Social Welfare Policies, Programs, and Services PDF

SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES, PROGRAMS AND SERVICES A L V. D E L A C R U Z , R S W P R O J E C T D E V E LO P M E N T O F F I C E R I I I N AT I O N A L C O M M I S S I O N O N S E N I O R C I T I Z E N ( N C S C ) S P U P S A S T E S O C I A L W O R K FA C U LT Y PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. Different Social Welfare Perspectives 2. Emerging Discourse on Social Welfare and Social Protection as it is practiced in the Philippine Context 3. Social Welfare Policies: Policy Making and Policy Implementation 4. International Legal Instruments -Conventions and Treaties (UNHCR, ,UNCRC, UNCEDAW,etc.)-ASEAN policies/ directions- etc. 5. National and Local Policies and Programs/ Services for the Poor, Vulnerable & Marginalized i.e. women, children, PWDs, migrant workers, labor sector, IPs, informal settlers, etc. 6. Public policy agenda & anatomy of public policy 7. National and Local Policies and Programs/ Services for the Poor, Vulnerable & Marginalized i.e. women, children, PWDs, migrant workers, labor sector, IPs, informal settlers, etc. 8. Tools for Policy Analysis and Policy Development (Selected Tools for Policy Analysis: Strategies, Techniques, Concepts, Operation & Application) 9. Review Of The Policy Making Process Flow (Four Models of Policy Making) and Ethical Considerations in SW Policy Making Different Social Welfare Perspectives a) Neoliberal Social Welfare b) Residual Social Welfare c) Institutional Welfare d) Developmental Social Welfare e) Social Welfare, Social Development & Sustainable Development Definition of Terms relative to Social Welfare, Social Development & Sustainable Development ⚫Social Services- refers to the programs, services and other activities provided under various auspices, to concretely answer the needs and problems of the members of the society. ⚫Social Welfare Programs- these are plans of action of a certain service or activities. ⚫Development-as causing something to unfold, to grow, to change for the, and to be realized. ⚫Economic Development-the goal is seen in terms of the economic measures of the national output per capita income. ⚫Policy- the explicit or implicit standing plan that an organization or government uses as guide for action. ⚫Social Welfare Policy- the activities and principles of a society that guide the way it intervenes and regulates relationships between individuals, groups, communities, and social institutions. These principles and activities are the result of the society’s values and customs and largely determine the distribution of resources and level of well being of its people. Thus, social policy includes plans, and programs in education, health care, crime and corrections, economic security, and social welfare made by governments, voluntary organizations, and the people in general. It also includes social perspectives that result in society’s rewards and constraints. a) Neoliberal Social Welfare Neo-liberal social welfare" is a term that encapsulates a blend of neo-liberal economic principles with social welfare policies. Neo-liberalism is an economic philosophy that emphasizes limited government intervention in the economy, free market principles, privatization, deregulation, and a focus on individual responsibility. Social welfare, on the other hand, pertains to government programs and policies designed to provide assistance and support to individuals and families in need. Neoliberalism – A policy model that encompasses both politics and economics and seeks to transfer the control of economic factors from public sector to the private sector. Examples of neo-liberal social welfare policies includes: 1.Privatization of social services such as healthcare, education, or social security. 2.Implementing market-based mechanisms like vouchers or subsidies to allow individuals to purchase services from private providers. 3.Shifting towards conditional cash transfer programs that require recipients to meet certain criteria or participate in specific activities to receive benefits. 4.Deregulation of labor markets, potentially leading to increased flexibility but also potentially weakening workers' rights and protections. 5.Tax cuts or incentives aimed at stimulating economic growth and job creation. b. Residual Social Welfare means attend primary to emergency and the use of quality and quantity measures were necessary for human development. Residual social welfare" refers to a form of social welfare provision that is characterized by limited and targeted intervention by the government to address only the most extreme cases of poverty or need. In a residual welfare system, the primary responsibility for social welfare provision is placed on individuals, families, and voluntary organizations, with government assistance being seen as a last resort for those who are unable to meet their basic needs through other means. Two (2) views of Social Welfare 1. Residual Formulation – conceives of the social welfare stricture as temporary, offered during emergency situations and withdrawn when the regular social system is again working properly. Often carry the stigma of doles or charity 2. Institutional Formulation – Social Welfare as a proper, legitimate function of modern society. That some individuals are not able to meet all their needs is considered “normal” condition and helping agencies are accepted as “regular” social institutions. Our own Philippine Constitution (1987) reflects the institutional view in the following words: The state shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living and an improved quality of life for all. Characteristics of residual social welfare systems 1. Eligibility for government assistance is typically determined based on an individual's or family's income and assets, with benefits targeted only to those who fall below a certain threshold. 2. Benefits provided by the government tend to be minimal and often focused on meeting basic needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare. 3. Residual welfare systems are designed to assist only the most disadvantaged individuals, there can be a stigma associated with receiving government assistance, as it may be seen as a sign of personal failure or inadequacy. 4. Residual welfare systems may have limited coverage, leaving many individuals and families without access to needed assistance. This can result in gaps in the social safety net and leave vulnerable populations at risk. 5. Residual welfare systems often emphasize the importance of individual responsibility and self-sufficiency, with the expectation that individuals will take personal initiative to improve their circumstances and rely on government assistance only as a last resort. C. Institutional Welfare Perspective - a system of programs, benefits and services that help people meet those social, economic, education and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society. ⚫ Views people ‘s needs as a normal part of life. ⚫ Society has responsibility to support its members and provide needed benefits and services. ⚫ Its not the people’s fault that they require such services, but rather an expected part of the human condition. ⚫ People have the right to receive benefits and services on an ongoing basis In the Philippines, Institutional Social Welfare had provided ⚫ Society set up permanent provisions to meet basic human needs such as public health, public education, public housing ⚫ Social welfare defines social welfare activities as a frontline functions of modern industrial society in a positive collaborative role with other major social institutions working towards better society ⚫ Inindustrial society- there are certain hazards over which the individual has no control e.g. disability, old age, death, illness, unemployment, worldwide economic depression ⚫ Therefore provisions must be made to anticipate such occurrence ⚫ Social insurance was created e.g. GSIS, SSS, Philhealth ⚫ Social Welfare Policies were also created Developmental Social Welfare Developmental social welfare refers to a framework and set of policies aimed at promoting the well-being and development of individuals, families, and communities across the lifespan. Unlike traditional approaches to social welfare that primarily focus on providing assistance and support to those in need, developmental social welfare emphasizes proactive measures to address the underlying causes of social problems and to foster positive growth and change. SIX PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIAL WELFARE 1.Prevention, Promotion, Transformative, Protective 2.Strengths-Based and Empowerment 3.Social Justice and Equity 4.Strengths-Based Approach 5.Holistic Perspective and Participative 6.Partnership and Collaboration (Convergence Approach to Development) Social Welfare Programs Four (4) categories: 1. Social Security – refers to the whole set of compulsory measures instituted to protect the individual and his family against the consequences of unavoidable interruption or serious diminution of the earned income disposable for the maintenance of reasonable standard of living. 2. Personal Social Services – refers to service functions which have major bearing upon personal problems individual situation stress, interpersonal helping or helping people in need, and the provision of direct services on collaboration with workers from government and voluntary agencies. 3. Public Assistance – refers to material/concrete aids/supports provided, usually by government agencies to people who have no income or means of support for themselves and their families for reason and such as loss of employment, natural disasters etc. In foreign countries, public assistance is simply called as “Welfare”. 4. Social Services – refers to the, services and other activities provided under various auspices, to concretely answer the needs and problems of the members of society. Three (3) Reason/s for Providing Social (Welfare) Services? 1. Humanitarian and social Justice Goals – rooted in the democratic ideal of social justice, and is based on the belief that man has the potential to realize himself except that physical, social economic, psychological and other factors sometimes hinder or prevent him from realizing his potential. 2. Social Control Goal – based on the recognition that needy, deprived, or disadvantaged groups may strike out, individually and/or collectively against what they consider to be alienating or offending society. 3. Economic Development Goal – places priority on those programs designed to support increases in the production of goods and services, and other resources that will contribute to economic development. Social Development Social Development- goals are seen in terms of raising the levels or standard of living of the population which is concretely expressed in the allocation of goods and services that make it possible for the people attain minimum but satisfactory standards of health and well being. Social development refers to the process through which individuals, groups, and societies enhance their capacities to meet their needs, improve their well-being, and achieve their full potential in social, economic, and political domains. It encompasses various aspects of human interaction, relationships, and behavior within the context of social structures, norms, and institutions. Philosophical and value perspectives on social responsibility and social welfare which affect policy formulation Philosophical and value perspectives play a significant role in shaping views on social responsibility and social welfare, which in turn influence policy formulation. These philosophical and value perspectives often intersect and sometimes conflict, leading to debates over the appropriate role of government, the allocation of resources, and the design of social welfare programs. Policy formulation involves navigating these diverse perspectives to develop solutions that balance competing interests and advance shared societal goals. Libertarianism Utilitarianism Egalitarianism Communitarianism From a libertarian Utilitarianism prioritizes the Egalitarian Communitarian perspective, there is a greatest good for the greatest perspectives perspectives stress the strong emphasis on number of people. In the emphasize equality individual freedom and context of social welfare, and fairness, importance of minimal government utilitarian perspectives may advocating for the community and social intervention. This support policies that reduction of social cohesion. They viewpoint often leads to maximize overall well-being disparities and the prioritize the well-being skepticism about expansive and reduce suffering, even if promotion of equal of the community as a social welfare programs, as it involves redistributing opportunities for all they may be seen as resources or imposing individuals. Policies whole over individual infringing upon individual regulations to achieve social informed by interests, often liberties or requiring goals. egalitarian values advocating for policies coerced redistribution of may focus on that foster mutual wealth. redistributive responsibility and measures to address economic inequality collective action to and ensure that basic address social needs are met for problems. everyone. Human Rights Ethical Altruism Conservatism Feminist Ethics A human rights Ethical altruism Conservative Feminist ethics highlight the perspective places a emphasizes the perspectives tend to importance of gender strong emphasis on moral obligation to prioritize traditional equity and recognizing the the inherent dignity help others and values, individual unique experiences and and worth of every alleviate suffering, responsibility, and needs of marginalized individual, as well as regardless of self- limited government groups. Policies informed by their entitlement to interest. This intervention. While feminist perspectives on certain fundamental perspective often acknowledging the social welfare aim to rights and freedoms. underpins arguments importance of social address gender disparities, Social welfare policies in favor of robust welfare, conservative combat discrimination, and informed by human social welfare viewpoints may favor promote inclusive and rights principles aim programs and more targeted, intersectional approaches to to protect and policies aimed at localized approaches social justice. promote these rights, addressing systemic and rely more heavily such as access to injustices and on private charity healthcare, education, supporting those in and community- housing, and social need. based solutions. Conservatism. The philosophy that individuals are responsible for themselves, that government should provide minimal interference in people’s lives and that change is generally unnecessary (Jansson, 2003) Principles of conservatism 1. It is each individual’s responsibility to work and succeed 2. Failure to succeed is generally the individual’s fault. 3. The government should not interfere unless absolutely necessary. Liberalism. Is the philosophy that supports government involvement in the social, political and economic structure so that all people’s rights and privileges are protected in the name of social justice (Jansson, 2003) 1. It is society’s responsibility to care for and support its members 2. Failure to succeed generally is due to complex, unfair stresses and problems in the environment. 3. It is government’s responsibility to support its citizens and help them cope with the stresses and problems in their environment. Radicalism. The philosophy that the social and political system as it stands is not structurally capable of truly pursuing social justice. Radicalism is a political and social philosophy that challenges the status quo and advocates for fundamental change in the existing social, economic, and political systems. At its core, radicalism asserts that the current structures and institutions are inherently flawed and unable to achieve genuine social justice or address systemic inequalities. Instead, radical perspectives argue that more profound transformations are necessary to create a fairer and more equitable society. Sustainable Development Sustainable development refers to an approach that seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This involves integrating social, economic, and environmental considerations to promote long-term well-being and resilience for individuals, communities, and societies. Relevance and significance of Sustainable Development 1. It emphasizes equity and inclusion, ensuring that social welfare programs and policies reach all members of society, especially the most vulnerable and marginalized groups. 2. It aims to lessen the effects of poverty in all its forms and dimensions. 3. It prioritizes health and well-being as essential components of human development 4.It recognizes the importance of education and skills development in empowering individuals and fostering economic opportunities. 4. It requires promoting environmental sustainability and addressing climate change and environmental degradation. 5. It aims to build resilient communities that can withstand and recover from shocks and stresses, such as natural disasters, economic crises, and social disruptions Emerging Discourse on Social Welfare and Social Protection as it is practiced in the Philippine Context Definition of Terms 1. Risk - refers to the probability of harmful consequences or expected losses resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. These are uncertain events that may damage someone’s well-being towards becoming poor. 2. Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (RVA) – refers to providing information on the prevalence of risks and vulnerabilities, vulnerable groups affected, impacts of the risks on their lives and the adaptation strategies employed. 3. Social Protection – refers to policies and programs that seek to reduce poverty and vulnerability to risks and enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized by promoting and protecting livelihood and employment, protecting against hazards and sudden loss of income, and improving people’s capacity to manage risks. 4. Social Protection Action Plan – refers to the re-entry plan of the LGU participants during the Trainer’s Training and Roll out Training on the Use of SP Handbook which consist of activities, timeframe, resources needed and responsible person/office. 5. Social Protection and Development Report (SPDR) – refers to the report that will provide a comprehensive source of information on the current situation of a municipality/city/province/region based on the demographics, ecological profile, risks and vulnerabilities with corresponding SP strategies, gaps in the implementation of LGU mechanisms and relevant recommendations of the local SP Team that can be used for LGU planning and budgeting. Definition of Terms 6.. Social Protection Handbook - refers to the handbook which serves as the primary reference of LGUs, CSOs and government agencies in implementing social protection programs and projects. 7. Social Protection Vulnerability and Adaptation Manual (SPVAM) - refers to the manual which serves as a tool for assessing the risks and vulnerabilities at the local level and identifying adaptive strategies and capacities for social protection implemented at the local level. 8. Social Protection Team - refers to the local core team for social protection, chaired by the Local Chief Executive and assisted by the Provincial/City/Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer (MSWDO) and Provincial/City/Municipal Planning and Development Officer (MPDO) together with Provincial/City/Municipal Health Officer (P/C/MHO), Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Officer (LDRRMO) and other representatives from various offices. 9. Vulnerable – refers to individuals, families, households and communities that are currently non-poor but will fall below the poverty line or will become poor if hazards occur. 10. Vulnerability - – refers to the condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increases the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Key Concepts NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 1 Series of 2007 (Official Definition) Social Protection (SP) constitutes policies and programs that seek to reduce poverty and vulnerability to risks and enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized by promoting and protecting livelihood and employment, protecting against hazards and sudden loss of income, and improving people’s capacity to manage risks. Why we need Social Protection? Filipino families, whether poor or non-poor, face various economic, environmental and human-made risks. Managing such risks is important for families to prevent them from falling into, falling deeper, and trapped into, poverty. Many poor are being left behind. Enhanced Social Protection Operational Framework (SPOF) SOCIAL PROTECTION "policies and programs that seek to reduce poverty, inequality and vulnerability to risks and enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized by promoting and protecting livelihood and employment, protecting against hazards and sudden loss of income, and improving people's capacity to manage risks" (SDC Resolution No. 1, series of 2007) Overview Uses a risk-management approach Universality as the ideal target; recognizing human rights Convergence as essential point of coordination Takes a transformative role addressing drivers that cause and perpetuate poverty, social exclusivity, and vulnerability to risks RDC Resolution No. 11 Series of 2022 entitled “Supporting and Adopting the Enhanced Social Protection Operational Framework of the Philippines” approved RDC Full Council on 13 December 2022 Objectives of Social Protection to contribute to an improved quality of life through substantial reductions in poverty, inequality, and vulnerability; and the inclusion of the marginalized in the development process Create mechanisms and institutions to Protect and prevent people's income promote social inclusion and mitigate from declining from their current income social vulnerabilities and discrimination levels due to various risk factors Generate support from government and Build capacity and adaptability to other sectors to ensure sustained ensure that better quality of life is standards of living despite exposure to maintained and sustained different types of risks Expand employment opportunities Include indigenous people or cultural through policies, income generation integration in every social protection expansion, and improved human capital program and strategy investment Key Elements: Types of Risks Types of Risks Key Elements: Government Responses 1 2 Government Responses 3 4 Types of Social Risks and Vulnerabilities Social Risks Vulnerabilities Individual hunger, illness, disability, old Life-cycle age, death Economic unemployment, underemployment, low and irregular incomes; economic crises Environmental typhoons, drought, floods, and Natural earthquakes, volcanic eruption Political and armed conflicts, crime, Governance corruption, social exclusion and discrimination Types of Government Responses: Social Protection Programs (ADB, 2001) Components Target Vulnerable Groups Programs Labor Market Employed, unemployed, Active Labor Market Programs. underemployed (formal and Passive Labor Market Programs, Interventions informal) Labor Standards Social Sick, elderly, widowed, Unemployment insurance, work PWDs, pregnant women, injury insurance, health insurance, Insurance maternity and retirement insurance unemployed PWDs, IPs, drug dependents, Welfare and social services, cash or orphans, single parent HHs, in-kind transfers, temporary Social Welfare IDPs, elderly, widowed, subsidies, safeguard measures pregnant women, unemployed Micro and Area Rural and urban informal Microcredit and micro-insurance, communities at risk crop insurance, social funds, based CBDRM Schemes Child Children and youth (0-18 ECCD, school feeding programs, years) youth programs, street children Protection programs, child rights advocacy, family allowances Vulnerable Groups Affected by Major Social Risks in Phil. Group or Sector Risks and Vulnerabilities Children: 0 – 5 years old Illness and death, hunger and malnutrition, stunted growth 6 – 17 years old Poor education quality Low human capital, unemployment and Youth: 18 – 30 years old underemployment, substance abuse Elderly: 60 years old and above Illness and death, low or lack of income Large family size, domestic violence, Women unemployment and underemployment Low human capital, unemployment and People with disabilities (PWDs) underemployment, lack of access to services Dislocation due to armed conflicts, natural disasters, development projects, lack of Indigenous People shelter and housing, access to water and sanitation Dislocation due to armed conflicts, natural Rural and Urban Informal disasters and demolitions, lack of shelter and Communities housing, access to water and sanitation Key Elements: Coverage: Targeted/Prioritized and Progressive Realization Social Protection Floor Towards Universal Coverage To progressively realize social protection coverage of all citizens, four social security guarantees to be defined at the national level consist of the following: Access to essential health care, including maternity care Basic income security for children, providing access to nutrition, education, care and any other necessary goods and services Basic income security for persons in active age who are unable to earn sufficient income, in particular in cases of sickness, employment, maternity and specially those with disability Basic income security for older persons Principles of Social Protection Right-Based (SP is a Basic Human Rights) Inclusive (Transparent and participatory approaches should be ensured in the planning, programming and budgeting, implementation, monitoring and evaluation processes of social protection at all levels) Transformative (Measures seek to address concerns of social equity and exclusion) FOUR FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION 3.The transformative function goes beyond addressing 1.The protective function aims to provide immediate and immediate needs and seeks to bring about broader social and direct assistance to individuals and families who are already economic changes to reduce inequalities and promote in poverty or vulnerable to falling into poverty due to various inclusive development. This can involve policy reforms, shocks or crises. Examples include social assistance programs institutional changes, and advocacy efforts aimed at like cash transfers, food assistance, and emergency relief addressing structural barriers to social and economic efforts. The protective function seeks to alleviate immediate advancement, such as discrimination, unequal access to suffering and prevent individuals and families from falling resources, and power imbalances. The transformative deeper into poverty during times of crisis. function aims to create a more equitable and just society where all individuals have equal opportunities to thrive. 4. The promotive function of social protection aims to 2.The preventive function focuses on reducing the likelihood empower individuals and communities to improve their of people becoming vulnerable to poverty or experiencing well-being over the long term. This involves providing adverse outcomes in the future. This can involve measures support for initiatives that enhance people's skills, such as access to quality education, healthcare services, and capacities, and resilience, such as vocational training employment opportunities. By investing in preventive programs, microfinance schemes, and entrepreneurship measures, social protection programs aim to address the root development initiatives. The promotive function seeks to causes of poverty and vulnerability, thereby reducing the need enable individuals to lift themselves out of poverty and for more extensive assistance in the future. build sustainable livelihoods. Four Types of Government Responses by Objective Preventive done before risk occurs; mainly reducing the probability of risk occurring (e.g. vaccination, preventive health care) Mitigating help individuals reduce the impact of future risky event (e.g. crop and health insurance; savings and food storage) Coping mechanisms alleviate impact of risk once it occurred (e.g. dissaving, relief and rehabilitation) Adapting mechanisms/resilience prepare individuals and households for the next shock and risk (e.g. disaster preparedness, networks, fund availability, etc.) Social Protection Handbook Social Policy is a goal driven problem solving and collective strategy that prevents and addresses social problems. Definition of Social Policy: – Is a guide for a settled course of action composed of collective decisions directly concerned with promoting the well-being of all or part of the population. – Rules that govern people’s lives and dictate expectations for behavior. – Principles that govern action directed toward given ends-changing situations systems, practices, behavior; is problem and action-oriented. Policy Practice as efforts to change policies in legislative, agency, and community settings, whether by establishing new policies, improving existing ones, or defeating the policy initiatives of other people. Public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not to do. Globalization refers to an extensive network of economic; cultural; social & political interconnections & processes which routinely transcend national boundaries. Economic globalization entails the emergence of new patterns in the international transfer of products and knowledge; also refers to changes in capital and labor flows; production systems & trade in goods & services Socio-cultural globalization is primarily the consciousness of and response to globalization which affects & permeates the lives of people and societies Political globalization refers to the changing global context of political awareness; processes and activities. SWD Issuances – These are the draft bills, position papers and policy papers/notes that aims to address issues at the national level. These issuances pertain to Social Protection, PDP, Inputs to Country Statement on International/Regional Concerns and National SWD Laws. Policy Guidelines – these are rules and regulations to carry out agency mandate. It is designed to supplement provisions of a certain law and to provide means for implementing the law. Policy Agenda – A document that outlines SWD issues and concerns that need appropriate policy responses from the social welfare agency. Policy Analysis – Refers to the process and strategies employed in identifying [policy alternatives to address a particular SWD issue/concern vis-à-vis the mandate and long term goals of the agency. Policy Development Framework: Refers to the set of principles, long term goals, processes and strategies that are undertaken or considered when making rules and guidelines. It provides an overall direction in the formulation and issuance of DSWD policy guidelines. Legislative Agenda – A document which outlines the legislative priorities of government agency for the current Congress. It contains, among others, the government priority legislations, legislations requiring major participation and legislations requiring the government agencies inputs. Policy Demand refers to the expressed need or desire for a particular policy or change in policy by individuals, groups, or organizations. It signifies the call for action to address a specific issue or problem within society. Policy Decision is the outcome of the policymaking process where authorities or decision- makers select a specific course of action or set of actions to address a particular policy issue or problem. Policy Statement is a formal declaration or articulation of a government's or organization's position, intentions, objectives, or guidelines regarding a specific policy area or issue. It provides clarity on the goals, principles, and strategies underlying a particular policy or set of policies. Policy Output refers to the tangible or observable products, actions, or decisions produced as a result of the policymaking process. It encompasses the formal implementation of policies, including laws, regulations, programs, initiatives, or projects aimed at addressing identified policy issues or achieving specific policy goals. Policy Outcome refers to the actual effects, impacts, or consequences of implemented policies on individuals, communities, or society as a whole. It assesses the extent to which policy objectives are achieved, intended benefits or changes are realized, and any unintended or unforeseen outcomes occur. SAMPLE POLICY DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK The Policy Development Framework sets the different component, approaches and strategies in discussions or mainstreaming current and emerging SWD issues. It also includes the gaps identified in existing DSWD policies and programs. The framework is expected to pave way to the development of more responsive DSWD guidelines that would ultimately contribute to the goal of having an improved quality of life of the poor, marginalized and vulnerable sectors. 1.Policy Discussion Paper: A policy document that focuses on the following: a. Current Issues Needing Attention or issuance of a new policy b. Existing Policy but needs to be amended in some aspects citing gaps in policy implementation; c. Alternative actions/policy options or recommendations to address emerging concerns/issue. These papers are submitted to concerned office/agency as basis for enhancement of existing guideline or as possible or as possible subjects for discussion in policy for a or policy study sessions. 2. Policy Notes: A policy document that reviews existing policy intervention, elaborates shortcoming/gaps of policy interventions, provide a breakdown of specific steps or measures to address the policy issue in focus, and emphasizes the importance of taking action. 3. Position Paper: A policy document that presents and or clarifies the stand of DSWD on specific SWD Issues. The paper also provides possible policy options as well as a plan of action that can be undertaken by DSWD to address the issue in focus. Policy Development Description and Analysis Strategies 1. Round Table An inter-office/agency meeting to discuss and brainstorm about emerging Discussion (RTDs) issues needing policy interventions. 2. Policy Forum An activity where issues presented by experts and discussion with relevant agencies and organizations aimed at gathering or developing concrete policy recommendations and plan of action to address an emerging SWD issue or an identified gap in the implementation of an SWD law. 3. Stakeholder A consultative activity aimed at involving social welfare and development Consultation stakeholders in identifying SWD issues requiring actions, policy recommendations and options to address emerging concerns of SWD sector. The primary objective of the consultation is the determination of current/intervening SWD issues faced by SWD sector which are not included in the Policy Agenda but need immediate policy action the social welfare agency. 4. Policy Study Session A discussion workshop for selected internal staff (National/Regional) and, attached agencies aimed at providing a venue to discuss and analyze current SWD policy WHAT IS SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY? A subset of social policy. Societal responses to specific needs and problems such as poverty, etc. Policies that affects distribution of resources. Refers to a specific area of the social work curriculum - a practice area: policy advocacy. Laws & regulations govern which social welfare exist, what categories of clients are served and who qualifies for a given program: so includes standards. Social welfare programs are putting into action or implementation of social welfare policy. Social welfare policy must embody empowerment and the delivery of public welfare services must reflect an intent to empower the individual. WHAT ARE THE MULTIPLE LEVELS OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY? 1. Macro-level policy – these are broad laws, regulations, guidelines that provide basic framework for the provision of services and benefits. 2. Mezzo-level policy – these are administrative policy that organizations generate to direct and regularize operations 3. Micro-level policy – these translate macro and mezzo level policies into actual service to clients; social workers as “street-level bureaucrats” THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES: 1.Public policy – action usually undertaken by government directed at a particular goal and legitimated by the commitment of public resources 2. Administrative policy – policies within the context of a particular problem, program administrative orders, guidelines, directives 3. Agency policy – policies governing the social agency from which rules, procedures & regulations are based i.e. target clientele, programs/services, methods of implementing & evaluation WHAT ARE THE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN THE SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM THAT ARE OFTEN THE TARGETS OF POLICY REFORM IN SPECIFIC AGENCIES, IN SPECIFIC SERVICE NETWORKS, OR IN LEGISLATION ESTABLISHING NEW PROGRAMS AND SERVICES? The following are the major problems in the human services system that are often the targets of policy reform in specific agencies, in specific service networks, or in legislation establishing new programs and services. Major Problems Description 1. Fragmentation Barriers make it difficult for clients or consumers to obtain services from multiple programs. 2. Discontinuity Clients cannot obtain consistent, accessible services over a period of time. 3. Lack of access Barriers make services hard to use at specific sites. 4. Discrimination Service providers are antagonistic or indifferent to specific kinds of clients 5. Creaming Providers deliberately seek clients with less serious problems. 6. Wastage Different providers serve the same population for the same problem, or services are not provided efficiently. 7. Lack of outreach. Providers make little effort to seek persons who do not currently use services. 8. Incompetent staff Staff are asked to perform tasks for which they have little training. 9. Lack of cultural Providers make little effort to match their services to the cultural perspectives sensitivity of the clients they serve such as by having bilingual staff or staff versed in specific cultures. 10. Inadequate Services are funded at such low levels that important activities are funding compromised or deleted. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POLICY MAKING? WHAT ARE THE FACTORS INFLUENCE POLICY MAKING? Influential Factors Details/Description 1. Values, Beliefs, Policies often reflect the values, beliefs, and principles of the individuals or and Principles groups in power. 2. Political Priorities Political priorities play a significant role in shaping policy agendas. Elected officials often focus on issues that are important to their constituents or that align with their party's platform. 3. Stakeholders/ Stakeholders, including interest groups, corporations, advocacy organizations, Organized and community groups, exert influence on policymaking through lobbying, Interests campaign contributions, and grassroots activism. 4. Public Opinion Public opinion can shape policy decisions through elections, public consultations, and opinion polls. Policymakers often consider public sentiment when crafting policies to ensure they have support from the electorate. 5. Outcomes of The effectiveness and outcomes of existing policies can influence future policy Current Policies decisions. If a policy fails to achieve its intended goals or has unintended negative consequences, policymakers may revise or replace it with alternative approaches. Rational Group Comprehensive Incremental Model Model Model Elite Institutional Network Model Model Model 1. RATIONAL-COMPREHENSIVE MODEL This model assumes that policymakers Example: Healthcare Reform Policy (ie. UHC Law, also engage in a rational decision-making known as Republic Act No. 11223) process by identifying and evaluating all possible alternatives based on a This model involves a systematic approach to comprehensive analysis of available policymaking, where policymakers identify a information, objectives, and problem (e.g., lack of universal healthcare consequences. coverage), conduct thorough analysis and research on various policy options, evaluate each option The preferred alternative is then selected based on criteria such as effectiveness, efficiency, based on its ability to achieve the and equity, and then select the most optimal desired goals efficiently. This model solution. emphasizes systematic problem-solving and cost-benefit analysis but may not In the case of healthcare reform, policymakers may always reflect the complexities and analyze different healthcare systems worldwide, uncertainties of real-world policy conduct cost-benefit analyses, and consider public decisions. opinion surveys to design a comprehensive policy that aims to provide affordable and accessible healthcare for all citizens. 2. INCREMENTAL MODEL The incremental model recommends Example: Education Curriculum Reform ie. that policy changes occur gradually Republic Act No. 10533 or An Act enhancing through small, incremental the Philippine basic education system, adjustments to existing policies rather Republic Act No. 10533, the Enhanced than through radical or Education Act of 2013 K12 comprehensive reforms. In the context of education curriculum reform, Policymakers typically make policymakers may introduce incremental decisions based on past policies, changes to the curriculum based on ongoing making incremental adjustments feedback from educators, students, and based on feedback, experience, and parents. These changes could include changing circumstances. This model updating textbooks, adding new subjects or recognizes the limitations of available modules, or revising teaching methodologies resources, political constraints, and gradually over several years to adapt to the need for stability and continuity in evolving educational needs and priorities. policymaking. 3. GROUP MODEL This model views policymaking Example: Environmental Conservation Policy (ie as the outcome of interactions Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003), among various interest groups Clean Air Act Of 1999 (RA 8749), Clean Water Act (RA 9275) competing to advance their preferences and interests. The group model emphasizes the involvement of various interest groups, stakeholders, and advocacy Policymakers act as organizations in the policymaking process. intermediaries between these groups, balancing competing For example, when developing environmental demands and negotiating conservation policies, policymakers may convene compromises to reach decisions. meetings and consultations with environmental NGOs, industry representatives, scientific experts, and This model emphasizes the community leaders to gather diverse perspectives, importance of power dynamics, negotiate interests, and build consensus on measures to lobbying, and coalition-building protect natural resources, reduce pollution, and in shaping policy outcomes. promote sustainable development. 4. ELITE MODEL The elite model theorizes that Example: Taxation Reform Policy (RA 10963 Tax policymaking is primarily Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) and controlled by a small group of RA 9337 Value Added Tax Reform Law) elites, such as political leaders, The elite model suggests that policymaking is policymakers, and influential primarily influenced by a small group of political and individuals or organizations. economic elites who hold significant power and influence. According to this model, the preferences and interests of elites In the case of taxation policy, decisions on tax rates, largely determine policy decisions, exemptions, and incentives are often shaped by with limited input from the broader discussions and negotiations among government public. It highlights the officials, business leaders, wealthy individuals, and concentration of power and lobbyists representing corporate interests. These influence among a select few in elites may use their resources and connections to advance policies that align with their economic society. interests and ideologies. 5. INSTITUTIONAL MODEL The institutional model focuses on the role Example: Criminal Justice Reform Policy (ie. RA 9344 of formal institutions, such as government or the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act”) agencies, legislative bodies, and The institutional model focuses on the role of formal bureaucratic structures, in shaping policy outcomes. institutions, such as government agencies, courts, and legislatures, in shaping policymaking It emphasizes the rules, procedures, and processes. organizational arrangements that govern For example, in criminal justice reform, the policymaking process, including the policymakers may establish special commissions, division of labor, decision-making task forces, or government committees to study authority, and coordination mechanisms. issues such as prison overcrowding, racial This model highlights the influence of disparities in sentencing, or rehabilitation programs. institutional factors on policy formulation, implementation, and enforcement. These institutional bodies may conduct hearings, gather expert testimony, and propose legislative reforms to address systemic challenges within the criminal justice system. 6. NETWORK MODEL The network model emphasizes Example: Public Health Emergency Response (COVID 19 Pandemic) Republic Act 11469, Bayanihan to Heal As the importance of relationships, One Act networks, and collaboration among various actors, including The network model emphasizes collaboration and coordination among multiple organizations, agencies, government agencies, non- and stakeholders to address complex policy issues. governmental organizations, businesses, and community In the context of public health emergency response, policymakers may activate a network of government groups, in shaping policy agencies (e.g., health departments, emergency outcomes. It views policymaking management agencies), healthcare providers, non-profit as a dynamic process of organizations, volunteer groups, and international partners to coordinate efforts in containing disease interaction and negotiation within outbreaks, distributing vaccines, providing medical care, interconnected networks of and communicating public health guidelines to the actors with diverse interests and public. This network-based approach allows for rapid mobilization of resources and expertise across different resources. sectors to address urgent health threats. Redistributive policies involve Regulatory policies involve the Distributive policies the transfer of resources or establishment of rules, involve the allocation of standards, and regulations by wealth from one group or resources or benefits to segment of society to another governments to govern the specific groups, to reduce disparities, promote behavior, conduct, or activities individuals, or regions social justice, or address of individuals, businesses, within society. income inequality. organizations, or industries. Regulatory Distributive Redistributive Policy Policy Policy Distributive policies often involve Redistributive policies may include progressive Regulatory Policy include government spending or investment in taxation systems, social welfare programs environmental regulations, consumer areas such as education, healthcare, (such as unemployment benefits, food protection laws, labor standards, and infrastructure, social welfare programs, assistance, and housing subsidies), and financial regulations aimed at and economic development initiatives. income support measures designed to alleviate safeguarding the public interest and poverty and enhance economic equality. promoting accountability. Generic Policy Formulation Process Problem Consultation Agenda Identification & Policy, Setting and Policy Stakeholder Design and Formulation Engagement Analysis Venus has a beautiful Venus name, but also very high temperatures Policy Venus Policy Mars Decision Review and Policy Monitoring & Implementation Making and Revision Adoption Evaluation The generic policy formulation process involves several stages that are common across various fields and contexts. While specific details may vary depending on the nature of the policy, the stakeholders involved, and the socio-political environment, the following overview provides a general framework: Stages/Steps Description 1.Agenda Setting This initial stage involves identifying and prioritizing issues that require policy intervention. Various factors such as public opinion, expert advice, political considerations, and crisis situations can influence what gets placed on the policy agenda. 2. Problem Once an issue is on the agenda, policymakers conduct thorough research and Identification and analysis to understand the problem's nature, causes, consequences, and potential Analysis solutions. This stage often involves gathering data, consulting experts, conducting surveys, and assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of different policy options. 3. Policy In this stage, policymakers develop specific policy proposals aimed at addressing Formulation the identified problem. This involves determining the objectives of the policy, defining the target population or area of intervention, outlining the proposed actions or measures, and considering the potential costs, benefits, and trade-offs associated with each option. Stages/Steps Description 4. Consultation Policymakers typically seek input and feedback from various stakeholders, and Stakeholder including government agencies, advocacy groups, industry representatives, Engagement affected communities, and the general public. Engaging stakeholders helps ensure that the policy is well-informed, feasible, and enjoys broader support. 5. Decision- Based on the analysis, consultations, and political considerations, policymakers Making and make decisions about which policy option to pursue. This may involve Adoption negotiating compromises, reconciling conflicting interests, and obtaining approval from relevant authorities or decision-making bodies. 6. Policy Once a decision is made, the policy enters the implementation phase. This Implementation involves translating the policy into action through the allocation of resources, establishment of procedures, enactment of legislation or regulations, and coordination of activities among different stakeholders. Effective implementation requires clear communication, adequate capacity-building, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure that intended outcomes are achieved. Stages/Steps Description 7. Policy Throughout the implementation process, policymakers monitor progress Monitoring and and evaluate the policy's impact to assess whether it is achieving its Evaluation intended objectives. This may involve collecting performance data, conducting surveys or studies, soliciting feedback from stakeholders, and adjusting the policy as needed based on the results. 8. Policy Review Policies are not static and may need to be reviewed and revised and Revision periodically in response to changing circumstances, new evidence, or emerging priorities. Policymakers conduct systematic reviews to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and relevance of existing policies and make adjustments or introduce new measures as necessary. Note: This generic policy formulation process, policymakers can develop and implement well-informed, evidence- based policies that address pressing societal challenges and contribute to the overall well-being of the population. However, it's essential to recognize that policy formulation is often complex and iterative, involving multiple actors, interests, and factors that can influence decision-making and outcomes. Policy making is a cyclical process. It begins in the agenda setting stage with recognition and definition of a significant public problem and an organized call to government action. In response, the legislative and bureacratic machinery of government may formulate, adopt, and implement a strategy for addressing the problem. Analysis of policy effectiveness in turn often reveals shortcomings in formulation or implementation or new problems to add to the policy agenda. Analysis and The first step is to conduct a detailed analysis of the policy objectives, target populations, available resources, and Planning contextual factors influencing the implementation process. Program designers and stakeholders work collaboratively to design the Design and structure, components, and features of the programs and services in Development alignment with the policy goals and objectives. Resource Allocation Adequate resources, including funding, staff, equipment, and infrastructure, are essential for the successful and Budgeting implementation of programs and services. Implementation Once the programs and services are designed and funded, they are implemented and delivered to the and Delivery intended beneficiaries or target populations. Monitoring and Continuous monitoring and evaluation are essential to assess the progress, performance, and impact of programs and Evaluation services and to identify areas for improvement or adjustment. Based on the findings and lessons learned from monitoring and Adaptation and evaluation Despite efforts, being programs red, Mars isand services a very coldmay need place to of full be adapted, refined, iron or expanded oxide dust to better meet the evolving needs of the target Scaling Up populations or address emerging challenges. WHAT IS POLICY ADVOCACY? Policy advocacy refers to actions taken by people, groups, organizations, or communities to influence the creation, application, and results of public policies. It includes a variety of actions meant to advance public interests, address social issues, encourage policy changes, and give voice to underrepresented or marginalized groups. health and wellness. OBJECTIVES OF POLICY ADVOCACY 1. Promoting social justice, equity, and human rights. 2. Addressing systemic injustices, inequalities, and disparities. 3. Influencing the formulation, amendment, or repeal of laws, regulations, and policies. 4. Raising awareness about key policy issues and mobilizing public support. 5. Holding policymakers and institutions accountable for their decisions and actions. 6. Empowering marginalized communities to participate in the policymaking process. 7. Promote collaboration, coalition-building, and partnerships among stakeholders. 8. Advancing evidence-based solutions and best practices in policy design and implementation. International Legal Instruments -Conventions and Treaties (UNHCR, ,UNCRC, UNCEDAW,etc.)-ASEAN policies/ directions-etc. Definition of Terms International Treaties (also called covenants, protocols, acquis, conventions, pacts or charters) are international agreements between states and/or international organizations. Treaties are primary sources of international law. Treaties are agreements among and between nations. Treaties have been used to end wars, settle land disputes, and even estabilish new countries. Conventional international law is based on consent of state parties and as such treaties applies only between those consenting parties. In determining treaty application, International Agreement are formal understandings or commitments between two or more countries. An agreement between two countries is called “bilateral,” while an agreement between several countries is “multilateral.” The countries bound by an international agreement are generally referred to as “States Parties.” An international convention or treaty is an agreement between different countries that is legally binding to the contracting States. Existing international conventions cover different areas, including trade, science, crime, disarmament, transport, and human rights. Declaration is the means by which subjects of international law express their will, intention, or opinion when acting in the field of international relations Memoranda of Understanding, A memorandum of understanding is an international instrument of a less formal kind. It often sets out operational arrangements under a framework international agreement. It is also used for the regulation of technical or detailed matters. It is typically in the form of a single instrument and does not require ratification. They are entered into either by States or International Organizations. The term "protocol" is used for agreements less formal than those entitled "treaty" or "convention". Definition of Terms International Legal Instruments - These are formal documents, agreements, or treaties that are binding under international law. They establish rules, standards, or frameworks for conduct and cooperation among states and other international actors. Legal instruments can take various forms, including treaties, conventions, protocols, agreements, charters, and declarations. Treaty - A treaty is a formal and binding agreement negotiated and signed by sovereign states or international organizations. Treaties can address a wide range of issues, including peace, security, human rights, trade, the environment, and more. They create legal obligations for the parties involved and are governed by international law. Convention - A convention is a type of treaty that usually involves a large number of states and aims to establish common rules, standards, or principles on a particular subject. Conventions are often negotiated under the auspices of international organizations, such as the United Nations, and are open for signature and ratification by states. Protocol - A protocol is an additional document that supplements or modifies an existing treaty. It may address specific aspects or issues related to the original treaty. Protocols are usually negotiated and adopted by the parties to the treaty and can become legally binding upon ratification or accession Definition of Terms Agreement: An agreement is a broad term that refers to any formal arrangement or understanding between parties, whether states, international organizations, or other entities. Agreements can be bilateral (between two parties) or multilateral (involving multiple parties) and may cover various subjects, such as trade, cooperation, or joint action. Declaration: A declaration is a formal statement or proclamation made by states or international organizations expressing their views, intentions, or commitments on a particular issue. Declarations may not always create legally binding obligations but can carry political or moral significance. Ratification: Ratification is the formal process by which a state or other entity confirms its consent to be bound by a treaty or legal instrument. It involves the approval of the treaty at the national level, often through legislative or executive action, and signifies the state's willingness to comply with its obligations under the treaty. Accession: Accession is the act by which a state or other entity becomes a party to a treaty that it did not participate in negotiating. It occurs when the state formally expresses its consent to be bound by the treaty after it has already been adopted or opened for signature by other parties. United Nations Social Welfare Policies 1. UN International Convention on Civil and Political Rights 2. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 3. UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel and Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 4. UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 5. UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 6. UN Sustainable Development Goals 7. Universal Health Coverage 8. United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 9. Convention on Biological Diversity 10. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 11. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC 12. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 13. the UN Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) on Women, Peace and Security 14. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 15. United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea (UNCLOS) Some of the ASEAN Social Welfare Policies 1. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blue Print 2. ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of Rights of Migrant Workers (2007) 3. ASEAN Plan of Action for Social Protection 2025-2025 4. ASEAN Senior Officials Meeting on Social Welfare and Development (SOMSWD) 5. ASEAN Plus Three Social Welfare Development Plan 6. ASEAN Guidelines on Social Protection for the Informal Labor Sector 7. ASEAN Cooperation on Health Workforce 8. ASEAN Work Plan on Youth 2021-2025 Global Sectoral Policy Issuances for Senior Citizens International Commitments and Issuances 1. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 217A (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) dated 10 December 1948 Article 25 (1). Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 2. UNGA Resolution 37/51 (Vienna International Action Plan on Ageing) dated 03 December 1982, Provides basis for the formulation of policies and programmes on ageing. 3. UNGA Resolution 46/91 (UN Principles for Older Persons) dated 16 December 1991. Governments were encouraged to incorporate them into their national programmes whenever possible. There are 18 principles, which can be grouped under five (5) themes: independence, participation, care, self-fulfillment and dignity. 4. Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) adopted at the Second World Assembly on Ageing in April 2002. Sets a comprehensive and bold agenda for ageing-related policies in the 21st century. 5. The World Bank (WB) Social Protection Policy Note, May 2018 No. 14 Issue summarized the benefits and privileges of the senior citizens. National Sectoral Policy Commitments for Senior Citizen Example Implication to Philippine SWD Laws and Polices 1. Republic Act No. 11350, An act creating the National Commission of Senior Citizens, providing for its functions, abolishing the National Coordinating Council and Monitoring Board, Republic Act No. 11916, An act increasing the social pension of indigent senior citizens and appropriating funds therefore, amending for the purpose republic act no. 7432, entitled “an act to maximize the contribution of senior citizens to nation-building, grant benefits and special privileges and for other purposes”, as amended, and for other purposes. 3. Republic Act No. 9994, An act granting additional benefits and privileges to senior citizens, further amending republic act no. 7432, as amended, otherwise known as “an act to maximize the contribution of senior citizens to nation building, grant benefits and special privileges and for other purposes“ 4. Public Information on DOH-FDA Requirement on 20% Discount of Senior Citizen Medicines, Public information on DOH-FAD Requirement for Senior Citizens to avail of 20% discount on medicines: The public is hereby informed that as per DOH Administrative Order No. 2010-0032, 5. RA 10868 (Centenarians Act of 2016), Sec. 2. All Filipinos who reach 100 years old, whether residing in the Philippines or abroad, shall be honored with: a) Letter of Felicitation from the President of the Philippines congratulating the celebrant for his or her longevity, and b) Centenarian Gift in the amount of one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) 6. RA 10911 (“Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment) 7. RA 11916 , An Act Increasing The Social Pension Of Indigent Senior Citizens And Appropriating Funds, Indigent senior citizens shall be entitled to a monthly stipend amounting to not less than P1,000.00 to augment the daily subsistence and other medical needs of senior citizens. 8. Philippine Plan of Action for Senior Citizens 2023-2028, The action plan aims to create an inclusive and age-friendly society that safeguards the rights and privileges, as well as the health and well-being, of senior citizens nationwide. Global Sectoral Policy Issuances for PWDs International Commitments and Issuances 1. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2. Jakarta Declaration on the Asian and Pacific Decade of Persons with Disabilities, 2023-2032 3. Asian and Pacific Decades of Persons with Disabilities. The Asia-Pacific region was the first in the world to proclaim a regional disability decade focusing on disability-inclusive development, in follow-up to the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons, 1983−1992. The first two Decades brought forth a paradigm shift toward a rights-based approach to disability and spurred regional momentum, which contributed to the foundation for the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). 4. Incheon Strategy to “Make the Right Real” for Persons with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific (also known as the Incheon Strategy) was launched in late 2012 to chart the new course of action for the Asian and Pacific Decade of Persons with Disabilities, 2013–2022. 5. ASEAN Decade of Persons with Disabilities (2011-2020), ASEAN Leaders, as the representatives of ASEAN Member States and its people, proclaim the ASEAN Decade of Persons with Disabilities (2011-2020) as the thematic years to promote disability inclusive development in ASEAN, reaffirm ASEAN's commitment toward equal rights and opportunities of persons with disabilities 6. Bali Declaration on the Enhancement of the Role and Participation of Persons with Disability in the ASEAN Community. 7. Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired or Print Disabled, provides for the exchange of accessible-format books across international borders by organizations (Authorized Entities) that serve people who are blind, visually impaired, and print disabled. 8. Biwako Millennium Framework 9. Biwako Plus Five UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities The purpose is to promote, protect an ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities and to promote respect for the inherent dignity. Whom does it Protect? PWDs include those who have long term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interacting with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. It considers those Women with disabilities, Children with disabilities, older person with disabilities and others BIWAKO Millennium Framework for Action Promote goals of an inclusive, barrier free and rights based society for PWDs in the Asia and Pacific Regions in the following priority policy areas: A. Self-help organizations of PWDs and related family and parent associations; B. Women with Disabilities C. Early detection, early intervention and education D. Training and employment, including self-employment E. Access to information and communication, including information, communications and assiative technologies. F. Poverty alleviation through capacity building, social security and sustainable livelihood programs. BIWAKO +5 on Accessible Tourism Supplements the Biwako Millennium Framework for action. Biwako Plus five distinguish itself from the Millennium Framework fro Action by: A. Providing additional actions in the priority areas B. Reconfigurations the four strategy areas into five reas with 25 additional strategies C. Adding three strategies under cooperation and support, monitoring and review What are the principles set out in the UN Conventions on the Rights of PWDs? 1. Respect for dignity and individual autonomy 2. Non-discrimination 3. Participation and inclusion 4. Respect for difference and diversity 5. Accessibility 6. Equality of opportunity 7. Equality between men and women 8. Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities How is it enforced: We need to consider the roles of Courts, National Monitoring frameworks, Civil Society Monitoring and The Committee on the Rights of PWD Global and National Sectoral Policy Commitments for Women Sector International Commitments 1. UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)- is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly. Described as an international bill of rights for women, it was instituted on 3 September 1981 and has been ratified by 189 states including the Philippines as one of the signatory of this treaty. 2. Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BPfA+25) – it a considered the major blue print for gender equality and the empowerment of women. It was agreed during the 4th World Conference on women in 1995. Example Implications to Philippine SWD Laws and Polices 1. Section 14, Article II, 1987 Constitution – The State recognizes the role of 83 women in nation-building and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the 84 law of women and men. 2. RA 9710 otherwise known as the Magna Carta of Women – a comprehensive women’s human rights laws signed on August 14, 2009. It is the Philippines’ translation of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). 3. Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025 – a 30-year plan that lays out development goals as well as strategies that will make gender 78 equity essential in public policies and programs. It was published in 1998. Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment (GEWE) Plan 2019-2025 National Sectoral Policy Issuances for Women Example Implications to Philippine SWD Laws and Polices 4. Republic Act 7877: The Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995, Under RA 7877, work, education,or training related sexual harassment is “committed by an employer, employee, manager, supervisor, agent of the employer, teacher, instructor, professor, coach, trainor, or any person who, having authority, influence or moral ascendancy over another in a work or training or education environment, demands, requests or otherwise requires any sexual favor from the other, regardless of whether the demand, request or requirement for submission is accepted or not by the object of said act.” 5. Availment of the 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Under Republic Act 11210, The 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law (RA 11210 or EML) provides the updated policy on maternity leave that covers females who are workers in the private and public sectors, workers in the informal economy, voluntary contributors to the Social Security System (SSS), and national athletes. It likewise grants a woman the option to allocate up to seven days of paid maternity leave to her child’s father or an alternate caregiver. 6. Republic Act 9208 or the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, as amended by RA 10364 also known as the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012. 7. RA 9262: the Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004, It is a law the seeks to address the prevalence of violence against women and their children (VAWC) by their intimate partners like their husband or ex-husband, live-in partner or former live-in partner, boyfriend/girlfriend or ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend, dating partner or former dating partner. 8. Republic Act No. 11313: Safe Spaces Act (Bawal Bastos Law), The law covers all forms of gender-based sexual harassment (GBSH) committed in public spaces, educational or training institutions, workplace, as well as online space. What is UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (UN CEDAW)? Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1979, the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty. It's frequently referred to as an international women's bill of rights. In addition to defining discrimination against women, UN CEDAW lays out a plan for national action to put a stop to it. The UN CEDAW has thirty articles that compose up the convention provide the steps that countries should take to end discrimination against women in a variety of contexts, such as the political, economic, social, cultural, civil, and family life. Along with tackling problems like gender stereotypes and violence against women, these actions include guaranteeing equal access to healthcare, work, education, and public life. Global Sectoral Policy Commitments and Issuances for Youth Sector 1. World Programme of Action for Youth (WPAY): Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1995, the WPAY is a policy framework and set of guidelines for national action and international support to improve the situation of young people around the world. 2. The ASEAN Work Plan on Youth 2021-2025 seeks to guide the ASEAN youth sector in implementing youth policies and programs through a set of activities that will realize the ASEAN Community Vision 2025. 3. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 on Youth, Peace, and Security: Adopted in 2015, this resolution recognizes the positive role young people play in promoting and maintaining international peace and security. It calls for increased youth participation in peacebuilding and conflict prevention efforts. 4. ILO's (International Labor Organization) Decent Work Agenda: ILO's Decent Work Agenda aims to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security, and human dignity 5. UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Biejing Rules) 6. UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Riyadh Guidelines) Global and National Sectoral Policy Commitments for Youth Sector Example of Implications to Philippine SWD Laws and Policies 1. Article II, Section 13 of the Philippine Constitution articulating that the State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. 2. Philippine Youth Development Plan 2023-2028, For the purposes of the PYDP, the age definition of youth as defined in Republic Act (RA) No. 8044 would be used, which states that “Filipino youth shall refer to those persons whose ages range from fifteen (15) to thirty (30) years old,” Further, based on RA No. 10742 or the “Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015”, this age range is further disaggregated for the purpose of targeted programming into: (a) Child Youth – 15 to 17 years old (y/o); (b) Core Youth – 18 to 24 y/o; and (c) Adult Youth – 25 to 30 y/o. 3. The Comprehensive National Juvenile Intervention Program (CNJIP) 2023–2028 is an interagency and multisectoral action plan of the Philippine government of which goal is to protect and promote the rights and welfare of the country's children at risk (CAR) and children in conflict with the law (CICL). 4. PD 603 or the Child and youth Welfare Code (1974) providing for the promotion of the well being and the total development of the children and youth 5. Creation of the National youth Commission under RA 8044 or the Youth in Nation Building Act (1995) 6. 2015 and 2021 National Youth Assessment Studies (NYAS), 7. 2021 Youth Statistics Update 8. 2021 National YOUTHLED Survey; To guide the youth sector in moving towards the Vision, the ASEAN Work Plan on Youth 2021- 2025 was developed with five (5) priority areas. These 5 priority areas branch into 14 programmes and 32 main activities. Building on the lessons learnt and best practices in the implementation of ASEAN Work Plan on Youth 2016-2020, the ASEAN youth sector agreed on the following guiding principles for the development of ASEAN Work Plan on youth 2021-2025: a. Adherence to the ASCC Blueprint 2025, including alignment with the expected outcomes of the ASCC Results Framework; b. Contribution to the implementation of ASEAN declarations/ commitments and informed by relevant global strategies; c. Structured around the five (5) domains of the ASEAN Youth Development Index (YDI), prioritizing two cross-cutting areas: (i) future-ready ASEAN youth through digital skills development; and (ii) institutionalized youth engagement mechanism, including in policy discourse; Global Sectoral Policy Commitments and Issuances for Children Sector 1. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is a historic international treaty on human rights. It lays out children's rights in terms of their civil, political, economic, social, health, and cultural rights. Any human being under the age of eighteen is considered a child under the CRC, which highlights the significance of providing children with opportunities for optimal development as well as protection and nurturing. 2. ASEAN Declaration on the Rights of Children in the Context of Migration 3. Ending Violence Against Children in ASEAN Member States: Mid-term Review of Priority Areas under the ASEAN Regional Plan of Action on the Elimination of Violence Against Children 2016-2020. The objectives of the Regional Plan of Action are for: A) ASEAN to institutionalize policies and to sustain support to end violence against children across pillars and sectors; and B) ASEAN Member States to have effective prevention and protection services supported by a national legal framework and institutional mechanisms to end violence against children. What is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)? The UNCRC is a human rights treaty created by the United Nations that provides a full list of rights for all children up to the age of 18. Almost every country in the world has signed the Convention. Signing the Convention means these countries promise to protect and promote these rights. Canada signed the convention in 1991. The Convention says that governments are in charge of making sure that children's rights are respected and that children know about their rights. Four key principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child? 1. Non-discrimination: No matter what their race, color, sex, language, religion, political opinion, national, ethnic, or social origin, property, disability, birth, or other status, children have the right to exercise their rights without facing any form of discrimination. 2. The best interests of the child: In all decisions involving children, the child's best interests must come first. This principle ensures that children's needs and well-being are given top priority when making decisions that have an impact on them. 3. The Right to life, survival, and development: Children are born with the inalienable right to life, survival, and the fullest possible development. 4. Participation: Children have the right to freely express their opinions on issues that concern them, and those opinions should be given the weight that is appropriate for their developmental stage and maturity. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was ratified in the Philippines in 1990, following its adoption by the UN General Assembly. The CRC encompasses social, economic, cultural, civil, and political rights of all children. It provides an ethical and legal framework for children's development and serves as a reference against which progress can be assessed. The CRC has four foundation principles: non- discrimination, best interest of the child, right to life, survival, and development, and respect for the child's views. The Philippine National Strategic Framework for Plan Development for Children or Child 21 is a strategic framework for planning programs and interventions that promote and safeguard the rights of Filipino Children. Executive Order 310 S 2000 authorized the adoption and implementation and implementation of the Philippine National Strategic Framework for Plan Development for Children 2000-2025. It is the product of a broad based multi-sectoral consultation organized by the CWC and its conceptualization was based on the gains of the PPAC in the 1990s and Beyond of December 1991 where life stage and the CRC were used as its framework. It also details its vision mission, goals targets and strategies with those set forth in the MTDP and continues beyond 2004 to pursue a long term vision for Filipino Children through 2025. Child 21 addresses the concerns of children including those who were not previously given sufficient attention children of IPs, various circumstances of disability, situations of armed conflict, pregnant adolescent and CICL. It is meant to be a guide to make plans and programs for children more focused. It is a road map for the national government as well as for the LGUs, NGOs and POs in setting priorities for action and in allocating and utilizing resources to promote and realize the rights of children by year 2025. International Conventions: 1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The UDHR serves as a foundational document for international human rights law and has influenced many national laws No. Areas of Concern Social Welfare Development Laws 1 Pandemic Republic Act No. 11494 or the “Bayanihan to Recover as One Act” response and The Philippines adopted a “whole-of-government” and “whole-of-society” approach to the recovery COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring that the people are at the center of response and recovery efforts while balancing public imperatives. 2 Peacebuilding EO 70, s. 2018. Institutionalizing the whole-of-nation approach in attaining inclusive and sustainable peace, creating a national task force to end local communist armed conflict, and directing the adoption of a national peace framework. 3. Anti-Trafficking in Republic Act No. 11862 or the “Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act”, It covers illegal Persons adoption, child laundering, and online sexual abuse and exploitation of children. It also makes internet intermediaries accountable if they allow knowingly or by gross negligence the use of their infrastructure for trafficking purposes. 4. Childs Rights Republic Act No. 11767 or “The Foundling Recognition and Protection Act”, This law recognizes the status of foundlings found in the Philippines and/or in Philippine embassies, consulates, and territories abroad as natural-born citizens of the Philippines. 5 Rape and Sexual Republic Act No. 11648 or an “Act providing for stronger protection against rape and sexual Exploitation among exploitation and abuse, increasing the age for determining the commission of statutory rape”, children This law raised the minimum age of sexual consent from 12 years old to 16 years old and affords children better access to justice. International Conventions: 1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The UDHR serves as a foundational document for international human rights law and has influenced many national laws 6 Domestic Adoption Republic Act No. 11642 or the “Domestic Administrative Adoption and Alternative and Alternative Child Care Act”, This law simplifies domestic adoption and makes it less expensive. It Child Care also provides for a more efficient process under an attached agency of the Department of Social Welfare and Development, to be known as the National Authority for Child Care (NACC) with quasi-judicial powers. 7 Child Marriage Republic Act No. 11596 or an “Act prohibiting the practice of child marriage and imposing penalties for violations thereof”, This milestone law defines child marriage as “a practice constituting child abuse because it debases, degrades, and demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of children” 8 Teenage Pregnancy Executive Order 141 s. of 2021 on Teenage Pregnancy, declares the prevention of adolescent pregnancies a national priority and prescribes a whole-of-government approach to address its root causes. 9 Women’s rights Philippine legislations, policies, and mechanisms on women empowerment and and gender gender equality are firmly established. Of particular importance are the Magna equality Carta of Women (RA 9710), AntiSexual Harassment Act (RA 7877), Anti-Rape Law (RA 8353), Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act (RA 8505), and Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act (RA 9262), and Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313). International Conventions: 1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The UDHR serves as a foundational document for international human rights law and has influenced many national laws 10 Rights of migrant Republic Act No. 11641 or the “Department of Migrant Workers Act”, This law further workers strengthens the Philippines migration governance by establishing one streamlined government agency dedicated to migrant workers issues. It codifies the twenty-three (23) objectives of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. 11 Rights of refugees, Complementary Pathways (Cpath) Program for Rohingya Refugees – The Legal Framework of asylum seekers the Complementary Pathways (Cpath) Program for Rohingya Refugees was signed in June 2022 and stateless 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness – The Philippines’ instrument of accession persons to this convention was deposited at the UN Treaties Office in New York on 24 March 2022. Executive Order 163, s. 2022 entitled “Institutionalizing Access to Protection Services for Refugees, Stateless Persons, and Asylum Seekers” 12 Right to Education Republic Act No. 11713 or “Excellence in Education Act”, enacted in April 2022 – This law mandates the designation or establishment of Teachers Education Centers of Excellence in strategic places all over the country to provide innovative and relevant preservice and in- service teacher education and training programs. Republic Act No. 11650 or “An Act Instituting a Policy of Inclusion and Services for Learners with Disabilities in Support of Inclusive Education Act” enacted in March 2022 – This law mandates the establishment of a Learning Resource Center for Learners with Disabilities that will provide free support and related services, such as alternative education, intervention, and transition programs. National and Local Policies and Programs/ Services for the Poor, Vulnerable & Marginalized i.e. women, children, PWDs, migrant workers, labor sector, IPs, informal settlers, etc. Targeted Sector POOR VULNERABLE MARGINALIZED Individuals and families Households confronted by Groups in society who, whose income falls ex-ante risks that if for reasons of poverty, below the poverty currently non-poor, will fall geographical threshold and/or those

Social Welfare Policies, Programs, and Services PDF

Document Details

Tags

Related

Summary

Full Transcript

Upgrade to continue