Social Notes (Essay - Jan 16-17) PDF

Unit 1 4UNIT 1 Diversity Globalization creates diversity by interacting with other cultures. Global icons and symbols can be landmarks and values of other countries. Collective: is a group of people that have something in common. These can be groups you belong to. One point family was mo...

Unit 1 4UNIT 1 Diversity Globalization creates diversity by interacting with other cultures. Global icons and symbols can be landmarks and values of other countries. Collective: is a group of people that have something in common. These can be groups you belong to. One point family was most important Influenced valus and beliefs Socail globalization Interconnected for communication, travel and cross cultures Cultural exchange Exchange of ideas, values, traditions and cultural diversity Social media Trade The exchange of goods and services leading to increased international trade Investment flow of capital across borders attracting foreign direct investment Market integration Creating opportunities for businesses to expand globally International organizations ​ UN, World trade , World health Advantages of globalization Access to products ​ Access to a wide range of products from parts of the world Disadvantags of Globalization Inequality: Inequality the gap between rich and poor. Exploitation: Explotation of natural resources, labour and local economies CH2 Loss of Cultural Identity: Loss of traditional cultures and languages TNC company are based in one country that operates in several other countries Transportation as a globalizing force Products moved around the world in shipping con tainers. S - spirit > message K - keywords > use it in context E - explained/expand > connect the message to the source P -perspective > author perspective T - types of globalization > S.E.P.Enu I - inferences > based on the source C- case studies > examples that connect to the source Types of globalization: Political governemnt and laws Financial the economics of globalization Socail the spread of ideas through globalization Enviornmental when gloablization affects the environment Media - globalization ​ Socail media ​ ​ ○​ Snapchat ​ Spread of culture ​ Global news ○​ Multiple ways of getting their info out (like websites, cable, newspaper, radio social media) ​ Convergence  ○​ Refers to integrating media using tech ​ Concentration ○​ Ownership of multiple media sources ○​ For example disney owns several media companies Economies of scale: ​ Savings come from producing, using and buying things in large quantities What do we know ​ Bananas are the cheapest fruit in canada Globalization and identity ​ Some think that it decreases diversity ​ Some think it expands their identity Ch 3 Important Definitions (going to be on the test) ​ Homogenization ○​ Erases differences among people resulting in them becoming more similar. ​ Acculturation ○​ Cultural changes that occur when two cultures adapt to each other worldview ​ Accommodation ○​ Accepting and creatin space for one another ​ Assimilation ○​ The culture of a minority group is absorbed by another culture Globalization can lead to… ​ Homogenization ○​ As the world is more connected peoples lifestyle and cultures become similar ​ Assimilation ○​ Residential schools Marginalization ​ Occurs when a person or a group of people are placed in a powerless position of society. ○​ Indigenous populations in canada and racialized canadians. Revitalize ​ The process of affirming and omitting individual and collective identity ○​ Language is closely related to culture and tradition it is a piece of culture being revitalized Bill c-91 indigenous languages act ​ Indigenous languages are protected through this. Fast fashion ​ 97% of all clothes sold in the us are made overseas  ​ 85% of the workers are women ​ There is lots of exploitation Fast fashion has a massive impact on the environment because of people trowing them away. Most cotton is genetically modified which is an even more unfriendly for the environment Unit 2 Affirming your identity means strengthining who you are Cultural revitalization one way for a nation or people to keep their cultural identity strong 1971 Canada was the first country to adopt multiculturalism as a policy cultural content laws Crtc - enforces our culture to be shown on media Cutural repatriation is the return of cultural property to the originating country, community, family or individual Historical globlization Def: the period between 1492 when christopher columbus made his first voyage to the caribbean and ending after world war 2 when the united states and the soviet union emerged as superpowers. Start: silk road Exp: industrial revolution, renaissance, imperialism Evolution of globalization Evolved in 3 distinct phases First round ​ Ideas, goods were exchanged along ancient trade routes  ​ Arab civilizations transferred knowledge such as indian science, medicine , literature in europe Second round ​ First round ended 1400s ​ Europeans developed new tech to sail further ​ Relates to european imperialism ○​ Colonies getting territory Third round ​ Phase we are currently in ​ Began after ww2 ​ Experiencing rapid growth and instant communication Printing press: - Universalization of info - Example of hybridization from cultural exchange through silk road Potatoes: - Staple crop that enriched soil for other nutirisous crops - Thorugh cultural exchange potatoes became a universal source of food - Population growth Plague: - Reduction in cultural exchange - black plague came from a tick that traveled on rats through asia - spread of disease - decimation of cultures in americas Questions: 1.What is the new silk road modeled after What wil these traditional routes connect The traditional silk road Europe and eastern china 2. Who is china going to trade with that is goint to be easier Everyone except for the us and the americas 3. What is it going to be called What two routes is it composed of Called the Belt and road Initiative Maritime belt (string of pearls) and economic belt 4. How many regions is this route going to pass through 3 continents and touches over 60% of the population Imperialisim: - One country’s domination over another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions ⬆️ 1.​ Power flex ⬆️ resources economy 2.​ Spread of christian value Early Arabic governemtns had control over the silk road in order to increase their wealth European monarchs modelled this approach and created the system of merchantillisim Mercantilism DEFINITION: a system of government sponsored international business ventures designed to make european monarchs rich -​ Want to acheive wealth. One way of doing this was exporting goods from the “new world”, creating manufacturing goods and selling them for a profit European governments controlled trade The balance of the trade must benefit the mother country Colonies were valued as a cheap resource of materials Case study: Dutch east india company VOC Allowed them to seize colonies and allowed to wage war Banda island were used by the company Bandalese and company trays were broken and resigned The most of the population was either killed or enslaved All because of nutmeg (the stuff in eggnog) Age of exploration: -​ Christopher columbus went to the “new world” in 1492 and he and his crew brang a disease that was devastating towards the indigenous populations. -Europeans transmitted smallpox the the indigenous nations - number of deaths 50% -%90 of the population - common diseases : measles, malaria, yellow fever, influenza, chicken pox - Indegionous people wer unsutable for slave trade as the died of many diseases The colombian exchange Aka the grand exchange Echange of crops and animals, disease and ideas throught the discovery of the “new world” Pg. 125-126 “Results of Contacts” Coming into contact with various Indigenous groups throughout their travel led to the development of Eurocentric values Eurocentrism is the belief that Europeans are better. Eurocentrictism involved judging people based upon their values. 1.​ Prehistoric trading routes = silk road  2.​ Age of exploration 1400 → 1945 3.​ 1945 → About 12 million slaves were forced onto ships crossed the atlantic ocean and were taken Under half of the slaves went to brazil Caribbean had 48% of the slaves The us recive about 5% of the population People andgoods wre moved btween africa, the americas and europe Colonial plantations creatd in south and north america by the home country to export natural resources Europeans wre doing great economically Inexpensive labour plantations wre profitable Raw materials extracted by slave labour creatd new manufactured goods A.S.T. -​ Chattle slavery  -​ Indenurd slavery europans relied on middlemen to provide slaves This bcame the “slave gun cycle” African kings would sell prisoners regularly and raids to capture slave amoung african societies Industrial Revolution 1750s -1900s It was a transition of handwork to machinery Human rights violations at the time Increase of : ​ Productivity ​ Population ​ Growth of cities ​ Standard of living (for some) ​ Consumerism Working conditions: ​ Working conditions were very poor especialy with all the pollution ​ Wage : 2-8 shillings a week ​ Work day 12 hours and up ​ Child labour laws were non exsistant The assembly line: ​ Cottage business a type of business that you would at home. You would design and create all parts of a finished product ​ A lot of the parts were moved from workstation to workstation Industrial revolution started around 1750 Imperialism: One countries domination over another country Also about countries taking land from another country Building empires between 1876 to 1914 The imperial powers greatly expanded their global possessions By late 19th century, large parts of africa remained indeendent of control by the euro pean empires. 1884: representitives of european countries and america divided africa amoung themselves. This was known as the britain confrence 1880s: king leopold 2 of belguim sparked the scramble for africa by claming all the lands drained by the river and its tributes. 1885: king lepold had forced many indegenous people to harvest rubber. The indegenous people who resisted were brutally punished. Rubber was a large source of wealth because of the new demand for tires(for cars and bikes) He hires a company to put up posts and enslave people. He restricted employees from ever getting out of the congo He bribed some news reporters to publish positive stories. 1908 leopold handed congo over to the belgian government. The Colonzation of India The colonization of india -In 1526 - 1761most of india was ruled by the mughal empire -Expened his territory -took many as slaves -ended religious tolorence -imposed sharia law (muslim law) Taxed hindu people -india was a major resource of cotton, tea, indigo, jute, opium -india had a massive population of 300,000,000 -britian used india to supply their economy Indians were restricted to buying British goods only -prohibitation of competition between indian businesses -1757 the trade in india -the east india company picks the emperor -the canton system was very similar to india’s system -in 1857 a mutiny broke out in the bengal against the british -both sides committed atrocities Indirect rule Direct rule -the rebellion led to the destruction of the BEIC -in 1876 the BEIC sold their assets (ships, crates) -transferred rule to queen victoria Positives of british rule: -brought technical advancements -United into one Negatives: -divided inda into 3 parts when they left -Racisim -High axes -Famin -No economic growth -Loss of culture -Masacures -No decision making for their country Religions of india Hindu Islam Sika National groups Indian national -congress equal treatment -self-determination Muslim league -full independence from britain -self-determination and sovereignty Jalliawala bagh massacre april 13 1919 -Britain open fired on protesters -10,000 people gathered to protest Gandhi 1869-1948 -​ Became in a leader of resistance against the british -​ Sacrificed his health and body to throw off colonial rule -​ Believed indian people should be treated better than black people -​ He agreed with honor killings -​ Very controversial (sexist) Living with Legacies of Historical Globalization -​ Rawandan Genocide began in april 6th 1994 -​ Belgium and germany imposed their divisions -​ Hutus were 85% of the pop -​ Germany claimed rwanda during the scramble for africa( they lost it during ww1) -​ Two ethnic groups in rwanda eventually led to genocide ​ Hutu power movement emerged in the 1980s the goal was to gain control of rwanda and push the tutsis out ​ In 1962 rwanda fell into a civil war ​ Hutus blamed the tutsis for killing the president ​ The genocide began on april 6th 1994 ​ The un peacekeepers were forced to watch thousands of people being murdered ​ Apartheid is an afrikaans word for separateness of the state of being apart. ​ It is a system of racial segregation in south africa through legislation by the national party ​ The europeans would put a pencil through their hair and if it stayed that would consider them black is it fell they would be considered european enough. ​ The history of apartheid was rooted in the nations colonization and slavery. ​ White settlers felt africans were a resource to industrialize the nation. ​ Dutch settlers relied on slaves to build south africa ​ Population is 72% black but the income produced is 57% by white people ​ Examples of segregation ○​ Pass laws required african men +17 to carry a reference book holding their personal and employment info ○​ Black people could not marry white people ○​ Everywhere from hospitals to beaches were segregated  ○​ Education was restricted and throughout the 1950s the np passed law regulating the lives and movement of black people ​ Why did tens of thousands of students take to the streets of soweto ○​ Because many of them wanted to learn in english not afrikaans ​ How did the police respond ○​ They were shooting at random at the kids ​ They may have been provoked by the kids singing a song which was banned there and is now the national anthem ​ what does this uprising reveal about the growth of the anti-apartheid movement ○​ That it impacted the world about this issue and the growth was massive and people were supporting the anti-apartheid movement. ​ What does this uprising reveal about the apartheid govs desire to maintain power ○​ That the government will do anything to make sure no one knows about apartheid and what is happening in south africa. They checked journalists for pictures and if they suspected anything they would shoot them or put them on house arrest. ​ Resistance and protest against apartheid laws were evident throughout the years that the policies were in place ​ The national congress (ANC was the political party leading the anti apartheid movement ​ By 1990s the laws were starting to be dismantled ​ In 1986 the us passed the comprehensive anti-apartheid act ​ Examples of sanctions and boycotts ​ Boycotts took the form of refusing to buy south africa goods refusing to support south african professors and refusing to make business investments ​ South africa did not complete the olympics First contact European explorers like jacquees Atier and samuel de champlain The intro of european diseases made a rapid decline in population A treaty is a formal agreement that establishes obligations 11 numbered treaties total The treaties provided -land and access to development For first nations -rights to treaty lands monetary payments , hunting and fishing rights -the terms of these treaties were controversial and contested -indian act Defines who is indian who is not A policy implemented in 1876 gave the federal government control over first nations This act also implemented other colonial laws that sought to assimilate the first nations into european culture Demonstrates a paternalistic view - treating indigenous people as “children” while the government maintains control In 1920 the indian act became mandatory for every indigenous child to attend a residential school Residential schools operated in canada from 1831 until 1996 It is estimated the 150,000 school children attended residential schools in canada The sixties scoop is the taking of indigenous children from parents, this is the child welfare system and put them in residential schools. After this many kids were up for adoption and many of them lost their culture. ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ ➡️ Bnaa treaty indian 1876 (1920 residential schools became mandatory) lack of identity abuse neglect shame cultural death future parents non-existent supports because of horrible conditions created by the government the government said in 1951 that the provinces the power to “save the children” (by taking them to adoption centre. 1.​ Apology 2.​ Compensation in reconciliation of wrongdoing Truly take ownership 3.​ Actions for change When you know better you do better Anatomy of an apology 1.​ I am sorry 2.​ I see that I hurt you by… 3.​ I am going to do better by… 4.​ Is there anything else i can do Unit 3 ​ Def economy the wealth and resources of a country Def contemporary belonging to the present, current day Contemporary economic globalization Intro of new and growing multinational corporations The first multinational was the dutch east india company (founded 17th century). Improving communication travel allowing for development and growth of economic globalization Issues with econeomic globalization Can threaten quality of life Many have to suffer for a small amount of the population to benefit Can threaten a nations sovereignty (political control over affairs) eventually all economies will become intertwined​ ​ Positive impact of economic globalization ​ ​ Some positives of it includes ​ ​ ​ Increased trade between countries ​ ​ ​ Better relations based on reliance ​ ​ ​ Reducing barriers between countries ​ ​ Factors impacting the global economy ​ ​ ​ War ​ ​ ​ Famine ​ ​ ​ Economic uncertainty ​ ​ ​ Natural disasters ​ ​ ​ Change in investor confidence ​ ​ Ww1 ​ The economic costs of the war were high Ww1 ended 1919 Reparation ​ The act of making amends for wrongdoing Hyper inflation ​ Reparations caused extreme economic damage to germany ​ ​ Germany pays for all the damage of war Ww1 effects in canada ​ Cost 2.5 million a day ​ 164 million a year and soldiers pensions cost another 76 million a year ​ During a war shortage of labour (soldiers/nurses/farm/factory) After the war soldiers came home and weapon manufacturing stopped and now unemployment rose Russian revolution ​ 1914 russia was ruled by czar nicholas II ​ ​ Russian peasants lived difficult lives under an ancient economic system that allowed them little control over their labour or property Nicholas II was forced to give up his throne in 1917 and he and his family. Comunism in the 20th century ​ ​ New economic and political model that was supposed to get rid of class distinctions ​ ​ Under stalin the soviet union became a dictatorship ​ ​ Many restrictions and oppresions on the soviet people ​ ​ Stalin made the soviet union into a military and industrial giant ​ ​ Forced work , collective farms. ​ The great depression ​ ​ Tuseday oct 29 1929 ​ ​ ​ Stock market crash started a chain reaction ​ ​ ​ Result people who lost money could no longer pay bills ​ ​ ​ Gradually the entire world moved into an economic depression ​ 1929 and 1933 canadian exports fell by 505 ​ ​ By 1933 26.6% of canadians were out of work ​ ​ In addition a drought that started in 1928 continued off and on until 1937. ​ Ww2 ​ ​ Germany hit hard by depression dealing with implications of the treaty of versailles European right us time is in there 1933- adolf hitler ​ He convinced all the germans that they were the master race and that they were entitled to rule of other people ​ After ww2 ​ ​ About 42,000 canadians died another 54,000 wounded ​ ​ Short termand long term economic effects government spending increased and manufacture of arms , airplanes and ships rosefarming became more mechanized. Unemployment fell more than a million women joined the paid workforce from 1939 - 1941. Views on government involvement in the economy ​ Frederick hayek was a british economist who supported a free market system or a market economy ​ Supported little to no government intervention critized central planning ​ In a market economt ​ ​ Individuals are free to make theur own decisions with little government intervention ​ He believed there should be no government involvement in the economy ​ ​ Militon friedman ​ ​ Supported hayeks view ​ ​ ​ Agreed witha market economy these ideas evolved in the us and great britain ​ ​ John maynard keynes contrasted the views of hayek and friedman ​ ​ ​ Keynes believed in government intervention in the economy he felt the government would help ensure employment welfare of citizens Argued that gov should be spending to improve well being of citizens put money into the economy to push the government out of position The second world war had a significnt impact on world economies countries had to find the funds to rebuild ​ European countries were dominated cities and towns were destroyed ​ Many people became refugees Following wwII the allied countries met to establish a system to regulate and improve the economy.They wanted to increase trade and peaceful relations. The united nations that was founded in 1945 o deal with the world crisis while also wanting to ensure collective security and peace. Betton woods agreement established ​ The international monetary fun d and the international bank for reconstructing and development known now as the world bank general agreement on tariffs and trade GATT members wanted to eliminate tariffs an trade barriers Original goals set international exchange rates for world currencies, establish economic stability ​ ​ Governments have allowed foreign products and investments Businesses and industries have the opportunity to sell their goods in international markets Medi contributes to the expansion of globalization by expanding the market for goods nd services. Mdia convergence has also enabled people to connect quikly and in number of ways Trade liberalization is the process by which countries are reducing or removing trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas allows goods and services to move more freely To achieve trade liberalization countries need to get rid of various tariffs , quotes , regulations and standards Many countries have various regulations and standards in lace to protect and regulate business and industries within their own country however someies these regulations create barriers to trade Race to the bottom: 1.​ Companies looking for the lowest production costs 👍 2.​ Lowest workplace standards 3.​ Established i 1995 to increase trade through decreasing trade barriers Additionally the WTO ensures trade agreements are followed and trade disputes are settled while aso carrying out trade negotiations Decisions made by the WTO are bindig meaning members countries must abide by its rulings If member countries feel they are being mistreated then the WTO must step in to settle the dispute Ecological footprint: this represents the area of the earth's surface necessary to sustain the level of resources you use and waste. Sustain: the degree that earth is able to provide the resources necessary to meet people's needs. Sustainability: Stewardship Bangladesh ecological footprint This country is one of the smallest because of the fact that they are one of the least developed countries and they have little money to spend. Consumption of resources is much less than other countries. An example of environment stoping is the paris agreement The EU Created in 1991 Acts as one large market allowing member countries to take advantage of the opportunities created by economic globalization European parliament makes decisions on issues that affect the region as a whole Eu tied member countries together integrating their economies and replaced their national currency UN sustainable goals ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​