Sociological Perspectives and Anthropology PDF

THE SELF FROM VARIOUS SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES LESSON 2 SOCIOLOGY the study of collective behavior of people within society and focuses on social problems encountered by people It provides tools for understanding human experience and how society sh...

THE SELF FROM VARIOUS SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES LESSON 2 SOCIOLOGY the study of collective behavior of people within society and focuses on social problems encountered by people It provides tools for understanding human experience and how society shapes the person and vice versa  Society: Group of people sharing the same culture and interacting within a definite territory Culture: The way of life of a certain society a. Material Culture: Tangible objects such as SOCIETY AND clothes and tools CULTURE b. Nonmaterial Culture: Intangible part of culture such as beliefs, language, and norms  Mead’s theory of the self maintains that the conception a person holds of himself/herself in his/her mind emerges from social interaction with others SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM – the study of the SYMBOLIC patterns of communication, interpretation, and INTERACTIONISM adjustment between individuals GEORGE HERBERT the self and the mind are like social processes where MEAD gestures are taken in by the person and so with the collective attitudes of others and react accordingly with other organized attitudes The mind and the self are the products of communication process  The self is made of two components: the “I” and the “me” “I” SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM - the response of an individual to the attitudes of others GEORGE HERBERT - the individual’s impulses MEAD - represents the spontaneous, and unique traits of the individual - the subjective element and the active side of the self  The self is made of two components: the “I” and the “me” “Me” SYMBOLIC – represents the expectations and attitudes of others INTERACTIONISM organized into a social self GEORGE HERBERT - the accumulated understanding of the self of the MEAD perceptions of other people about one’s self - it is the objective element of the self - what is learned in the interaction with others and with the environment  the mind is the self-reflective movements of the interaction between the “I” (the knower) and the “me” (the known) The thinking process is the internalized dialogue SYMBOLIC between the “I” and the “me” INTERACTIONISM The self is socially constructed GEORGE HERBERT MEAD A person’s existence in a community comes before individual consciousness The self is a product of a symbolic and meaningful interaction within the society  Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead The self is dependent on the cultural practices and socialization process of a certain group. CULTURE AND PERSONALITY Studying a person’s personality can already provide us an idea of his or her cultural background and social upbringing and vice versa (Dia et al. 2014). SYMBOLIC AND INTERPRETIVE ANTHROPOLOGY Clifford James Geertz Symbols and meanings are made, communicated, and negotiated by people to make sense of their lives and interactions (Geertz n.d.). SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Social Institutions are Sets of ideas, norms, organized to address the practices, or mechanisms needs of a society, and organized and focused on they have a profound addressing the needs of effect on our concept of the community (McIntyre self. 2002). SAMPLE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTION Kinship or Family This is the most basic social institution of a society that organizes us based on our familial ties It can be based on blood-relations like sibling relations (consanguineal) by marriage like husband and wife (affinal) or social which relationships not falling under the first two, but you still consider the as family SAMPLE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTION Economics/Market This system aims to regulate the flow of resources and services. This ensures everyone gets a fair share if goods or that other person in need will get the service he or she needs in order to address a necessity. Ex: A committee in charge of food during a school activity. Their function is to ensure that everyone gets to eat. However, they must also calculate and announce the budget for it to be included in the registration process. SAMPLE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTION Politics/Government Composed of various organizations ensuring peace and order by legitimizing the use of power of certain people or groups. In the Philippines, the government is divided intro three equal branches: -The executive branch, headed by the President and who is in-charge of enforcing the law. -The Legislative branch, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, oversee creating, amending, or repealing those laws. -The Judiciary, led by the Supreme Court to interpret the laws and ensure that they are following the Constitution and basic human right SAMPLE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTION Education/School The basic function of the school is to ensure that the knowledge of the past and the culture of the society gets transmitted from one generation to another. It aims to produce people who can live harmoniously in the given social environment as well as able to be productive citizens to the economy. Thus, good education should be sought after. It does not only dictate a person's skill on the job, but it will also affect his or her behavior and attitude toward social issues and life in general.  Religion/Church This is an organize set of practices, symbols, and artifacts regarding the belief of the supernatural. SAMPLE OF Several reasons why people believe in the Supernatural SOCIAL Explanation of the unexplainable INSTITUTION Meaning and purpose of life Continuity of relationship with the people that we care about even after death among others.  LESSON 3 THE SELF FROM VARIOUS ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES  the science of human beings; especially the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture Provides the lens of the developmental advancement ANTHROPOLOGY society has made and how it has impacted generations who existed within that society Personality and culture are co-influenced Identity referred to a well-adjusted personality that emerges from the same, or identical, identification of self by self and other  The self is not an entity but a process that orchestrates an individual’s personal experience because of which, he or she becomes self-aware and self-reflective about his or her place in the surrounding world Concept of the self refers to an individual’s mental representation of his or her own person Concept of other refers to the mental representation of other persons The most crucial form of interaction and exchange takes place between the self and his or her cultural environment as mediated in social practices  In the postmodern perspective, the self is currently understood as fragmented, emergent or developing, relational or social, and culturally determined Cognitive anthropologists refer to cognitive schemata and cultural models that are shared by members of a society and internalized into the self The individual self continuously reconstitute or reconstruct into new selves in response to internal and external stimuli from the environment (Ewing, 1990) POSTMODERN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE The self continues to evolve or change as one’s culture or society evolves Millennials – born from 1980 to 1996 or 1997 Digital Natives/Generation Z – born from 1996/1997 to 2010 Generation Alpha/Alpha Gens – born from 2010 to present; the generation of artificial intelligence or AI As we immerse ourselves into different cultures, our personality evolves or changes also ASSESSMENT AND APPLICATION Using a concept map write down three social institutions that you What could be the things that you think you have big effects on your are doing that help transform the concept of self. Then, write down institutions you have written on what those effects are (i.e. attitude, the previous question? Cite one behavior, expressions, likes and example per institution. dislikes, beliefs, and so on).