SNC1W Bio Review (Answers) PDF

SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 1 of 9 TOPICS TO STUDY: Lesson 1 Introducing Ecology Lesson 2 Food Chains and Food Webs Lesson 3 Energy Flows & Energy Pyramid Lesson 4 Cycling of Matter – Water and Carbon Cycles Lesson 5 Cycling of Matter – Nitrogen Cycles Les...

SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 1 of 9 TOPICS TO STUDY: Lesson 1 Introducing Ecology Lesson 2 Food Chains and Food Webs Lesson 3 Energy Flows & Energy Pyramid Lesson 4 Cycling of Matter – Water and Carbon Cycles Lesson 5 Cycling of Matter – Nitrogen Cycles Lesson 6 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Affecting Population Lesson 7 Biotic Interaction Lesson 8 Threats to Biodiversity – Part 1 Lesson 9 Threats to Biodiversity – Part 2 Lesson 10 Human Impacts on Soil Lesson 11 Working together to promote sustainability Lesson 1 Introducing Ecology 1) Match the description with its key term abiotic aquatic atmosphere ecosystem biotic biosphere habitat hydrosphere lithosphere niche terrestrial Key Term Definition / Description / Explanation atmosphere Layer of gases surrounds Earth niche All the interactions of a given species with its ecosystem biotic Living ecosystem Living organisms interact with non-living environment abiotic Non-living habitat The place where an organism live (specific place) biosphere Area where organisms can live (ALL) hydrosphere Oceans, lakes, ice, snow, rivers, groundwater terrestrial Land-based lithosphere Solid part of Earth’s surface aquatic Water-based 2) Classify each of the following as biotic or abiotic. a) Soil abiotic b) Flower biotic c) Tree biotic d) Bacteria biotic e) Water abiotic f) Wind abiotic g) Bird biotic h) Stone abiotic i) Sunlight abiotic 3) Which of the following sphere (hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere) does the following belongs to?  a) Soil lithosphere b) Flower biosphere c) Tree biosphere d) Bacteria biosphere e) Water hydrosphere f) Wind atmosphere g) Bird biosphere h) Stone lithosphere i) River hydrosphere SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 2 of 9 4) The diagram on the right shows an ecosystem. a) Name all the abiotic parts of the ecosystem. Sunlight and heat, rotting log, termite mounds b) Name all the biotic parts of the ecosystem. Bacteria, plankton, algae, protozoans, insects, fungi 5) What is the niche of rabbit? It lives in a forest It eats grass fox eats it 6) What is the difference between a sustainable ecosystem and an unsustainable ecosystem? Sustainable ecosystem can maintain over time Unsustainable ecosystem cannot maintain over time Lesson 2 Food Chains and Food Webs 7) Use the following information to label the food chain below carnivore herbivore plant primary consumer producer secondary consumer top carnivore tertiary consumer Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Plant Herbivore Carnivore Top Carnivore 8) Refer to the diagram below to answer the following questions: (i) Name all producer(s) in this food web. Green plant (ii) Name all secondary consumer(s) in this food web.  Lion/jackal/wildcat/owl/snake/rabbit (iii) Name all harbivore(s) in this food web. Goat/rabbit/mouse (iv) State all animal(s) that can be found in the trophic level 2. Goat/rabbit/mouse SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 3 of 9 (v) What trophic level(s) is/are the lion found in? 3,4,5 (vi) List one food chain from the food web above that has three trophic levels. Green plant → goat → lion Green plant → mouse → owl (vii) If rabbit population decreases, how will the population change for wild cat? The population of wild cat decreases. (viii) If mouse population increases, how will the population change for kite? Explain The population of kite increases. More mouse leads to more snakes. More snakes leads to more food for kite. (ix) If kite population increases, how will the population change for mouse? Explain The population of mouse increases. More kites leads to less snakes. Less snakes will hunt for mouse. Lesson 3 Energy Flows & Energy Pyramid 9) a) When a mouse eats a plant, what percentage of food energy is transferred from the plant to the mouse? 10% b) What happens to the rest of the energy? Lost as heat Lost as waste Used in body processes 10) What is the reaction of Photosynthesis? carbon dioxide + water + light energy sugar (glucose) + oxygen 11) What is the reaction of Cellular Respiration? sugar (glucose) + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy 12) Can living things use light energy directly? Explain No, light energy must be changed into chemical energy before it can be used 13) Since plant can capture the energy of sunlight in photosynthesis, why do plants need cellular respiration? Plant cannot directly use light energy. They need to convert it into useable energy during cellular respiration. 14) Where is the energy source for the biosphere? What type of energy is it? Energy Source: Sun Type of Energy: Light Energy 15) If a plant got 2345J of energy from the sun, how much energy does the following have? a) trophic level 2: 234J b) trophic level 3: 23J c) trophic level 4: 2J SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 4 of 9 16) What is wrong with the following energy pyramid? The pyramid should be decreasing (As the trophic level increases, the amount of energy should decreases.) Lesson 4&5 Cycling of Matter 17) Fill in the blanks for the following diagrams (2 of them) with the following information: (Some information may be used more than once) Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration Photosynthesis Eaten Waste / Death Cellular Respiration Burning Fossil Fuel Extraction Decomposition with oxygen Decomposition without oxygen Runoff Condensation Precipitation Photosynthesis Evaporation Runoff Respiration Burning Fossil Fuel Sugar / Cell in Sugar / Tissues Producer Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere Cellular Sugar / Tissues in Eaten Primary Consumer in Secondary Eaten Consumer Fossil Fuel Waste / Death Food for Decomposition Decomposers without Decomposition with oxygen oxygen  Fossil Fuel located deep underground Extraction SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 5 of 9 18) Match the letter with the following processes: (Some processes may have more than one letter) Nitrification: C Nitrogen Decomposition: E BA Nitrogen Fixing: B Absorb: J FG Denitrification: A Eaten: D,I E I Waste / Death: F,G,H Ammonium Nitrate H C J D Food for Decomposer 19) Why is the cycling of matter important? Because there are only limited amounts of resources available on Earth, they must be recycled to ensure sustainability. 20) a) Which carbon cycle processes increase the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Decomposition / Cellular Respiration / Burning Fossil Fuel b) Which carbon cycle processes decrease the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Photosynthesis 21) a) What are the two human impacts on the carbon cycle? (i) Burning Fossil Fuel (ii) deforestation b) What is the effect of the human impacts on the carbon cycle? Increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 22) How is the cycling of matter (nutrients) different from the movement of energy in an ecosystem?  Nutrients are not created or destroyed in the ecosystem. They are recycled. Energy comes from the sun and flows one way through the ecosystem. 23) What is the difference between evaporation and transpiration? Evaporation is from a body of water while transpiration is from plants 24) What does nitrification in the nitrogen cycle do? Converts ammonium into nitrates 25) What changes does the human activity introduce on the nitrogen cycle? Added extra nitrate SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 6 of 9 26) What effect(s) will the human activity on the nitrogen cycle? Eutrophication (Extra nutrients leads to increase in the number of primary producer) Lesson 6 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Affecting Population 27) What is the difference between Exponential Growth and Carrying Capacity? Exponential Growth is when resource is not limited. Carrying Capacity is when resource is limited. 28) Give 3 examples of abiotic limiting factor. (Any 3 of) Amount of sunlight / Amount of Water / Natural Disaster / Space / Temperature 29) Using the following graph, answer the following parts a) Between what times is the population at its carrying capacity? After 80 days b) Between what times is the population at its exponential growth? Between 0 to 80 days c) Speculate a biotic limiting factor that can affect the water flea’s population. Competition / Food Source / Number of Predator / Disease 30) For a forest (terrestrial) ecosystem, predict what happen to the carrying capacity of maple leaf tree when the amount of sunlight decreases. Carrying capacity decreases because less sunlight leads to less photosynthesis which leads to fewer trees. 31) Give an example of top-down population regulation. More hawks lead to more hunts for woodpeckers, which leads to fewer woodpeckers 32) What abiotic limiting factors may affect the growth of an oak tree in an Ontario forest? (Answer may vary) low amount of precipitation, low amount of sunlight, very high temperature, high pollution, … Lesson 7 Biotic Interaction 33) Give an example of predation in a terrestrial ecosystem  (many possible answers) wolf eats arctic fox / arctic fox eats caribou 34) What is the different between intraspecific and interspecific competition? Intraspecific competition is between the same species and interspecific is between different species SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 7 of 9 35) Explain the 3 types of symbiosis Mutualism: Both species benefits Commensalism: One species benefits and no harm to the other Parasitism: One species benefits at the expense of the other 36) Classify each of the following as parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, competition, or predation a) Clownfish gets more food for sea anemone. In turn, sea anemone protect clownfish Mutualism b) Different species of tree grow taller to get more sunlight Competition c) Cattle egrets eat the insect that cows kicked up while the cows are eating Commensalism d) Lions hunt for deer Predation e) Mushroom exchange nutrients with tree to benefit each other Mutualism f) Coyotes search around and hunt for rabbits Predation g) Ticks live on the bodies of mammals and feed on the host’s blood Parasitism 37) What is the difference between top-down population regulation and bottom-up population regulation? Top-down is the top trophic level affects the lower trophic level. Bottom-Up is the lower trophic level affects the top tropic level. 38) Complete the following table. + : Advantage −: Disadvantage 0: No effect Interactions Species A Species B Predation + − Competition − − Mutualism + + Commensalism + 0 Parasitism + − Lesson 8&9 Threats to Biodiversity 39) What is biodiversity? The number and variety of organisms in an ecosystem 40) Why is biodiversity important? Higher biodiversity leads to better sustainability 41) What does biodiversity measure? Number of species Ratio of Population between different species Genetic or Behavior Differences in each species 42) Name at least 2 benefits for high biodiversity. High ecosystem sustainability / Discovery of new medicine & materials / Enjoy the nature better / Inspire more people 43) What resources have been overexploited? Fish / Water SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 8 of 9 44) What substances that are responsible for acid precipitation are released into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels? carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide 45) Canada has made progress in reducing its emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the two substances that cause acid precipitation. What can you do to reduce the emission?(Name at least 3) (i) Burn less fossil fuel (ii) Use hybrid car (iii) Take transit 46) As more and more houses were built around a small lake, people noticed that there was a buildup of green algae in the water. They also notice that fishing was poor. a) What could have caused the problem? Eutrophication (Extra nitrate from fertilizer causes more green algae to grow in water.) b) Why does the fishing become poor? Depletion of oxygen in the lake 47) Explain why large amount of fertilizer can threaten aquatic ecosystem. This cause eutrophication and will leads to a depletion of oxygen in water. The lack of oxygen will threaten all organisms in water 48) Name at least 4 threats to biodiversity. Habitat change or loss / Overexploitation / Pollution / Invasive species / Climate change / Extinction 49) How does pesticide (such as DDT) enter a food web/ food chain? When herbivore eats plant, the pesticide on the plant enters into the bodies of herbivore 50) What is relationship between the trophic level of organism and the concentration of DDT (pesticide) in its body? The higher the trophic level, the higher the pesticide concentration 51) Why should Canadians be concerned that other countries have not banned pesticide (DDT)? Animal migrating or food imported from other places will pass the bioaccumulation of pesticide into Canada 52) What is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnifications? Bioaccumulation is the gradual buildup of pesticide when organism consume food Biomagnification is the increase in the amount of pesticide as the trophic level increases 53) Why is non-native species introduced to new environment? Accidentally in shipments / Economic / Control other species / Release of pet into the wild SNC1DL – Ecology Review Page 9 of 9 54) Are all non-native species invasive? Explain. No, most non-native species do not survive the new environment 55) How do you know a species is invasive? When non-native species create a negative impact 56) How do you minimize habitat change / loss? Recycle more so that we use less tree, build condo instead of houses 57) How do you minimize pollution? Use biodegradable plastic bags, minimize waste, conserve, burn less fossil fuel, minimize run-off, minimize pesticide use, send heavy metal to hazardous waste station Lesson 10 Human Impacts on Soil 58) Match the description with its key term Bedrock Organic Subsoil Top Soil Layer Components Subsoil Large rock with a little humus Top Soil Small particles of rock and humus Bedrock Rock layer Organic Partially decomposed leaves and grasses 59) Explain why topsoil is a very important layer of soil. Because it is rich in nutrients, oxygen and water. 60) What are some of the human related activities that have an effect on soil? Acid rain / people walking on soil / using too much fertilizer / deforestation / Overgrazing by livestock Lesson 11 Working together to promote sustainability 61) What is restoration ecology? The renewal of degraded or destroyed ecosystem by human methods 62) What is ecological footprint? An estimate of how much land and water is needed to support your lifestyle 63) Is our current ecological footprint sustainable? Explain. No. Our current ecological footprint is larger than the ecosystem can provide.