Snap Beans Production Guide PDF

 Snap Beans Production Guide This Publication is a project of the Department of Agriculture, Regional Field Office No. 02, High Value Crops Development Program. It contains the most recently available and locally adaptable technical informat...

 Snap Beans Production Guide This Publication is a project of the Department of Agriculture, Regional Field Office No. 02, High Value Crops Development Program. It contains the most recently available and locally adaptable technical information on Scap Beans Production in Region 02. June 2017 Snap Beans Production Guide 3 INTRODUCTION Snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgris L.), popular called Baguio bean (habichuelas”, is also known as French bean, green bean, string bean, kidney bean, and haricot bean. It is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable legumes in the Philippines. The term “snap” pertains to the manner by which young pods are used as vegetables- snapping them to smaller pieces. It also refers to the lower fiber content in snap bean pods compared to dry bean pods, which are tougher and grown only for the dry seeds. There are two types of snap bean grown in the Cordillera: the pole type, which is more preferred by farmers in Benguet; and the bush type, which is preferred by farmers in Mountain Province and Ifugao. Uses and Nutritional Value The succulent young pods of snap beans can be steamed, sautéed, buttered, or cooked along with other vegetables. Per 100 grams (g) edible portion, fresh snap bean pods contains the following: Properties Amount Water 90.5 Energy (kcal) 36.0 Protein 2.0 Fat 0.1 Carbohydrates 6.8 Fiber 1.2 Ash 0.6 Calcium 77.0 Phosphorus 38.0 Iron 1.2 Vitamin A 60.0 Thiamine (mg) 0.06 Riboflavin (mg) 0.09  4 Snap Beans Production Guide Niacin (mg) 0.7 Scorbic acid (mg) 17.0 Source: The Philippine Food Composition Tables, 1997, Food and Nutrition Research Institute- Department and Technology (FNRI-DOST). PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Varietal Selection Below are the various types of varieties that can be planted in Region 02 condition due to their versatility: Varieties Pole Type Bush Type Alno/ Black Valentine Patig Labrador Norman Kaki/Kanaya Matador Redford B-21 Bush Blue Lake 274 Burik Taichung # 1 Gemmy Stringless Blue Lake 5-7 Black Kentucky Black Gonder Kentucky Gonder Mayabong BSU-I SOIL AND CLIMATE REQUIREMENT Snap beans grows best in medium to high elevation areas or temperatures of 18 °- 29 °C. It can also be grown in low elevation areas during the cool, dry months, but the yields tend to be lower; and the pods, more fibrous. Temperatures above 32 °C cause blossom drop and deformed pods. Planting is usually done during October and November to achieve higher percentage of pod set. Snap Beans Production Guide 5 Snap beans thrives best in well-drained, clay loam soil, rich in organic matter with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. Land Preparation Plow and harrow the area 2-2 times. For single row planting, make furrows 0.75-1.0 meter (m) apart. For double-row planting, make 1 m wide and 0.2 m high raised beds. Dig shallow holes 0.3 m between hills. Mix well-decomposed animal manure and/or 14-14-14 fertilizer during bed preparation. Mulching Use plastic mulch to suppress weeds and conserve soil moisture. After making the raised beds and incorporating manure, apply plastic as mulch with the silver side up. To ensure that the plastic is well stretched, apply during the silver side up. To ensure that the plastic is well stretched, apply during the hotter part of the day. Secure the ends and the sides with soil. Make holes 30-50 cm apart using heated tin cans. The plastic mulch can be used for up to four croppings without being removed from the plot. Planting On hectare of snap beans requires 40 kg seeds for the pole type and bush type. After basal fertilization of organic and/or inorganic fertilizers, directly sow 2 – 3 seeds per hill at a distance of 30 cm x 30 cm between hills, cover lightly with soil, and apply mulch using grass clippings or rice straw. If plastic mulch will be used, directly sow 2-3 seeds per hole and cover lightly with soil. Trellising For the pole type snap bean, construct A-type or fence type trellis using bamboo sticks, “rono” or wire # 16, and abaca or plastic twine before vine development. Fertilization The general fertilizer recommendation for snap beans is 135 kg/ha Nitrogen (N), 135 kg/ha Phosphorus Pent oxide (P2 O5) and 112 kg/ha Potassium Oxide (K2 O). However, proper fertilization should be based on  6 Snap Beans Production Guide soil analysis. Apply 2-3 t/ha decomposed chicken manure in order to contribute 40-60 kg NPK and micronutrients. Apply 3 bags/ha 14-14-14 (complete fertilizer) as basal fertilizer side dress with one bag urea. Fermented plant juice (FPJ) may also be used to improve plant vigor. To prepare manure tea soak 3/4 sack of dried cow or horse manure in a 3/4 plastic drum (200-L capacity) of water. Soak for 7 days with frequent stirring. Dilute manure tea in up to 20 parts water and spray on the leaves at 1-2 weeks interval. To prepare FPJ, mix three parts chopped plant shoots or banana trunk with one part raw sugar or molasses. Ferment mixture for 7 days. Use 1 tbsp. per 4L of water for drenching on the plots or as foliar fertilizer. Irrigation Snap beans requires constant supply of moisture throughout the growing period. Water the plants regularly to enhance flowering and pod setting. Avoid too much that can cause root pot. On the other hand, too little water can result to flower and pod drop. Weed Management Pull out weeds regularly from planting up to the third week. Hill up after 2-3 weeks to cover the side dressed fertilizer and to suppress weed growth. Regularly spot weeding is recommended, but a minimum level of weed growth may be allowed along the alleys to protect the soil. Hilling up is not necessary when plastic mulch is used. Pest and Disease Management Pest Management Recommendations Beanfly - Spray with soap solution (4 tbsp. soap/16 L water. If needed, spray with permenthrin, cypermenthrin, or other appropriate chemicals following the recommended rates. Aphids - Spray with hot pepper extract (100 g macerated hot pepper/16 Snap Beans Production Guide 7 L water) and soap solution. If needed, spray with cypermenthrin, fevalerate, deltamethrin, or other appropriate chemicals following the recommended rates. Leafhopper - Plant sacrificial crops like okra. Spray with soap solution or Methahizium. Pod Borer - Grow repellant crops like basil, onion, and marigold. Spray with Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) or Nuclear poly hedrosis Virus (NPV). Leaf Miner - Conserve natural enemies like spiders, lacewings and syrphid flies. Diseases Management Recommendations Antracnose - Use resistant varieties such as B-21. Remove sources of inoculum. Bacterial Blight - Spray with copper-base fungicides following the recommended rates. Bean Rust - Use resistant varieties such as Blue Lake, B-21 and Taichung #1. Remove and burn infected leaves. Fusarium root rot - Use resistant varieties such as B-21. Grow snap bean in a well-drained soil. Practice crop rotation Harvesting Pole snap beans is harvested 60-70 days after planting (DAP), depending on the pod diameter and toughness permitted in the market. It is handpicked every 3-5 days for up to 10 times. Bush snap bean can be harvested as, bright in color, fresh in appearance early as 55-60 DAP or at 2 weeks after flower opening at the appropriate pod thickness required by the market. Harvest early in the morning (6-8a.m.) before the heat of the sun gets too intense to avoid weight loss. Pods should be well formed, straight, bright in color, fresh in appearance, tender but firm, and crisp.  8 Snap Beans Production Guide Postharvest Handling Pods are classified as marketable and non-marketable. Marketable pods are graded/sorted according to size and quality. First grade pods are unblemished, tender, straight, long, and at the right maturity. Second grade pods short, have minimal blemishes and distortion, and slightly over the picking stage. Unselected pods are considered non marketable but can still be consumed. Optimum storage contains are 5°-7.5°C and 95-100 % relative maturity. Packing Pack pods in bamboo baskets lined with available local materials such as newspapers or banana leaves. Plastic sacks, poly-ethelene bags, or “bayong” are also suitable for packing pods. Pods can be transported to distant markets with minimal weight loss when packed in thick lined crates. Snap bean is sold in the local market with Manila as the main outlet. Wholesalers and retailers handle the distribution to smaller outlets in the provinces. Seed Production Snap bean is self-pollinated. Select plants that are vigorous and are free of damage from pests and diseases. At 90-100 days from sowing, harvest dry pods and extract seeds. Sun-dry to around 10 % moisture content. To determine if the moisture content is acceptable, put some seeds inside a plastic bag and place under the sun. After 20-30 minutes or more, depending on how intense the heat of the sun is, continue sun- drying the seeds. Pack the dry seeds in moisture-proof containers and store in a cool, dry place. If properly stored, seeds can remain viable for about two years. Snap Beans Production Guide 9 COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS PER ONE HECTARE Items Amount (P) Variable Costs 5,000 Labor (P250/man-day (MD) 2,500 Clearing (20MD) 5,000 Bed preparation (20MD) 5,000 Manure Application (15MD) 3,750 Planting (10MD) 2,500 Trellising (10MD) 2,500 Vine Training (10 MD) 2,500 Sidedressing/hilling up (30MD) 2,500 Spraying (8MD) 2,000 Weeding/Hilling Up (30MD) 7,500 Irrigation (10MD) 2,500 Harvesting (30MD) 7,500 Miscellaneuos (hauling, etc( (10MD) 2,500 Sub-Total P 42,750 MATERIALS Items Amount (P) Seeds (40 kg) 20,000 Manure (40 bags @250/bag) 10,000 Fertilizer 14-14-14 (3 bags) 3,000 46-0-0 (1 bag) 980 Insecticides (2 liters) 1,000 Fungicides (2 packs) 700 Fuel and Oil 3,000 Trellis materials (4,000 pcs) 4,000 Packaging Materials 4,000  10 Snap Beans Production Guide Miscellaneous (pail, gloves, etc.) 2,000 Sub-total 48,680 Knap sack sprayer (1 unit) 2500 Scythe (5 pcs) 250 Hoe (5 pcs) 600 Shovel (3 pcs) 450 Plastic Drum (2 pcs) 1,000 Sub Total 4,800 Total Cost 96,230 Gross Income: Regular Season- ( at P15/ kg with 20t/ha yield) =P300,000 Offseason - (at P25/kg with 15t/ha yield) =P375,000 Net Income: Regular Season- P 300,000-96,230 = 203,770 Offseason - P 375,000-96,230 = 278,770 References: Cultural Directions of Agricultural Crops, 1996 Snap Bean Production Guide, Information Bulletin No. 274-2009  EDITORIAL STAFF Writer / Editor : Prisca B. Baquiran Information Officer II RAFIS Technical Editors : Celerina T. Miranda Station Manager, NVES Villaros, Tapaya, Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya Layout Artist : Erwin C. Cachero RAFIS Editor-in-Chief: HECTOR U. TABBUN Information Officer-III Chief, Regional Agricultural and Fisheries Information Section (RAFIS) Consultants: ROBERT B. OLINARES OIC-RTD for Operations ORLANDO J. LORENZANA Regional Technical Director for Extension, Research and Regulatory LUCRECIO R. ALVIAR JR., CESO III Regional Executive Director  Produced By: High Value Crops Development Program (HVCDP) Contact No. (078) 846-3379 Regional Agricultural and Fisheries Information Section (RAFIS) Contact No.: (078) 304-0562 Email Address: [email protected] / [email protected]