movement of ice in mountain areas. - **Classification of rock types:** - **Quartzite:** Metamorphic. - **Shale:** Sedimentary. - **Basalt:** Igneous. - **Comparison of limestone and granite as parent materials in soil formation:** - **Limestone:** Forms alkaline soils suitable for agriculture. - **Granite:** Forms acidic soils less fertile for agriculture. - **Identification of limestone as a parent material:** - Recognizable by its light color, often with visible fossils or marine remnants. - **Formation of peat bogs in Ireland:** - Formed from accumulation of decaying plant material in waterlogged environments. - **Minerals of peat bogs in Ireland:** - Sphagnum moss, heather, and sedges. - **Minerals present in igneous rocks:** - Quartz, feldspar, and mica. - **Weathering of rocks contributes to soil formation:** - Breaks down rocks into smaller particles, releasing minerals that enrich soil. - **Why most soils in Ireland are regarded as young:** - Due to recent glacial and post-glacial processes that continue to shape the landscape. - **Type of sedimentary rock prevalent in the Burren, Clare:** - Limestone. - **Chemical process aiding in weathering of limestone:** - Carbonation by acidic rainwater dissolving calcium carbonate. - **Feature of soil from limestone rock:** - Alkaline pH, suitable for diverse plant growth. - **Differences between soil under coniferous forest and grassland:** - Coniferous forest: Acidic, shallow, nutrient-poor. - Grassland: More fertile, deeper, higher organic content. - **Factors influencing soil formation:** - **Parent Material:** Determines mineral composition. - **Topography:** Affects drainage and erosion. - **Living Organisms:** Contribute organic matter and affect nutrient cycling.