Social Studies Past Paper PDF

**GOVERNMENT** 10-05-07-2024 When can a country be a **state?** **STATE** Elements of state (PSG-T) **P**opulation- tao/mamamyan **S**overeignty-freedom from foreign control **G**overnment- enforcing rules, defense, services and etc... **T**erritory-exclusive zone/territorial sea (12 nautica...

**GOVERNMENT** 10-05-07-2024 When can a country be a **state?** **STATE** Elements of state (PSG-T) **P**opulation- tao/mamamyan **S**overeignty-freedom from foreign control **G**overnment- enforcing rules, defense, services and etc... **T**erritory-exclusive zone/territorial sea (12 nautical miles) Economic zone (200 nautical miles) **POWERS OF THE STATE** (PET) 1. **P**olice power- general welfare 2. **E**minent Domain or Expropriation- taking private property for general use but in return providing just compensation/fair market value. 3. **T**axation- tax of burden **FORMS OF GOVERNMENT** - Monarchy-government of England (led by king and queen) 2 kinds: Absolute- solely king and queen Constitutional- with the presence of supreme court - Anarchy- no government/ magulo - Aristocracy- ruled by elites - Oligarchy- selected few - Democracy- freedom to elect/choose - Parliamentary- president has the power to control the congress and executive. - Federalism-national to national then local to local - Meritocracy- government of Singapore led by people of talents - Communism- no private property opposite is capitalism (free enterprise) During the rule of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines, the country underwent a significant political shift to a parliamentary form of government under the 1973 Constitution. Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972, and in 1973, the new constitution was ratified, replacing the presidential system with a modified parliamentary system. Here are key points about the parliamentary period under Marcos: 1. **Shift to Parliamentary Government**: The 1973 Constitution established a unicameral legislature called the **Batasang Pambansa** (National Assembly). In this system, the Prime Minister was the head of government, while the President, a ceremonial figure, remained head of state. 2. **Marcos as Both President and Prime Minister**: Although the system was parliamentary, Marcos held considerable power by assuming both roles. Initially, Marcos did not appoint a Prime Minister right away, and the transition to full parliamentary procedures was gradual. Marcos retained control until he appointed Cesar Virata as Prime Minister in 1981. 3. **Role of Batasang Pambansa**: The Batasang Pambansa acted as the legislative body, replacing the previous Congress of the Philippines. However, under Martial Law, Marcos had extensive control over both legislative and executive functions, diminishing the true nature of parliamentary governance. 4. **End of the Parliamentary System**: After the lifting of Martial Law in 1981, a modified parliamentary system remained in place. However, the eventual ousting of Marcos through the People Power Revolution in 1986 led to the restoration of the presidential system under the 1987 Constitution during the administration of Corazon Aquino **BRANCHES OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT** 1. Executive Branch-enforces and implements laws. headed by the president has the **veto power** to reject/prohibit legislation. President: -natural born citizen \- registered voter -able to read and write -atleast 40 yrs old. -resident for at least 10 yrs. -a term of 6 yrs. (can't be re-elected as a president but can run as a vp or other position) What will ahppen If a bill is not signed by the President of the Philippines? several outcomes can occur depending on the circumstances: 1. **Pocket Veto**: If the President does not sign the bill within 30 days after it has been submitted for approval, it is considered a \"pocket veto.\" In this case, the bill does not become law. This situation often occurs when Congress is adjourned, and the President chooses not to take action on the bill. 2. **Bill Becomes Law**: If the bill is presented to the President and he/she does not sign it within the specified timeframe (30 days) while Congress is in session, it automatically becomes law without the President\'s signature. 3. **Return with Recommendations**: The President may choose to return the bill to Congress with recommendations for changes or amendments. This allows Congress to reconsider the bill and possibly revise it based on the President\'s suggestions. 2. Legislative Branch-law making body 3. Judicial Branch- interpreting laws to settle disputes (with 15 members) -natural born citizen -atleast 40 yrs old. Retire at 70 -15 years or more in the practice of law Who was the first official impeached in the Philippines? Chief Justice Renato Corona, who was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 12, 2011, on charges of betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution. What prevent each branch to become abusive? (check and balance) **KINDS OF WRIT** 1. Writ of Amparo- right to life, liberty, and security but if incase with happiness automatic civil rights. 2. Writ of Habeas Corpus- bring me the body 3. Writ of Habeas Data- right to privacy of information 4. Writ of kalikasan- right to live in a heathy environment 5. Writ of Mandamus- order an entity to perform their duty they are legally required to do. 6. Writ of Prohibition-prevents court from exceeding its jurisdiction 7. Writ of Certiorari- An order from a higher court to a lower court to send the records of a case for review. 8. Writ of Quo Warranto- If someone is unlawfully occupying a government position, another person can file a writ of quo warranto to question their authority. 1. 1899 Malolos Constitution ( Emilio Aguinaldo) - 333 hopeless years under Spanish rule. - Until Spanish-Filipino agreement (pact of Biak-na-bato) - Spanish grant self-rule to the Phil. for 3 years if Emilio Aguinaldo would go to exile and surrender his arms. - Aguinaldo agreed and went to Hongkong. - Trust issues occur, Spaniards didn't pay the promised amount likewise Filipinos didn't surrender their firearms. - Therefore, the agreement was a complete failure. - Emilio Aguinaldo went back and declare the Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 at Cawit, Cavite. - Filipinos were happy with the idea of independence until the US-SPAIN secret agreement (Treaty of Paris) - The US wanted the Philippines as a colony therefore the Spanish sold the Philippines to them. 20 million USD - This forced Emilio to issue a decree forming the Malolos Congress (a committee assigned to make constitution for the first time in Philippine Republic) - MALOLOS CONSTITUTION also known as 1899 Constitution is the first constitution for the first Philippine Republic and the **first republican constitution in Asia.** 2. 1935 Constitution (Manuel L. Quezon) - Philippines lost in American battle and was colonized. - American Inspired Constitution was made the 1935 constitution which provided the legal basis of the Commonwealth Government for the transition government before granting the Phil. Independence. 3. 1943 Constitution (Jose P. Laurel) - World war II broke out, American surrendered and Japanese invaded the Philippines. - 3^rd^ time colonization - A new constitution was ratified by the Filipino Collaborators who were called Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas or KALIBAPI - Consitution of the second Republic 4. Marcos Administration 1973 Constitution - Various president ruled the Philippines using the 1935 constitution until Marcos came into the picture. - Marcos was elected in 1965 and was re-elected in 1969 - He has plan to create new constitution. - Delegates were elected to a Constitution Convention which began to meet in 1971. - During 1972, end of his second term he declares martial law because of the growing communist. But accordingly, he did this to influence the ongoing constitutional Convention. - As a result, the Constitutional Convention wrote constitution in line with what Marcos wanted. - Cory Aquino became the President and abolished 1973 constitution - Freedom Constitution 6.1987 Constitution\-\-\-\-- until present - The anti-Marcos Constitution - Has 4 themes: 1. Upholding national sovereignty 2. Democratic governance and the prevention of another dictatorship 3. Respect for human rights and civil liberties 4. Promotion of Social Justice - Provided Branches of Government (executive, legislative, judiciary) **RIGHTS OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN UNDER ARTICLE IV 1987 CONSTITUTION** - Natural rights- karapatng mabuhay, magmahal and etc... - Constitutional Rights- the bill of rights stipulated/ enumerated in article III, pag makita enumeration and declaration of human rights automatic sagot bill of rights - Civil Rights- right to life, liberty, security and happiness. - Political right-right to seek in a public office and right to vote pero pag right to vote lang the answer is suffrage. - Statutory rights- mga batas na ipapasa pa lamang **CITIZENSHIP UNDER ARTICLE IV 1987 CONSTITUTION** 1. Natural-born citizens **JUS SOLIS-** born by place **JUS SANGUINES-** by blood 2. Naturalized citizens-mga artificial citizens which undergone judgment by court or congress **SUFRAGE UNDER ARTICLE V 1987 CONSTITUTION** SUFRAGE- means the right to vote Election Precint- smallest unit in the Philippines Disfranchisement- pagkuha sa Karapatan mong bumoto Qualifications of voters: 1. A citizen of the Philippines 2. Not disqualified by law or disfranchised 3. Atleast 18 yrs old. 4. Resided for atleast 6 months in the brgy preceding the election  **ECONOMICS** (10-07-2024) PDC- **p**roduction, **d**istribution, and **c**onsumption of goods and services **ECONOMIC SYSTEM** Capitalism- kabaligtaran ng communism because it is a free enterprise pwede ang mga private sector. Communism- government owned NO private sectors Socialism- both government and private property **MARKET SYSTEM** Free Market- marami ang nakakapagnegosyo Monopoly- only one controls the product Oligopoly- many can control the product **BRANCHES OF ECONOMICS** 1. 2. **4 FACTORS OF PRODUCTIONS** (CELL) **C**apital- man-made or the money **E**ntreprenueurship- the skills incharge **L**and-all natural resources **L**abor- human efforts/force mga tao mo na sinuswelduhan mo What do you call the sudden increase in prices? (Inflation) Inflation- pagtaas ng presyo Deflation-pagbaba ng presyo Hyperinflation- rapid inflation **GDP VS GNP** Gross Domestic Product- remember **G**awa Dito sa Pinas (within country) Gross National Product- remember Gawa Ng Pinoy ( all over the world/abroad) **TYPES OF TAX SYSTEM** 1. 2. 3. **CLASSIFICATION OF TAXES** Income Tax- tax from income earned by workers ALL practicing professionals Community tax-also known as cedula which is paid ALL dadult citizens Tariff- imported products What do you call the tax imposed on imported cigarette and liquors? Note: Ad Valorem Tax- luxurious imports eg. Cars "according to value" Sin Tax- imported liquors and cigarette "harmful substances" Corporate Tax- tax from businesses Real estate- imposed on property Inheritance tax- paid by heirs/ inherited property (tagapagmana) **Other Economic Terms:** - Ceteris Paribus- All variables are kept CONSTANT - Depreciation- lowering of product value - Appreciation- the product value is high