SOCS1420 Week 31.pptx

SOCS1420 Community Interventions Section 1 Amy Slack [email protected] Today’s Agenda Explain the concept and process of community intervention as a viable social service work intervention through different theory models (Functional, Sociological, Rothman’s Models of Community Organization Pra...

SOCS1420 Community Interventions Section 1 Amy Slack [email protected] Today’s Agenda Explain the concept and process of community intervention as a viable social service work intervention through different theory models (Functional, Sociological, Rothman’s Models of Community Organization Practice) Multiculturalism and Cultural Competence Learning from Indigenous Perspectives Anti-Oppressive Approach Discuss the Empowerment Model and its key objectives Chapters 2 and 4 from Promoting Community Change: Making it happen in the real world (Parada et al., 2021) Photo by Nick Morrison on Sociological Perspectives Five basic sociological perspectives 1) Functionalism (Systems Theory) 1) Functionalism is a theory about the nature of mental states. According to functionalists, mental states are identified by what they do rather than by what they are made of. Functionalism is the most familiar or “received” view among philosophers of mind and cognitive science. 2) Marxism – Capitalism and struggle between social classes 3) Feminism – equal opportunities 4) Social Action Theory; 1) The theory of social action, more than structural functionalist positions, accepts and assumes that humans vary their actions according to social contexts and how it will affect other people; when a potential reaction is not desirable, the action is modified accordingly. 5) Postmodernism – philosophical, what we have always believed, may not be true, all truth is relative Systems Theory – A Functionalist Perspective Marco level perspective Aka socioecological or systems theories All aspects of society (individuals, neighbourhoods, relationships/connections, cities, systems, etc.) are interdependent, contributing to stability and functioning of the society as a whole Order, stability and productivity if well functioning When not working, each level works together and adjust to create new order and stability to achieve what is best for the whole (Parada et al., 20 Systems Theory – A Functionalist Perspective Systems include subsystems Each system responds to external influences/other systems Valuable to understand systems to help communities and empower members to assert themselves and help one another Microsystem – Personal settings, such as family, friends, work, classroom Mesosystem – Interaction of immediate systems with one another, i.e., what happens at home affects participation in the classroom or work Exosystem – Larger institutions in society, i.e., government, religious organizations Macrosystem – Or culture, influences all the others systems including beliefs, acceptable behaviours, expectations etc. Chronosystem - Reflects changes over time (age of birth, generations, etc.) (Parada et al., 20 Systems theory consistent with Ecological Perspective The focus is on survival and growth Unmet need = imbalance, which leads to action to meet need Change only occurs when those inside the system recognize the need and take action All systems operate in relationship with other systems and each is a part of the whole Social reality is quite complex and multiple systems operate simultaneously (Parada et al., 20 Locality development Rothman’s Three Models of Community Organization Social action Social planning https://www.menti.com/blce9e8co4oe Locality Development Neighbourhood level, wide range of people involved People can and want to work together, and when they do, good things come from it Community initiatives to identify and achieve desired community goals Mutual benefits/self-help People are the focus and collaborate to alleviate or improve issues Practitioner as catalyst and facilitator Outcomes include sustainable sharing of community resources among community members Examples: Neighbourhood Watch, Self-Help, Cooperative Housing, Community Gardens, Neighbourhood improvements Advantages and Criticisms of Locality Development Advantages Positive impacts for participants Positive impacts for the community Sustainability or potential for sustainability Criticisms Benefits at the local level have little impact on broader issues of structural oppression Expert vs Facilitator – doing “to”, not “with” Shadow side of citizen engagement – ‘squeaky wheel’, hidden agendas, politics, and economics Social Action https://www.menti.com/blbtcyypx9zx Social Action Organization of disadvantaged to make demands for social justice and take action against oppression The organization and use of pressure tactics by a group of people on their own behalf Practitioner as catalyst/agitator/activist/advocate Conflict, confrontation, and negotiation Intended outcomes are readjustment of power and resources Examples: Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) Take Back the Night - Worldwide effort to combat sexual violence & violence against women Women’s March in Washington, D.C. Social Action – Things to Consider Single issue focus Little impact on larger issues in the long term HOWEVER…. Produces results where more passive interventions failed Positive personal and community growth Article: Women's March on Washington draws h undreds of thousands to nation's capital This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC- Let’s Take a Break Social Planning https://www.menti.com/blw32hzo6mug Social Planning A technical process of problem solving by experts to plan for services, programs, policies, etc., to manage significant social problems Based on research, stats, data, reports and logical evaluation of needs Planning can “become disconnected from community” Community is an “object” of the intervention Practitioner is the expert planner and strategist Intended outcome is to improve services, programs, the community Example: Municipal Cultural planning, At risk Youth, Refugee and Immigration services, Neighbourhood Strategies, Education, Environmental planning is Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC Hope in Homes: Youth Housing Video Consider this…. What services, programs, policies, etc., were in effect here to manage the issue of housing for youth? is Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC Hope in Homes: Youth Housing Video Consider this…. What services, programs, policies, etc., were in effect here to manage the issue of housing for youth? Multiculturalism and Cultural Competence Multiculturalism – Canada recognizes, values and celebrates ethnic and cultural differences and encourages cultural exchanges What cultural festivals have you attended? Cultural Competence – “the capacity to respond appropriately to the various cultural environments in which we may participate” (Parada et al., 2021, p. 28) Cultural Competence is a value AND a skill Cross, Bazron, Dennis & Isaacs (1989) (as cited in Parada et al., 2021), argue that cultural competence should include the capacity to: Value diversity Conduct self-assessment Recognize and relate effectively to the dynamics of difference Acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge Develop adaptations to programs and services that will resonate with the cultural contexts of the individuals and communities served (p. 28) Photo by Duy Pham on Unsplash Multicultural Approaches Cultural exchange and harmony encouraged Cultural differences can provide challenges to communication and development of trust – without awareness of this, it can impede relationship development and sustainability Conflict and mistrust are heightened by historical interactions and oppression/power imbalances Acknowledge these to decrease mistrust and conflict and to be able to move forward (Parada et al., 20 Anti – Oppressive Approach Oppression – an unjust use of power For example, colonialism, racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, classism, ableism, etc. The Anti-Oppressive approach seeks to address prejudicial and inequitable relations individuals and communities face Structures are commonly at the root of these issues Almost all communities have faced some form of marginalization and exclusion Analyzing your own power and privilege in all interactions can help you to not contribute to oppressive practices We can intentionally or unintentionally contribute to this Addressing individual issues through the transformation of society Values include: Freedom, collectivism, self-determination, equity, participation, promoting social transformation and social justice and eradicating inequalities (Parada et al., 20 The Circle of Anti – Oppressive Practice To transform community work, we need to focus working on 3 major levels: 1) Theory/Knowledge 2) Education 3) Practice Everyday Experience/Activism Resistance Anti-Oppressive Practice Wisdom Theory Anti-Oppressive Anti-Oppressive Practice Anti-OppressiveKnowledge Education (Massaquoi, 2007, as cited in Parada et al., 2021) Image adapted from Parada et al., Common Themes in Anti-Oppressive Literature 1) Anti-Oppression perspective as an approach to practice Value-based and a desire to eradicate structural and intersecting inequalities 2) Multi-layered and holistic Refusal to separate the levels in order to always see the interconnections 3) A link between the personal and political Personal and political – problems are not “private”, rather they are “public”, belonging to and rooted in oppression 4) Focus on Process HOW things are done – focus on process is just as important as what is done – Inclusion 5) Promotion of Collective Action Only through collective action will social change occur 6) Promotion of social justice at the global/International level Along with interconnections between systems, approach also links practices at the global and Everyday Experience/Activism Resistance Anti-Oppressive Practice Wisdom Theory Anti-Oppressive Anti-Oppressive Practice Anti-OppressiveKnowledge Education (Image adapted from Parada et al., 2021), Breakout Rooms 6 rooms – Room 1, theme 1 and so on Groups will discuss their assigned Anti-Oppressive Practice Theme and explain it in their own works Then together, come up with an example of how this theme can be used to challenge inequalities and oppression in society How will you intervene and challenge inequities? Use the Circle of Anti-Oppressive Practice and Theory to support your answer Groups will share with the larger group This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Learning from Indigenous Peoples Change agents can learn from Indigenous world views Beliefs tied to concepts of community and importance of environment The medicine wheel is a tool used for teaching and learning – many variations of this This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA (Parada et al., 20 Foundational Concepts of Indigenous Perspectives Common themes relevant to community work: Wholeness Balance Connection Harmony Growth Healing It is important to recognize and discuss the impacts of colonization on Indigenous peoples and take action to support reclaiming and restoring their culture, land, language, relationships, health, etc. Effective community practice and change requires reflexivity and critical questioning of oneself and direct and indirect impacts and aspects of self and work (Parada et al., 2021, p. 42-44) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Empowerment Theory This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC An intervention methods which guides people toward achieving a sense of control Focuses on how oppression contributes to this experience Helps marginalized individuals, groups and community gain personal, interpersonal and political power Challenge systems obstruct equitable access to supports, services and a quality life (Virginia Commonwealth University, 2021) Blocks and Dimensions of Empowerment Direct Power Blocks Structures stopping individuals from achieving their goals Inequitable access to education, housing, employment etc. Social movements, programs, services to overcome marginalization Indirect Power Blocks Internalized oppression taking on negative messages received from others, historically, societally Challenge these and improve cognitions, selfesteem and selfconfidence Dimensions of Empowerment Awareness of self Understanding the complex systems (social, economic, political) individuals face and their roles within these environments. inspire collective action against direct and indirect barriers, policies, and systems through empowerment and organizing collective community action (Virginia Commonwealth University, Macro-level Tools of Empowerment 1) Political advocacy Engage government to change laws and policies that disproportionately impact marginalized or disadvantaged groups in negative ways 2) Program development Educate the public about social issues and engage community members 3) Research projects Identify and/or measure factors contributing to or effects of inequities, discrimination, and oppression to inform evidencebased practices (Virginia Commonwealth University, 2021) Recap Explained the concept and process of community intervention as a viable social service work intervention through different theory models (Functional, Sociological, Rothman’s Models of Community Organization Practice) Multiculturalism and Cultural Competence Learnings from Indigenous Perspectives Anti-Oppressive Approach Discussed the Empowerment Model and its key objectives Chapters 2 and 4 from Promoting Community Change: Making it happen in the real world (Parada et al., 2021) Next week ·Analyze the major phases of community intervention through types of action taken and evaluation of the process Analyze the value of partnerships and organizing and working with community groups Discuss advantages/disadvantages of community governance ·Read Chapter 8 from Promoting Community Change: Making it happen in the real world (Parada et al., 2021) See eConestoga Week 4 Module for Community Toolbox - Stakeholders and Community Leaders links to review Change Maker Assignment DUE References Community Tool Box. (2016, January 21). Understanding Perspectives on the Problem - Saginaw, Michigan [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/ZMdGRsV38RM Diverse Filmmakers Alliance. (2017, January 21). 2017 Women's March Short Film by DFA [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/40hrigs3Kpw Hamilton SPRC. (2013, February 13). Hope in Homes: Youth Housing Video. YouTube. https://youtu.be/CQHkx4BNV-U Indeed Editorial Team. (2021, May 6). What Does a Community Organizer Do? https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/what-doescommunity-organizer-do Parada, H., Barnoff, L., Moffatt, K., Homan, M. (2021). Promoting community change: Making it happen in the real world (1st Cdn. Ed.). Cengage Sprouts. (2021, December 1). Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: 5 Forces Impacting Our Lives [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/g6pUQ4EDHeQ Virginia Commonwealth University. (2021, January 6). Empowerment theory in social work. https://onlinesocialwork.vcu.edu/blog/empowermenttheory-in-social-work/