Posterior Aspect of the Leg PDF

Posterior Aspect of the Leg Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu NEU MED Dept of Anatomy.  Cutaneous Nerves Saphenous n. (from femoral n.) Posterior femoral cutaneous n. (from sacral plexus) Lateral cutaneous n. of leg (from common fibular (peroneal) n.) Su...

Posterior Aspect of the Leg Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu NEU MED Dept of Anatomy.  Cutaneous Nerves Saphenous n. (from femoral n.) Posterior femoral cutaneous n. (from sacral plexus) Lateral cutaneous n. of leg (from common fibular (peroneal) n.) Sural n. (from tibial n & common fibular (peroneal) n.)  Superficial veins Small saphenous vein – pierces the roof of the popliteal fossa and drains into the popliteal vein Deep fascia of leg(Fascia cruris) interosseous membrane and the “crural intermuscular septa” divide the leg into 3 crural compartments: 1-Anterior compartment 2-Lateral compartment 3-Posterior compartment: contains 2 groups of muscles: – superficial – deep Superficial group: Deep group: Gastrocnemius m. Popliteus m. Soleus m. Flexor digitorum longus m. Plantaris m. Flexor hallucis longus m. Tibialis posterior m.  A L P Flexor Retinaculum broad band of deep fascia which passes -from medial malleolus -to calcaneus Function: hold the deep group mm’s tendons in their proper places  Muscles Superficial layer – Gastrocnemius m. insert to calcaneus with a common – Soleus m. tendon “tendo – Plantaris m. calcaneus” (Achille’s tendon) Deep layer – Popliteus m. – Flexor digitorum longus m. pass deep – Flexor hallucis longus m. to the “flexor – Tibialis posterior m. retinaculum” SUPERFICIAL LAYER Gastrocnemius m. Most superficial of the muscles in the posterior crural compartment O: 2 heads, lat & med condyles of femur, they come together at the inferior margin of the popliteal fossa I: Calcaneous, via “tendo calcaneus” (aschilles tendon) N: Tibial n. F: Flexion (plantar flexion) of foot & leg  Soleus m. -Located deep to gastrocnemius O: Soleal line, upper part of fibula I: calcaneus via “tendo calcaneus” N: Tibial nerve F: Flexion of foot Gastrocnemius+soleus mm: Triceps surae m.  Plantaris m. ---Small muscle; variable in size and extend, it may be absent. O: Lat supracondylar area Tendon of plantaris m of the femur I: Medial part of tendo calcaneus N: Tibial n. F: assists flexion of leg, plantar flexion of the foot  DEEP LAYER: Popliteus m. ---Thin, triangular muscle O: Lat condyle of femur & arcuate popliteal lig. I: Post surface of tibia N: Tibial nerve F: Flexion & medial rotation of leg  Flexor digitorum longus m. O: Post surface of tibia below soleal line I:Bases of distal phalanges of 2-5 N.:Tibial nerve F: Flexion of toes 2-5 & foot, inversion of foot, helps to maintain the medial longitudinal arch of foot Flexor hallucis longus m. --The long, powerful and largest muscle of deep layer O: Lower part of post surface of fibula, interosseos memb. I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe of foot) N.: Tibial nerve F: Flexion of hallux & foot, also important in holding the leg in the normal position of foot. Tibialis posterior m. The deepest m in the posterior crural O: Lateral part of post surface of tibia below soleal line, post surface of fibula, interosseous cross membrane I: navicular b, talus, cuneiform bb, cuboid b, 2-4 metatarsal bb N.: Tibial n. F: Plantar flexes and inverts foot Support to the foot From medial From lateral  Posterior tibial artery it begins at the distal border of the popliteus muscle it is larger terminal branch of the popliteal artery it is accompanied by the tibial nerve Branches: – Fibular ( peroneal) a – Circumflex fibular a – Medial malleolar a – Calcaneal brs – Nutrient a of tibia – Lat & med plantar aa Fibular (peroneal) artery: branch of posterior tibial a. it has: Muscular branches Nutrient a. to fibula Perforating br. Communicating br. Lateral malleolar brr. Calcaneal brr.  video links https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1J0HbV 2n5s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sBUudz LNTI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGKSn38 gHVY dissected https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63TEZSlO jy4 Acknowledgement: I thank you to all the scientists who for their efforts of providing and sharing the information/knowledge used in this ppt.