Rifle G-3A3: Instructions & Parts (PDF)

10 b. Hand Guard. (Figure 8). The removable hand guard is secured to the barrel by a retaining pin. Jj. facilitates handling of the rifle and protects the hands when the barrel is hot. Figure 8—Hand guard. c. Breech Mechanism. (Figure 9). The breech mechanis...

10 b. Hand Guard. (Figure 8). The removable hand guard is secured to the barrel by a retaining pin. Jj. facilitates handling of the rifle and protects the hands when the barrel is hot. Figure 8—Hand guard. c. Breech Mechanism. (Figure 9). The breech mechanism chambers the round, locks the barrel, fires the cartridge, unlocks the barrel, extracts and ejects the empty case. The breech mechanism consists of-- (I) Bolt head carrier with recoil spring and bolt head locking lever. (2) Bolt head with rollers, extractors, and extractor spring. (3) Lo c k i n g p i e c e. (4) Firing pin. (5) Firing pin spring.  11 ‘.4 ozs Figure 9—Breech Mechanism. d. Trigger Group. (Figure 10). Thetrigurhousipz with the hand guard contai an ; it is hinged to the receiver, closing off the bottom. It can be removed. m*Vpm... Mys:4'4,MM' Figure 10 __ Trigger housing group.  12 e. Butt Group. (Figure 11). The butt group includes the back plate, buffer mechanism, butt, recoil spring tube with recoil spring guide rod and recoil spring. The back plate closes off the receiver at the rear. The sling holder is secured to the stock with two hollow rivets into which the two retaining pins are inserted during stripping of the rifle to prevent their loss. Tf ere three types of butts in use i..e wooden, plastic and re taaable. Figure 11—Butt group. Accessories 14. a. Magazine. (Figure 12). The magazine is made of steel or light alloy and has a capacity of 20 rounds. From the magazine, cartridges are fed to the rifle. The magazine consists of a magazine housing, spring, follower and cover.  13 Figure 12—Magazine. b. Sling. (Figure 13). The sling is used for carrying the rifle on the march and for additional support when launching grenades or in sniper firing. It consists of sling, loop, adjuster and snap link; with the snap link, the s ing is oo e in o an eye bolt at the front sight holder. Its loop is fastened tTtiFeThrtrai t a cut outocti Erat the rear. — Figure 13—Sling.  14 c. Blank Cartridge Recoil Booster. (Figure 14). The blank cartridge recoil booster is an accessory for firing blank cartridges either singly or in bursts. - This device i s installed to the muzzle in place of the flash hider. Figure 14—Blank cartridge recoil booster. A mmuniti on 15. Following types of ammunition are used with the Rifle G-3A3 M 9.1 a. For training purposes and functional check: Drill Cartridge 7.62 mm. b. For practice and combat firing:– (1) Blank ammunition 7.62 mm x 51, (L10A2). (2) Ball ammunition 7.62 mm x 51, (L2A2). (3) Tracer ammunition 7.62 mm x 51, (TRA L5 A3). c. For launching grenades: Grenade cartridge 7.62 mm x 51 (RG-L1A2).  15 16. Only service ammunition will be used. It must not be dirty, oxidized or damaged. Service cartridges with loose projectiles will not be fired. Improved Version of Rifle G-3A3 18. An improved version of rifle G-3 is also being produced. Additional features are as follow:– a. Muzzle Brake. Flash hider has been designed to serve as a muzzle brake. The felt recoil has been reduced considerably which helps in improving the shooting standards and allows a firer to recover very fast from recoil inbetween shots (Figure 15),e Figure 15—Muzzle brake. b. Free Floated Barrel. The free floated barrel also contributes towards improving accuracy over the existing rifles of fixed barrels. c. Ejection Port Buffer. (Figure 16). Previously the fired cases used to scatter all over the area. With the provision of an ejection port buffer the rounds fall at a distance of 5 to 6 metres at an angle of 20- 25 degrees from the rifle. It eliminates the need for  16 cartridge ease collector, also the cartridge cases arc not damaged in any way and can be re-cycled easily if desired. -.1% ? : „. Figure 16 __Ejection port buffer. d. Ambidextrous Fire Selector Lever. Provision of ambidextrous fire selector helps both the left and right handed shooters to select the firing mode in a convenient manner. Figure 17—Rifle with carrying handle.  17 e. Carrying handle. andle. The carrying handle is placed where the centre of gravity lies. It is a useful addition which facilitates carriage of rifle in combat conditions (Figure 17). f. Radium Tipped Sight. A thin bar of radium on the blade of front sight has been placed. It helps in aimed firing during night (Figure 18). Figure 18—Radium tipped sight. g Bipod. Rifle G-3 can be fired on automatic role. But practically it becomes quite cumbersome for a firer to carry Out sustained fire over a longer period of time due to more recoil. Bipod has eradicated this problem. Now the rifle can be fired on automatic role for a longer time (Figure 19) with comfort.  18 4- Figure 19—Rifle with bipod. h. Nomenclature with part numbers of rifle G-3A3 version fixed butt stock are given in Annex B. CHAPTER – 1 INSTRUCTIONAL LESSON 1 - SAFETY, STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING, CARE AND CLEANING Aim 1. To introduce the rifle and to teach how to strip, assemble and clean it. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines, bayonets, scabbards, slings, oil bottles, flannelette, pull-throughs, drill rounds and a chamber cleaning brush. Notes 3. a. Seat your squad in a semi-circle.  19 b. As you handle parts of the rifle, name them and say briefly their purpose, but do not at this stage, try to make the men memorize the names of parts. c. Impress upon the men that when cocking the rifle, the cocking handle must be pulled to the rear and then released cleanly and completely, no attempt being made to follow the cocking handle. d. This lesson requires two periods. Preliminaries 4. Issue stores to the squad. Safety Precautions 5. Explain and demonstrate paragraphs 6 to 8; make the men copy your actions. 6. On the command 'For inspection—port arms'; a. Bring your rifle to the loading position. Check that the safety catch is at 'S' (safe). b. Tilt the rifle to the right; take off the magazine by pressing the magazine catch with the thumb and pushing the magazine forward. c. Place the magazine in your pouch; (When equipment is not being worn put the magazine in your trouser pocket or inside your belt). d. Cock the rifle; to do this unfold the cocking handle and pull it right back. Rotate the cocking handle upwards thus holding it in the slot. Return your left hand to the hand guard. When the barrel is being inspected, place your right hand forefinger in the rear of the ejection opening. Have the finger nail facing the chamber and slanting at an angle of 45 degrees to the rear so that light is reflected into the barrel. After the barrel has been inspected  20 return your right hand to the small of the butt. (Figure 20). Figure 20—The inspection position. 7. Inspect all rifles, magazines and pouches to make certain that they are empty. Show your own rifle, magazines and pouches to the squad. 8. On the command, 'Ease spring', or when your rifle has been inspected:— a. Pull the cocking handle back out of the slot, let it go and fold it forward. ,r,.mmwm.mummmilimensftlesu'rripaimmimu,  21 b. Push the safety catch to 'E' with your right thumb or using the left hand. c. Hold the pistol grip firmly with your right hand. Put your forefinger on the trigger and press the trigger gently to take up the slack, go on pressing until the hammer flies forward. d. Put the safety catch back to 'S' (Safe) by pressing upwards with your right thumb or using the left hand. e. Take the magazine from your pouch, put the front end into the magazine opening and pull it back until it is secured by the magazine catch. Fasten your pouch. f. Return to the position of attention, then stand at ease. 9. These motions must be carried o ut at the beginning and end of every lesson, practice and range period. 10. You must carry out the same procedure immediately on returning to barracks and on completion of any duty or patrol. Safe Handling 11. Explain a. Always co nsider a rifle loaded until it has been properly inspected. b. Do not playfully point a loaded or unloaded rifle at any one. c. Do not play with the trigger or carelessly operate it; this may endanger others. d. The purpose of the safety is to prevent the rifle from being fired accidentally. Therefore, make it a  22 rule never to unlock the safety before you take your firing position. e. Pr ior to firing, the forefinger is kep t extend ed along the trigger guard. Place the forefinger on the trigger only when you are going to squeeze it. f. Whenever you pick up a rifle, whether your own or someone else's, always take off the magazine, pull back the cocking handle and look into the breech and chamber to make sure they are empty. g. When you hand a rifle to someone else, either show him that it is unloaded, or hand it over with the safety catch at 'S', the muzzle pointing straight up in the air and tell him that it is loaded. 12. Question the squad on the safe handling of the rifle. Stripping 13. Demonstrate paragraphs 14 to 21; make men copy your actions. To Strip the Rifle 1 4. E x pla i n a. The rifle is disassembled and assembled without the use of tools. 1?..o_na. b. Stri ping is permitted only to the extent specified in drip e. c. Be careful not to mix up parts of different rifles. Bolt head carrier, bolt head, trigger housing and back plate are marked with the last three digits of the rifle's serial number.  23 15. Main Groups a. Prior to stripping, set the rifle at safe, remove magazine and pull bolt head a little to the rear to make sure that chamber is clear. Take off the bayonet if fitted by pressing in the stud and lifting it. off. Unhook sling from eye bolt. b. Remove stock retaining pins from hack plate and insert. them into the hollow rivets on the stock. c. Withdraw butt group with recoil spring tube rod and recoil spring to the rear of the receiver. Figure 21—Breech mechanism.  24 d. Remove the trigger housing group retaining pin and take off the trigger housing group. e. Pull the cocking handle and catch breech mechanism as it slides out of the receiver (Figure 21). Move cocking handle back into forward position. f. U ns cr e w fl as h hid er o r b la n k c ar tr id ge f ir i n g device. g. Remo ve hand guard retaining pins and p ull o ff hand guard (Figure 22). Figure 22—Hand guard.  25 h. Do not unlock safety or operate trigger while stock group is separated from the weapon because with the hammer in uncocked position, the bolt head cannot be moved forward during assembly. Breech Mechanism 16. a. With the left hand, grasp bolt head carrier so that recoil spring points to the right (Figure 23). With the right hand, rotate bolt head one quarter turn to the left and pull it off.. A‘"VC: ,. 151 Figure 23—Breech mechanism stripping. b. With the right hand, rotate locking piece further to the left until it can be removed from the bolt head carrier together with firing pin and firing pin spring. (Figure 24). Separate firing pin and firing pin spring.  1.1111111111,:, 26 Figure 24—Breech mechanism stripping. Assembly 17./ a. To assemble the breech mechanism, proceed in reverse order of stripping. b. Grasp bolt head carrier with left hand with recoil spring down and pointing to the right. (Figure 25). Figure 25 Brecch mechanism assembling. —  27 c. Slide assembled firing pin, firing pin spring, and locking piece into the bolt head carrier and rotate it so that the locking piece lug points upwards towards the body. (Figure 26). Figure 26—Breech mechanism assembling. d. Slide bolt head on to control cone and rotate it so that its beveled surface can be slipped over the key of the operating slide catch. (Figure 27). ma m. Figure 27—Breech mechanism assembling.  28 e. Now push bolt head further to the left, to obtain a 5 mm clearance between bolt head and bolt head carrier, then rotate it to the right until the sliding surfaces of bolt head and bolt head carrier are aligned. (Figure 28). Figure 28—Breech mechanism assembling. Installing the Breech Mechanism in the Receiver 1 8. a. When installing the breech mechanism i n the receiver, check if rollers on bolt head yield to hand pressure. If rollers cannot be depressed rotate bolt head one eigth of a turn to the left, pull it to the rear against the stop and then rotate it back until the sliding surfaces on bolt head and bolt head carrier are aligned (Figure 29). b. When installing the breech mechanism, be careful not to push face of bolt head against the receiver. This would cause the bolt head to slide back, thereby locking the rollers and making installation impossible. If the rollers have moved out of their recesses, the bolt head must be drawn back again,  29 as shown in Figure 27. Never apply force when installing breech mechanism in receiver. Figure 29—Breech mechanism assembling. Main Group 19. Assembly of main groups is accomplished in reverse order of stripping. 21. a. Attach trigger housing group to the receiver and swing it up into place to see that the ejector is depressed and hammer is cocked. Replace butt group with recoil spring into the receiver and secure it with retaining pins. To check that the rifle is correctly assembled operate the cocking handle several times. b. Put the safety catch at 'E' point the muzzle up and press the trigger. c. Put the safety catch to 'S' (safe). Never move the safety catch 'S' while you are pressing the trigger,  30 21. Fix the bayonet (if required) by placing the ring on the bayonet handle over the flash hider; ensure that the slot in the top of the handle slides over the flash hider and is firmly secured when you hear the click. Attach the sling. Magazine 22. a. Strippi ng: (Figure 30). Grasp the magazine with the left hand with the base up and the spade. Shaped depression pointing to the left. With the right hand, raise the overlapping forward edges of the base-plate clear of the magazine housing and slide the plate out with the left thumb, pushing from the rear. With the right hand, assist the sliding action. Catch the magazine spring and then remove spring with follower from the. magazine housing. IM Figure 30—Stripping of magazine.  31 b. Assembly. (Figure 31). Grasp the magazine body with the left hand with the short portion pointing to the left, with the right hand, insert follower and magazine spring, pushing follower up against the upper edge of the magazine housing. For this purpose, the magazine may be supported against the rifleman's body. Now with the left hand, slide the base-plate with its overlapped end slightly raised over the guides of the magazine body, and push it to the right until it snaps into place. Figure 31—Assembling of magazine. 23. Practise the men in stripping and assembling.  32 Cleaning 24. Explain and demonstrate paragraphs 25 to 28. Make men copy your actions. Cleaning Materials 26. Every rifleman is responsible for the care and cleaning of his weapon. The condition of his rifle reflects his sense of order, cleanliness, and duty as well as the quality of supervision. Proper care of arms ensures readiness, prevents premature wear, and thus makes time-consuming repairs unnecessary. To enable you to do this you have the following cleaning materials, (Figure 32):— a. 13 mile Stopper. It is plastic bottle for oil and includes an applicator. b. Brush cleaning used for cleaning of oil in the barrel beTorai ring. - c. Brush cleaning used for c s 6_
This is primarily required to clean the carbon deposits after conduct of firing. d. Brush Cleaning and Oilin. This brush is meant to clean ofrdn Vdrst. etcetera from small/inaccessible — parts of the rifle. The same can also be used to oil such parts. e. Pull Through. It consists of a nylon string and srrnSITT QTZ 0 f flannelette cloth. It is used to clean - - - tile bore before and after the firing. Basic Daily Cleaning 26. a. Make sure that your rifle is unloaded and then strip it as you have been taught. Do not strip the firing pin and magazines unless they are wet or dirty.  33 Figure 32—Cleaning materials. b. _The Chamber. Dirty chamber can be classified under two headings viz:– (I) Corrosive dirt i.e, gas fouling and rust etc. (2) Non-corrosive dirt i.e, dust and other similar non-corrosive foreign matter. c. Corrosive Dirt. If gas fouling and rust etc are not.removed from the chamber it will result in malfunction in the form o n +ro r amberin !( i m ro er lockin )ard extraction an ducti n in ra e o ire. ter t e remova o gas fouling and rust etc there may be an adverse effect on the diameter of the chamber and on the gas flutes in the chamber. This may result in hard extraction and the resultant failure in function or reduction in the rate of fire. d. Non-corrosive Dirt. If non-corrosive foreign matter is not removed from the chamber before firing it will result in the same malfunciton as explained in the case of dirty chamber with corrosive matter. 'UIMMININENEW Nor  34 e. Clea n in g o f D irty Ch a m b e rs. In view of the adverse and destructive effects of corrosive dirt like gas fouling and rust, it must be ensured that chamber is free from these matters. Particular attention should be paid to the cleaning of chamber after firing and during the monsoon season and other rainy days. Frequent inspection and cleaning of chamber will ensure the absence of gas fouling and rust and will guarantee better performance of the weapon. Chamber must also be free from loose dust etc and cleaning of chamber must be carried out after Drill and musketry periods. Particular care should be taken during the outdoor exercises. It is usually this period that appropriate time is not given to the cleaning of weapons. f. The Barrel. To clean the barrel:- (1) Unroll the pull-through and straighten it. (2) Put a piece of f l a n n e l e t t e , 1 0 x 5 centimetres, in the centre loop and-wrap it "flyttryd-ticord. The end loop is for use by the armourer to remove a broken pull- through. (3) Close the rifle and drop the pull-through weight through the barrel from the breech end; pull it through in one movement. To avoid rubbing of cord against the edge of the muzzle install the flash hider. Pull the barrel several times. (4) Open the rifle and examine the bore to see that it is clean, i.e, hold the muzzle to your eye and look into the grooves for dirt; as you do so move your head back from the muzzle. Do the same from the breech end.  35 g. Oil the barrel using flannelette 10 centimetres by 4 centimetres. 27. Using the brush and a slightly oily rag clean the following:— a. The Receiver. Clean the inside of the receiver especially the various guiding grooves, the rear wall of the chamber, the loading mechanism and the release lever. b. T h e B r e e c h M e c h a n i s m. Strip the breech mec lanism as a rea y Vght and clean, locking piece, firing pin spring, firing pin, recoil spring and bolt head carrier. Assemble the breech mechanism and install it in the receiver. c. The Trigger Housing Group. Clean the release ev , mer, ejector, retaining and the safety catch. d. The Butt Group. Clean the recoil spring and the recoil plate. e. Outer Surface of the Rifle. Starting at the flash hider and working down to the butt: — 4 Flash hider and bayonet boss. Snap ring and front sight holder. Eye bolt and hand guard. The outside of receiver and the cocking handle housing, trigger guard, rotary back sight, butt stock locking pins and back plate with butt stock. (5) Pistol grip, butt and the sling holder. f. The Magazine. Clean the magazine inside and out, pin an empty one on the rifle. Check that the safety catch is at 'S'. L."  36 g Bayonet and Scabbard. Clean the bayonet and scabbard with a slightly oily rag. Put them and the sling back on the rifle if required. Cleaning for Abnormal Conditions 28. a. Damp or Humid Conditions. In damp or humid conditions clean as you have been taught but inspect more frequently; clean off any rust and re- oil b. Dry, Sandy or Dusty Conditions:— (1) It is important in dusty and sandy conditions that all parts of your rifle and magazines are kept dry. All parts of the rifle must be dried out either by using a dry-cleaning solvent or by sweating them in the sun, constantly wiping off the exuding oil. Cleaning brushes should be washed in soap and water and dried bafore use. Magazine can be placed in boiling water. To test whether your rifle and magazines are dry enough pour sand over them. All the sand should roll off. (3) With your rifle in this oil free state you must obviously be on the look out for rust, but remember if you use oil to get the rust off, you must dry out your rifle again. c. Cold Weather. When the weather is so cold that normal oil freezes, dry the whole rifle and magazine. Before using rifle at very low temperatures, work operating parts several times by hand. Donot oil sliding surfaces. When the rifle is subjected nges in the temperature moisture will condense on the cold surfaces of parts and cause them to freeze. Therefore do not bring the rifle inside heated quarters but leave it, protected against the weather in the open.  37 29. Practise the men in stripping and cleaning their rifles. Co nc l u sio n 30. a. Questions from and to the squad. b. Sum up. Stressing the importance of careful cleaning and maintenance. LESSON 2- M AG AZI N E FI LLI NG , SI GHT SETTING, LOADING, UN- LOADI NG AND MAKE SAFE Ai m 1. To teach how to fill magazine, set the sights, to load, unload and make safe. Scope 2. Rifles, magazines, drill rounds. P r eli mi n ar ie s 3. Revise stripping, cleaning and assembling. C a r e o f Ammunition 4. Explain and demonstrate paragraphs 5 to 6. Make the' men copy your actions. 5. a. The calibre of ammunition is 7.62 mm. b. It is packed 20 rounds to a card, board carton. c. Dirty ammunition causes jams and inaccur ate - 111caiiiag, Inspect each round, especially the base half, and discard any damaged round.  38 Always look after your ammunition; keep it clean and do not let it be in the direct rays of the sun. Filling Magazines 6. a. Hold the magazine in your left hand. Take the rounds in your right hand and put them into the magazine, bullets towards the narrow end, one by one (Figure 33). Make sure'that the base of each round is right up against the magazine rear wall. Figure 33—Filling magazine. b. (1) During training put in the number of rounds ordered. (2) When the magazine is very dirty, e g in Vaal., wet and muddy conditions or when a ecte s y I. rounds only This,will reduce the number of stoppages. _  39 (3) S o m e magazines can be filled with 21 'rounds, if this is done stoppages witfuctur. NEVER till with more than 20 rounds. c. To empty magazines, depress the second round (from top) with a piece of wood or another bullet. This causes the top cartridge to fall out when the magazine is titled to the front (Figure 34). Remove the last round by depressing the follower. Make sure that the round being used for pressing the rounds is changed after pushing out three or four rounds. Figure 34—Emptying the magazine.  1 40 7. Practise the me n in cle aning rounds, filling a nd emptying magazines; leave magazines filled. Si g h t Set ti n g 8. Explain and d emo nstr ate. Make the men co p y yo ur actions. 9. a. The sights consist of the fixed front sight and the adjustable back sight which can be rotated to positions numbered 1-4. These numbers indicate ranges of 100-400 metres. With setting '1' a 'V' type sight and with setting '2', '3' and '4', an aperture type sight is used. To alter the zero for elevation and direction, the back sight is raised or lowered and moved laterally by means of the adjusting screws. You must not interfere with the back sight adjusting screws, or the zero setting of the sights without permission. b. To set the sights rotate the rotary type sight with the help of your thumb and index finger until the figure you require just shows in line with the front sight. c. For battle shooting either on training or in action, always keep the sight set at 200 metres unless the target is more than 300 metres away. The reason of this is that the trajectory of the bullet is so flat that you can hit an enemy at any range from point blank to 300 metres with the sights set at 200 metres. d. The coarse 'V' type sight is used only for firing in — the dark, in foggy weather, with artificial light or from moving vehicles.  41 10. Practise the men in sight setting. Loading and Unloading 11. Explain and demonstrate paragraphs 12 to 18. Make the men copy your actions. 13. Your rifle is loaded when it has a magazine containing rounds in it, it is ready to fire when the rifle is cocked and a live round is in the chamber. It is unloaded when it has an empty magazine on and no round is in the chamber. 14. On the Command, ' L o a d ' a. Adopt the loading position, Figure 35—Loading position.  42 b. Hold the rifle by the pistol grip in your right hand, forefinger outside the trigger guard, muzzle pointing upwards. c. Check safety catch is at 'S'. Unfasten your pouch, cant the rifle to the right, take off the empty magazine and put it in your pouch. d. Take out a full magazine, or one containing the number of rounds ordered. Insert it from below with front end first into the feed way and tilt it back until it clicks into position (Figure 36). Figure 36—Loading. e. Check that the safety catch is at 'S' and fasten your pouch. 1 4. O n t he Co m ma n d , 'Ma ke Sa f e ' a. Check that the safety catch is at 'S' (Safe). Unfasten your pouch.  43 b. Take off the magazine, place it in your pouch. c. Pull back the Cocking handle, at the same time tilting the rifle to the right, so that the extracted round will fall downwards through the ejection opening; hold it back and tilt the rifle to the left and look to see that the chamber is empty. Let the cocking handle go forward. d. Put the safety catch to 'E' and press the trigger. e. Put the safety catch to 'S'. f. Load with a fresh magazine. g Pick up the round that has been ejected, clean it, replace it in the magazine, put the magazine in your pouch and fasten it. h. Sometimes you may have to move so quickly, that there is no time to complete the full actions of make safe. In the case put the safety catch to 'S' and complete the full action when you have time. 15. On the command 'Ready', or a range being given after make safe you cock the rifle. 16. On the command 'Unload', whether your rifle is loaded or ready, carry out the same actions as for make safe but make sure that the magazine you put on to the rifle is empty. (Figure 37). 17. You will normally load your rifle in the standing position and subsequently adopt any firing position which may be ordered. If required to load your rifle in any other position, you will be given the order 'Kneeling-Load'. You unload your rifle in the position you are at the time when given the order to unload.  44 Figure 37---Unloading. 18. Once you have been ordered to load your rifle, you are responsible for keeping it loaded until you are ordered to unload. In the absence of orders, when you consider it necessary for safety purposes you should unload. At all times _youareiesponsilale—fouth e—s handling ayour rifle Make - certain that:— a. The safety catch is always at 'S', unless you have been given orders to get ready to fire. b. The muzzle is always pointed to the sky, at the ground or in the direction of the targets. c. Your rifle is always unloaded when you are no longer able to assure its safe handling, i,e, when you hand it over to another man or when you leave it under guard while performing some duty. 19. Practise the squad in loading, ready, make safe and unloading. ______
1 1 1
1 1 1 , -401111/101111.6.01111 111011
1...  45 Conclusion 20. a. Question from and to the squad. b. Sum up. PRACTICE 1—LESSON I AND 2 Aim 1. To practise stripping, assembling, magazine filling, loading and unloading. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines, drill rounds. Preliminaries 4. Safety precautions. Approach 6. Remind the men of the need for clean rifles and ammunition, also that their life may depend upon quick and correct handling. 2 ,4: ,est-e4-3%iethods of Practice - , 5. a. Stripping and Assembling. Practise the men in stripping and assembling different parts of their rifles, for instance breech mechanism, etcetera. When they can strip each part faultlessly let them practice complete stripping and assembling. b. Ammunition and Magazine Filling. Make men clean their drill rounds and fill magazines by hands and by means of a clip. Tell the men the training test standard and try to get them upto it. 1611111111
 46 c. Loading, Ready, Make Safe,_ Unloading. Practise the men in loading, ready, make safe and unloading. Order. 'Load', 'Ready', 'Make Safe', 'Unload', and now and then give the order, 'Ready', after, 'Make Safe'. Tell the men the training test standard and base your practice on it. Co mp e ti tio n s 6. Divide the squad into two groups, master and pupils. Organize an individual competition in filling magazines, loading, ready, make safe and unloading. Masters to act as scorers and then change over. Summary 7. Summarize the progress made an impress upon the men the standard required to pass the training tests. LESSON 3 - AIMING, HOLDING AND TRIGGER CONTROL Aim 1. To teach how to take correct aim, proper holding and trigger control of rifle G-3. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines, instructors representative, targets, diagrams of the sight pictures, eye discs, range, targets half filled sandbags and aiming rests. Pr eliminaries 3. a. Put out targets at 100 Ms.  47 b. Safety precautions. c. Revise loading and unloading. Approach 4. You must learn how to aim accurately by understanding how to line up the sights and the aiming mark. You must also hold your rifle properly to be able to fire efficiently from any position. Aiming 5. How to Aim. There are three elements in the sight picture of a shooter, the back sight, the front sight and the target. In the aiming process all the three are to be aligned in order to complete the aiming process. Eye can only be focused at one thing at one time, so when a shooter focuses his eye on the front sight the target becomes blurred and vice versa. In order to obtain a hit in the centre of the bull, a firer has to maintain his focus and concentration on the front sight blade aiming it in the approximate centre of the blurred target.,u order to et the correct sight alignment and sicTht nicturc: — a. Close your left eye (right in case of a left handed shot). b. Look through (not at) the centre of the aperture or 'V' on the back sight at your target and select your point of aim. c. Concentrate on the front sight tip, the centre of the target would now become blurred. d. Make sure that the front side blade is in the centre of circular vision and placed on the blurred target. e. Always place your head in the same position on the butt each time you aim. I  48 6. Question the men on their understanding of correct sight picture and sight alignment. Let them use diagrams and the sights on their rifles to explain their answer. T he Lyi n g P o s it io n 7. Explain and demonstrate paragraph 8. Get the men to copy your actions. 8. On the command, 'Down' advance the left foot and hold the rifle in front of you with your left hand by the hand guard and lie down, breaking your fall with your right hand. Do not rest the magazine, make a high position without bending yo,ur head forward. If you rest the magazine you will be forced to bend your head low on the rifle which will hit you hard on the IN cheek near the nose making you flinch. 4 AV Figure 38—The lying position.  49 Note:– The right leg should be bent and the right knee drawn up slightly, in-sole of right foot comfortably rested on the ground. Left foot stretched out and left toe locked, left foot could also be rested on the outer side if the firer feels more comfortable that way. Lie at angle between 10 to 20 degrees from the firer-target line and NO MORE. (Figure 38). 9. Practise the men in getting into the lying position and standing up. Holding of Rifle G-3 10. The correct hold is as under:– a. Right Iland. The sole purpose of the right hand is to lightly hold the rifle in such a manner that the trigger finger is positioned ideally with the distal pad of the trigger finger on the trigger and the finger curled in a manner that the trigger is squeezed straight hack and not pushed to a side. (Figure 39). Figure 39—Correct holding of rifle with right hand.  50 b. The Left Hand. It should lightly support the rifle; without holding it in a 'death grip' causing tremors and movement, just provide the rifle with a stable platform. The left arm and elbow should be positioned as close to the rifle in the vertical plane as possible so that the weight of the rifle should be taken up by bones and not muscles, muscles tire quickly and induce tremors. (Figure 40). Figure 40—Correct holding of rifle with left hand. c. The Butt should be placed in the cleft formed in the shoulder when the firer faces the target at a slight angle of 10 to 20 degrees. The comb of the butt must be pressed hard by the Jaw and cheek. (Figure 41). 1 1. B r e a t h C o n t r o l. I f i r e r should sto his breath with normal E ALING of breath only_ f (s3 secon.e re comm ncing trigger squeeze. When ( shooting Rapid or on snap targetsd be as under:—  51 a. For first target as mentioned above. C` b. For subsequent appearance of targets breath deeply and quickly two or three times and then stop the I breath__Jnk Lstaruriger:sqtIeeze. With practice the L. firer will find that this technique will take off the time pressure as the number of breaths taken between appearance of targets helps in timing the appearance of the target and speed up the firing without affecting the deliberate trigger squeeze. Figure 41—Correct positioning of butt. 12. Follow Through. The firer must maintain concentration on the front sight and try hard to follow it as it jumps up on firing and then bring it back on target with the focus of the eye glued on to it. If the firer loses the front sight any time during or immediately after firing the shot, he is not following through. While recovering from recoil the firer should start squeezing the trigger, and slowly bring the front sight back on aim with focus glued on it and squeezing the
IimMENNIMIW -,
01111MilUNN.  52 trigger during recovery. (Figure 42). Figure 42—Follow through. Trigger Control 13. Proper trigger control means following two things:— a. R eleasing the Shot when Sights are P ro p e rl y Ali ned. T is can e ac liev on y when irer gives OTAL undivided attention to sight relationship, the alignment of the sights with the target is relatively unimportant. The trigger should be continuously squeezed independent of sight alignment with the target, it is least important to align sights with the target. Sight relationship and a smooth trigger release is all that is important. b. Tri2Qer Sq ueeze wi thout Inducin Movemen t. When squeezing the trigger a slight movement of the rifle occurs, which can be easily over come by dry practice carried out regularly over a period of  53 time. The real problem is caused by the jerking of the whole body and the rifle in anticipation of recoil and muzzle blast done unconsciously by the firer. To remedy this fault, on the range load only two rounds in a magazine without the knowledge of the firer and tell him there are five rounds in it. See what he does after firing the two rounds. The third time he will literally move from head to foot and close both eyes, but this time the recoil and blast will not be there to hide his flinching and instantly the firer and coach will recognise what the problem is. T.licreare—iwotyRes of faulty trigger pulls which must be avoided. These are as. (1) 17, Ly.1128 - to Time. The firing of shot by increasing/dg the pull with the alignment of sight, when the sights are aligned the firer increases pressure, when the sights move the firer reduces trigger finger pressure. Shot is fired as a snatch since the stopped breath forces the nervous system to get rid of the shot in order to get a fresh breath. (2) en ed Trigger Pull. In this the firer keeps increasing tie igger pressure in small increments. This type of trigger control is adopted by experienced firers. The ordinary firer who is not aware of the exact moment of shot release, can not help flinching unconsciously one or two times out of five. The firer flinches as he anticipates the firing of the shot accompanied with recoil and muzzle blast. (3) t ac e c t Tr ige tS Th e r e is o nl y o ne type of correct trigger squeeze and that is the u sim=1
. _.M110.7 4;*  54 one which gives a SURPRISE BREAK. Implying that thCfar should not know/be able to predict the exact time of releasing the shot, the firer keeps boldly squeezing the trigger in one smooth flow while concentrating on the front sight and aligning the front sight in the exact centre of the circular vision and the blurred mass of the target, when suddenly the rifle fires. If the shot is released with a smooth continuously increasing trigger pressure with no relation to sight alignment with target, the firer will not be able to flinch. It is important to have a SURPRISE BREAK than to have ideal alignment of front sight with the target. Trying to align the sights with the target accurately creates un-necessary stress. DO's and DON'T's of firing are given as Annex C. LESSON 4 FIRING — Ai m 1. To teach how to fire the rifle in the lying position. Sto r es 2. Rifles, magazines drill rounds, eye discs, range and targets upto 100 metres. P r eli mi n ar ie s 3. a. Safety precautions. b. Revise aiming, holding and trigger control.  55 Approach 4. rthe, hnsic ukincinlos of LON: the rifli' in any position arc the same. They are:—. \ I. Hold your rifle as taught in Lesson 3. b. Take corr ect aim. c. Fire confidently without disturbing your aim. This lesson deals with firing in the lying position. Types of Fire 5. The types of firing used in battle are:— a. Deliberate. Used when firing at ground features such as indistinct enemy positions indicated by flash or observed by smoke. Used also when firing at longer ranges. b. Snap Shooting. Intermittent firing at enemy who expose themselves for short intervals only. Ammunition 1 6. You normally carry three full magazines, one is always on your rifle, the other two in the pouch on your left side.. You have another two magazines in company reserve. Deliberate Fire '7. E x p l a i n a n d D e mo n s t r a t e D e l i b e r a t e F i r e. Order, 'Position', 'Load', and 'Fire'. 8. a. On the command, 'Fire', put the safety catch to 'E' and aim. b. Check your breathing and when the aim is correct press the trigger completely. During training memorize your aim picture as the rifle fires and declare whether it was correct, high, right or left etcetera.  56 c. Lo wer t he r i fl e. d. Go on firing at the deliberate rate which is about five rounds a minute. Count the rounds left in the magazine. e. On the command 'Stop', Lower your rifle, put the safety catch to 'S' and if necessary change the magazine. If the rifle does not fire when you press the trigger, your immediate action is to grip the cocking handle, pull it back and let it go quickly, then re-aim and press the trigger again. 9. Practise the squad firing at the deliberate rate on the targets. Snap Shooting 1 0. E x pla in a n d De mo n st ra t e S na p S ho o t ing. Order, 'Position', 'Load', 'Ready', and 'Fire'. 11. a. On the command, 'Watch and Shoot', push the safety catch. b. When a target appears aim quickly and fire at least two quick shots. c. W hen yo ur ene my falls o r go es to co ver , stop firing and get ready to fire again. d. If an enemy moves across your front, aim just in front of him, keep your aim thereby moving your rifle and continue to fire quickly until he drops. Conclusion 12. a. Question from and to the squad. b. Summarize the progress made.  57 PRACTICE 2—LESSONS 3 AND 4 Aim 1. To practise aiming, holding, trigger control and all types of firing. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines and eye discs. Pr eliminaries 3. Safety precautions. Approach 4. Remind the men of the importance of accurate aiming, good holding and trigger control. Suggested Method of Practice 5. a. filding and Aimin Divide the men into masters and pupils and let them test and criticize each other's holding and aiming. b. Fit...ita.Divide the men into teams of three. One. i firer, one to cock the rifle and the other to check with the aiming discs. Practise them all in turn at deliberate and snap shooting. Co mp etitio n 6. Divide the squad into three groups and arrange a simple competition using some of the squad as live targets. Summary 7. Summarise the progress made.  58 LIVE FIRING - INTRODUCTORY SHOOT, GROUPING AND CLEANING _ OF RIFLE Aim 1. To consolidate the teaching of lessons 1 to 4, to practise grouping, and to teach the men more about cleaning of the rifle. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines, cleaning material, sandbags half full, targets and range stores, ammunition, binoculars, zeroing equipment, grouping rings, coaches notebooks, AB 6060 for every firer. Notes 3. a. Recruits ts should fire at 100 metres at No. 1 target with 7.62mm xl0mm patch pasted as the aiming mark. If this is not possible use a 25 metres range and white screen targets with black aiming marks. Recruits should fire with forearm rested. b. A coach sho uld be with each man to ensur e he holds his rifle correctly. Bad holding can lead to dun c. their ABs 6060 w i t h t h e m a n d the each group d. An armourer should inspect all the rifles before men fire for the first time. An armourer, or a qualified instructor, should he available on the r ange to zero the r ifles o f any man who consistently makes a group in the same place. The principles and reasons for zeroing should be explained.  59 e. No one who cannot tieLism cumin with single round alL25meires....od results in the , classification course; do all you can to get men to f. Range officers must make absolutely certain that each man's rifle and magazines are empty before he leaves both the firing point and the range. g. During elementary firing men on the firing point must be given these commands 'Load"Tai,_1;gai p4;i1441' when all firers are set, order, 'Rally', 'Fire'. Preliminaries 4. Safety precautions of the range. Approach 5. You are going to fire live ammunition, to put into practice what you have already learnt; and you are going to learn how to clean your rifles before and after firing. Cleaning Before Firing 6. Explain and demonstrate; make the men copy your action. Clean the rifles as you do everyday, and also:— a. Strip the rifle and magazines and clean them as you do everyday. b. Dr y clean; Flash hid er, bor e, chamb er, br eech mechanism, face of the bolt, upper surface of the bolt carrier, the magazines, the sights and all the outside of the rifle. c. See that the front sight is clean and the aperture free from dirt. d. Assemble the rifle as already taught.  60 e. Using the cocking handle move the working parts backwards and forwards a few times to ensure they are working smoothly. f. Clean the ammunition. Introductory Shoot 7. Describe the targets to the men. 9. Explain range procedures, safety precautions and butt duties "Infantry Training. Volume III, Pamphlet No. 31, 1959 (Code No. GSP-1203). G r o u p i n g 9. Explain that a man who can put all his shots into a small group can become a good shot. You will not group well val
wwww - unless:— - --' 0....
a. , You are determined that each shot will be a good one. b. Your position, hold, aim and trigger pressure are correct and the same for each shot. c. You always aim in the same place in this case the bottom of the white patch. d. You can tell your coach honestly what your aim picture was like at the moment of firing each shot. 10. Each man should fire the grouping practice of the Rifle Course at least twice, but not consecutively. After the men have fired, take them forward to look at their target and explain to them the causes of the pattern of their groups. Record results in AB 6060. Explain also that at this stage the position (MPI) of the group is immaterial. When consistency is obtained rifles will be zeroed, thus placing the mean point of impact in the correct position. Also give encouragement to the firers. 4111 1 =1.1.

—_  61 Cleaning After Firing 11. Explain and demonstrate; make the men copy your actions. 12. Remove the magazine and make sure that your rifle is unloaded. Strip the rifle and magazine and carry out the basic daily cleaning. Apart from this:— a. Ensure that the barrel is clean when the flannelette s ho ws no si g n o f d ir t a f ter ha v i n g b ee n pulled-through several times. Make sure that no deposits are left in grooves of chamber. Clogged groove cause stoppages. b. Now lubricate bore with rifle bore cleaner using the brush. c. As a minimum req uirement, repeat cleaning of bore on the next three days following the firing as contamination will reform for some time after firing. d. For removal of residues in bore or chamber which cannot be removed by repeated cleaning, and also in case of stuck flannelette contact the armourer. e. When rifle is very dirty, remove trigger housing group from receiver group and wash it in a mixture of 33% lubricating oil (yellow) and 66% kerosene oil. r 1 37" In case of where Cleaning Lubricating and Preservative --- - (CLP) oil is available, the procedure for cleaning the rifle will be as follows:— a. Strip the rifle. b. Pull-through with dry flannelette until it comes out clean.  62 c. Oil the bore with cleaning lubricating and preservative oil. d. Clean remainder of the rifle including all working parts especially the bolt face. 14. Inspect the rifle for several days after you have fired. Co nclusio n 16. a. Questions from and to the squad. b. Summarize the progress made; stress the necessity for attending to detail in preparing rifles, magazines and ammunition for firing and for thorough cleaning after firing. LESSON 5—FUNCTIONING OF RIFLE G-3 Aim I. To teach the mechanism of the rifle. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines, drill rounds, clearing plug, charts and pointers. Preliminaries 3. a. Safety precautions. b. Name all parts and components which will be used for explaining the functioning. Approach 4. When a round is fired, numerous parts inside the rifle come into action simultaneously. The whole operation is very  63 systematic and it is known as the uckaLlancr2lion. This cycle is almost similar in all small arms. A firer must know what happens inside the rifle after he presses the trigger till the weapon is ready to fire the second round. Once an individual knows the function, it will be easy for him to detect and rectify the faults while firing. Functioning of Rifle G-3 5. Explain and demonstrate, the men following you on their rifles. 6. The cycle of operation can be divided into eight steps:— a. Cocking. b. Feeding. c. Chambering. d. Locking. e. Firing. f. Unlocking. g. Extracting. h. Ejecting. Cocking 7. 'Cocking is the process by which the working parts are prepared for action'. When the bolt head and carrier group move back by blow back operation or through force applied by hand, the lower surface of the bolt head and carrier group exerts a rearward and downward force on the hammer. The hammer thus gets engaged in the hammer catch. The bolt head and carrier group strike the buffer and move forward. The climping ramp of the bolt head carrier applies pressure on the release lever. The hammer is thus free from the hammer catch and gets  64 engaged with the sear. It is at this point that the process of cocking is complete. Feeding 8. 'Feeding is the action of placing a cartridge in the line of breech block and making it ready for chambering'. When the bolt head and carrier group move back, the first round is t. pushed up by the follower spring in the magazine. The first round is then in front of the feed rib of the bolt. Chambering 9. 'This is the mechanism in which the bolt head pushes the round into the chamber'. When the bolt head and carrier group moves forward, feed rib of the bolt pushes the round into the chamber. Lo c ki ng 10. 'This is the mechanism which protects the firer and the weapon from the gases produced due to firing of weapon'. In this process after the forward movement of bolt head has been completed there still exists a gap of 4mm between the bolt carrier and the bolt head. Guide rod and guide rod spring apply pressure on the carrier. The bolt carrier press the firing cone which applies pressure on the locking rollers. The locking rollers with the help of locking roller recess are flung outwards and the bolt is tightly locked with the chamber. This type of l o c k i n 7 i s a l so t er me d a s s e mi r i g i d l o c k i n n. extractor gets hold o t e grooves of the cartridge. The weapon is us completely locked (FigL....1111111.1
3'  65 ,ZoC fr/N6 - ,o/FC r,vei4e) /7,e/NG o/A/ CAP 7:4 /.06E 7 BARREL BARREL OCA-' 8Y0 BOL T //EA/' E A ' r a W s O N R O L L E R S C AW' /ER Figure 43 — Locking Fir ing 11. 'This is the process in which the firing pin protrudes out of its hole and strikes the primer. The round is then fired'. The action of firing and safety can be considered in the following three situations:— a. Weapon at Position 'S' (Safe). Rifle is said to be safe when selective lever is placed on position 'S'. 44 In this position the rounded portion of selective lever comes in front of trigger lever, thus prevents any further movement of the trigger lever. The trigger cannot be pressed any further. (Figure 44). b. Weapon at Position E. The rifle will fire single shot when selective lever is at position 'E'. In this situation the selective lever is so placed that half of the rounded portion and half of the notch (cut) in selective lever comes in front of trigger lever thereby enabling some (half) movement of trigger lever. The front end of the sear is engaged with the lower lever notch of the hammer, preventing any movement of the hammer.  66 1. Bolt he ad carrie r 8. Trigger lever 2.Firing pin.Trigger 3. R elease le ver 10.Setective lever 4.Trigger spring 11.U pper notch of ham m er 5. Hammer 12. Lower notch of ham m er 6. P r essure s ha nk and 13.Upper Trigger ladder P re s su r e sp r i ng 7. Elbow 14 Lower Trigger ladder spring with roller Figure 44—Parts for the trigger and safety mechanism at position 'S' = (Safe) (1) Once the trigger is pressed, the trigger lever moves upward, the tail of the scar which is resting on the upper trigger ladder moves up resultantly the forward of sear moves down thereby disengaging itself from the lower notch of the hammer. The hammer under the force of the pressure shank and pressure spring, strikes against the base of the firing pin and the round is fired.  67 (2) The action of cocking, feeding, chambering takes place as described earlier. The upper notch of the hammer enages itself with the release lever. At this moment the pressure on the forward edge of sear head is released, the elbow spring exerts pressure from the bottom, simultaneously the sear plunger and plunger spring (which is located inside the scar itself) pushes the sear towards the front. The sear moves horizontally by 1.5 mm. (Figure 45). This horizotal movement has two effects:— (a) The tail of the sear instead of resting on the upper trigger ladder now rests on the lower trigger ladder. (b) The head of the scar under the pressure of the elbow spring moves up. At this mo me nt the up p er no tch o f the hammer is released by release lever and the hammer moves forward. The head of the scar now engages the lower notch of the hammer. This is why that even if the trigger is kept pressed, the second round is not fired. In order to fire the next round the trigger has to be released. (3) Once the pressure of the finger of the firer is released, the trigger under the force of Trigger Spring moves forward and the rear end of trigger lever moves downwards. The tail of the scar thus no longer rests on the lower trigger ladder. Under the force of the sear plunger and scar plunger spring, the sear now moves horizontally by 1.5 mm to the rear in such a fashion that the tail of sear  68 now rests on the upper trigger ladder (Figure 46). 1. Sear plunger 2 S e ar p lu n g e r spr i n g 3. Upper Trigger sadder Lower Trigger 'adder Figure 45—Engagement of Lower Notch of Hammer by Sear due to lateral movement.  69 1. Sear plunger 2.Sear plunger spring 3.Upper Trigger ladder [ — Lower Trigger ladder Figure 46—Lateral movement of sear once the pressure on trigger is released. At this point of time the trigger is in the forward position (not pressed by the finger of the firer), the tail of the sear is resting on the upper trigger ladder and the front of the sear is engaged with the lower notch of hammer.  70 The weapon is now ready to fire if the trigger is pressed and the actions menticned at para (1) above take place. c. Weapon at Position 'F' (Burst). The rifle will fire burst when selective lever is at 'F' position. In this..... _la condition the complete notch (cut) portion of selective lever comes infront of trigger lever enabling the trigger to complete its rearward movement. When the trigger is pressed, the sear it which is resting on the upper trigger ladder is pushed upwards by trigger lever from the rear and sear moves down from the front. 'In the process the hammer is released from sear notch and strikes at the firing pin, resultantly the round is fired. The moving parts move back due to blow back operation. The action of cocking, feeding and chambering takes place. Since the trigger lever has completed its rearward movement under the pressure of the finger of the firer on the trigger, the sear remains on the upper trigger ladder, no lateral movement of the sear takes place. The forward edge of the sear remains completely pressed downward and does not engage the lower notch of the hammer (Figure 47). It can be said that when the change lever is at 'F' position, the function of cocking is completed by hammer catch and firing is done by release lever. Unlocking 12. 'Unlocking is the acticn in which the operatingwarts are,,, ; free to mo ve rear ward '.iWhen the operating parts are completely drive the bullet towards muzzle end, while the remaining gases apply pressure on the cartridge case which is in contact with the bolt head. The rearward pressure pushes the bolt backward and the locking rollers are unlocked by the , 111.1





wssorommml.Allnimr:.9 1  71 locking projections. A gap of 4mm is thereby created between bolt head and bolt carrier (Figure 48). Extracting 13. 'It is the process in which the cartridge case is extracted out of the chamberli! When the bolt and carrier group move back the extractor (which is holding the cartridge) also moves back, the cartridge case is pulled out of the chamber and gets in line with the ejector. Stop for trigger lever Figure 47—Function of the trigger at postion 'F'. Se././0 / 00,P77/1/ 6 Se/,e,c',9c":4 4- Figure 48 — Bolt in unlocked Position  72 Ejecting 14. ''Ejecting is the action by ' which the case is thfolip out : , by the ejector''. When the bolt head and bolt carrier codes in line with the ejector, the ejector strikes the lower part of the cartridge case due to which the empty case is thrown out towards the right and to the front of the rifle. Here the action of ejection is complete. Co n cl us io n 15. a. Questions from and to the squad. b. Summarize the progress made. LESSON 6 - S T O PP A G ES AN D R EM E D IA L AC T IO N S Ai m 1. To familiarize the students with the causes of stoppages occurring in rifle G-3 and their remedial actions. St o re s 2. Ri f le, d r i ll r o u nd s, ma g azi ne , d ur r e e a nd cle a ni n g material. Preliminaries 3. Safety precautions. St o p pa g e s 4. A sto p p age is an y uni nte ntio nal inter r up tio n i n th e operation of the weapon. In other words, it is a failure in the rifle to fire through no fault of the firer.  73 5. Most of the stoppages occur because of dirty, worn, or broken parts and lack of lubrication. The rifleman must be taught to watch for these defects and correct them before they cause a stoppage. Some of the more common stoppages with their usual causes and remedies are shown in Table I. Table 1 Stoppages (Causes and Remedies) — S/No I Stoppage I Causes Remedial Actions 1. Forward travel a. Magazine not Insert magazine of the bolt inserted correctly. without feeding properly. the cartridge. c. Magazine loose. Check magazine catch if worn out replace. c. Magazine lips Change magazine. deformed. 2. Cartridge case a. Extractor/ Check gauge for not ejected. Extractor spring Extractor broken or clearance, if defective. incorrect, send for repair b. Defective Ejector Send for repair c. Dirty chamber. Clean the chamber 4. Cartridge not a. Broken Firing Replace the firing ignited. pin. pin. b. F i r i n g p i n Replace the firing protrusion less. pin. c. Defective Change ammunition. ammunition.  74 S/No I Stoppage I Causes I Remedial Actions 4. Failure of Bolt a. Fouled chamber. Clean. to lock. b. Fouled Barrel Clean. Extension. c. Deformed Change the cartridge. cartridge. d. Worn out Recoil Change the Recoil Spring. Spring. 5. Irregular locking a. Fouled chamber Clean the of weapon. chamber. Insert b. Magazine not magazine inserted properly. properly. c. Magazine fouled Change magazine. or damaged. d. Wet cartridge or Change cartridge. faulty bullet. 6. Explain and Demonstrate. Make the men copy your actions. 7. If, having carried out immediate action, the rifle does not fire then:— a. Take off the magazine. b. Cock the rifle. c. Put the same magazine back if there are rounds in it, if not change it, cock the rifle and go on firing. 8. Practise the men in immediate action and stoppage drill in pairs. Do not practice by word of command but show the masters how to simulate a stoppage by knocking the cocking handle back when the pupil has carried out immediate action.  75 Further Action 9. Explain and Demonstrate, if your rifle still fails to fire after carrying out the stoppage drill the cause must be a breakage or very bad fouling. Examine your rifle as follows :- a. Put the safety catch to 'S', unload, cant the rifle to the right and look inside the receiver. b. If you can see an empty case or jammed round, take it out, load, aim and fire again. c. If you cannot see any obstruction, pull back the cocking handle and engage it in the slot. Screw up the base of the clearing plug tight, put it in the chamber. Disengage the cocking handle, let it go forward and cock it again. Turn the rifle to the right. The separate case will be ejected on the clearing plug. d. To get the separated case off the clearing plug, unscrew the base, and push the stem through the case. Put the plug back in the section wallet when you have a chance. 10. Make the men practise stoppage drill, but to save the clearing plugs from damage, make them use a drill round. Your orders and the men's actions on them are :- Order Action 'Rifle firing all right; rifle Carry out immediate action. stops'. 'Rifle won't fire'. Look into the body. 'Obstruction in receiver Carry out the appropriate (or' chamber.).% drill. 'Rifle firing all right.'  76 Conclusion 11. Question from and to the squad. 12. Sum up, stressing that with a well cared for rifle stoppages are rare. PRACTICE 3—LESSONS 5 AND 6 Aim 1. To revise mechanism and practice stoppage drill. Storages 2. Rifles, magazines, drill rounds, targets and aiming rests. Approach 3. Remind the men that if rifles, ammunition and magazines are clean stoppages will seldom occur. Suggested Method of Practice 4. a. Mechanism. Ask questions on mechanism. Make the men use their rifles to illustrate their answers. b. Stoppage Drill. Divide the men into three groups first group to act as live targets; second group to cock the rifles; the third group to fire. Get the targets group to expose themselves while the men fire at them and practise in stoppage drill. Watch and then discuss the men's reactions. Co mp e ti tio n s 5. Organize simple competitions on the same lines as you have practised or base them on the training tests. Summary 6. Summarize progress made and tell men the standard required to pass the training tests.  77 LESSON 7 — ALTERING THE SIGHTS AND AIMING OFF FOR WIND Aim 1. To teach how to correct errors by altering sights, by aiming up or down and how to aim off for wind. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines, aiming rests, targets, spotting discs charts/boards (showing wind table) and auxiliary aiming marks. Preliminaries 3. Safety precautions. Alternation of Sights 4. Explain that if you find your shots going too high or too low, you must alter the setting of your back sight, if there is time. This table shows how much higher or lower the shots will go at various ranges, for each hundred metres by which you alter the back sight. 7 Range to target 1 (Metres) 200 0 0 7. 6 2 Rise or fall for alteration of 100 metres c m 15 „ 300 30 „ 400 45 „  78 5. Question the men, and set them practice problems at range targets; get an assistant at the target to signal the value and position of an imaginary shot, or mark shots, and tell the men to adjust their sights; discuss results. Aiming Up or Down 6. Explain. If your shots are going too high or too low when you are snap shooting, or the shots are too high when your sights are set at 100 metres all you do is aim up or down enough to correct the error. 7. To give the men practice at aiming up or down:— a. Get an assistant to show where shots are striking. b. Tell the men to aim so as to correct the error, with their rifles in aiming rests; then get the assistant to put auxiliary aiming marks in position. c. D i s c u s s R e s u l t s. Tell the men to aim at the auxiliary aiming marks; have the auxiliary marks removed, and the men will see how they should have aimed in the first place. Aiming Off for Wind 8. Def i n it io n. Aiming without altering the sights is called as aiming off. 9. Explain that the Wind Blows a Bullet off its Course. It is always the firer's responsibility to aim off into the wind, without changing his elevation. For shooting purposes wind strengths are called:— a. 4 ,4 fild Win d. One which just moves the grass — and leaves of trees etcetera and the range flag flies - at an angle of 30 degrees (Figure 49).  79 b. A Fresh Wind. One which has an appreciable effect on bushes and the thin branches of trees and can be distinctly felt on the side of your face. It will cause the range flag to fly at an angle of 60 degrees (Figure 49). c. A Strong Wind. One which has a noticeable effect on tree tops and lifts dust off dry ground. Range flags would tend to fly at an angle of 90 degrees (Figure 49). 44/f/L. 1) A Rh SA/ - - S Tie 0 NO Figure 49 __ Assessment of Wind. 10. Haw MtLdt(. LA1)33_0431 a. If a fresh wind is blowing straight across the line of fire, multiply by itself the first figure of the range in metres to the target, multiply by factor 2.5 and aim off that number of centimetres. For xample, if the range is 300 metres, aim off 7FJ2.5=22.5 centimetres. b. If the wind is stron double the allowance if it is gent e, a ye it. For example if the range is 400  80 metres, and a strong wind is blowing straight across the line of fire, aim off 4x4x2x2.5=80 centimetres; but if the wind is gentle, aim 4x4/2x2.5=20 centimetres. c. If the wind is blowing at an oblique angle to the line of fire, halve the allowance. For example, if the range is 300 metres:— (1) For a strong wind aim off 3x3x2.5=22 centimetres. (2) For a fresh wind aim off 3x3x2.5/2=12 centimetres. (3) For a gentle wind aim off 3x3x2.5/4=6 centimetres. d. Take no notice of head and tail winds. e. At 100 metres do not aim off. 11. Explain and demonstrate that you will find aiming off on the range easier, if you remember these tips:— a. On number 1 target, the edge of the black aiming mark is 15 centimetres, the edge of the target 60 centimetres, and a point half way between the edge of the aiming mark and the edge of the target 38 centimetres, from the middle of the target. b. The average width of a man or a number 2 target is 45 centimetres. /Lining off for Impromtu Targets 12. If the range on the rifle is 300 metres and enemy appears at 200 metres, then sight adjustment will need some time. By then the target may disappear. There is in such cases a need to engage the target without altering the sights. This can be done with the help of following formula:—  81 Ground range — 1 x 15 x difference of both the ranges. Note:- Ground range = Range from where target appears. Example:—The range on the rifle is 200 metres whereas enemy appeared from 300 metres. Engagement of target without altering the sights will be as under:— Ground Range=2 Difference between two ranges=3-2=1 Applying the formula: 2-1 x 15 x 1 = 15 Centimetres 13. P r acti se t he sq u ad. 14. Aiming Up and Down, as well as Off. 1 5. Explain that you may have to aim off, and aim up or down at the same time. For example, if you are firing at 300 metres, and see that your shots are going 6 centimetres high and 6 centimetres to the right, you must aim 6 centimetres below and 6 centimetres left of your original point of aim. Similarly for engaging impromptu targets without altering the sights should also be practised. Practice 16. To practise the squad. a. Give them a problem and tell them to aim, with their rifles on aiming rest. b. Get an assistant to put the auxiliary aiming mark in position. So long as the elevation is right, accept as correct any aim that is near the middle of the auxiliary aiming mark.  82 c. Make the men aim at the auxiliary aiming mark; then have it removed, and the men will see how they should have aimed.in the first place. Conclusion 17. a. Question from and to the squad. b. Sum up, stressing:– (1) How skill in estimating the strength and direction of the wind and aiming off is acquired by experience. (2) That at all times it is each man's responsibility to consider the effect of wind and aim off accordingly without specific orders. ( 3 ) That men must always try to observe the bullets strike and alter their point of aim or sights when necessary. LESSON 8 — JUDGING DISTANCE WITH RIFLE G-3 General 1. If you are aiming on a person standing close by, the front sight tip will cover only some portion of his body and rest of it can be seen from the sides of the tips. Now if the person starts moving away, the exposed portion from the sides of the tips would start decreasing and at a specific distance/range the width of the man and tip would appear to be the same. In other words the man would be completely hidden behind the tip. This phenomenon can be used to approximate a distance by a firer with the help of rifle G-3.  83 Aim 2. To teach the students how to judge a particular distance with the help of front sight tip of rifle G-3. Stores 3. Ri f le a nd a i mi n g r e st. Notes 4. a. Fix a rifle G-3 on an aiming rest. b. Seat your squad facing the rifle. c. Make a soldier to stand in front of rifle G-3 and order him to keep moving away from the front of the rifle in a straight line. d. Explain and demonstrate the students about the effects of visibility on the front side tip as the soldier moves away. Approach 5. Rifle G-3 is quite an effective and accurate weapon but it can only shoot down a person once a correct range is applied on it. If you practice how to judge a distance with the help of front sight tip, applying correct range on the rifle will not be a problem. Safety Precautions 6. Before carrying out this practice make sure there is no live round in the chamber and magazine of the rifle. Appearance of Man Size Target at Various Ranges 7. - The front sight tip of rifle G-3 is approximately 10 millimetres in height and 2.75 millimetres in width. An  I NNOMMI U MNI _ I MMI I MMi t i mm
84 (4 average soldier of medium built is approximately 170 centimetres in height and 46 centimetres in width.,Using the su stention method we can es
ma e le range with reasonable accuracy. The width of the front sight tip can be used to determine the Horizontal Appearance. If, however, the height of the tip is considered and we align the target in terms of the height of the tip covering the person, we can judge the distance by Vertical Appearance. Both the methods are described as under:— a. Horizontal Appearance ( 1 ) 100 Metres. If we aim at the centre of person, the front sight tip covers the chest of the individual and both the arms are visible from the sides of the front sight tip. Alternatively if we aim on one side of the person then the tip covers half the body and the other half is visible from the side of the tip. (Figure 50 and 51).  86 Figure 51—  87 (2) 200 Metres. The front sight tip exactly covers the person including his chest and arms. (Figure 52)..kr Figure 52— 1111111
fm9  88 (3) 300 Metres. Front sight tip is just a little bigger than the person (Figure 53). t t k Figure 53—  89 (4) 400 Metres. At this range the front sight tip covers two persons standing side by side (Figure 54). Figure 54—Alternatively half of the tip covers a complete person.  90 b. Vertical Appearance (1) 100 Metres (a) Standing Position. Front sight tip covers only half of the size of a normal person. The portion starting from the head till the waist is covered (Figure 55). Figure 55— (b) Kneeling Position. The tip cover the target from knee (which is resting on ground) up till chest (Figure 56).  Figure 56— Figure 57— (c) Sitting Position. 4/5 (80%) portion of tip covers the target (Figure 57).  92 (2) 200 Metres (a) Standing Position. Tip covers the complete portion of the body (Figure 58). Mkt. AO b.., 4waWootetiko,„  93 (b) Kn eeling Po sition. Half of the tip covers the target (Figure 59). Figure 59—  94 (c Sitting Position. 1/4 (25%) portion ) of the tip covers the target (Figure 60). Figure 60— k  95 (3) 300 Metres (a) Standing Position. Hlaf portion of the tip covers a complete person (Figure 61).  96 (b) K n e e l i n g P o s i t i o n. 2/5 (40%) portion of the tip covers a complete person (Figure 62). ti Figure 62  97 (c) Sitting Position. Vs (20%) portion of tip covers a complete person (Figure 63). if Figure 63  98 Conclusion 8. a. Question from and to the squad. b. Sum up with the emphasis of correct range for effective fire. PRACTICE 4 — LESSON 7 AND 8 Aim 1. To practice aiming off and judging distance with the help of rifle G-3. Stores 2. Rifles, drill rounds, targets and aiming rest. Preliminaries 4. Safety precautions. Approach 6. If the men are able to master the technique of aiming off and correctly judging the distance/range with the help of front sight tip of rifle G-3 then they can fire on the enemy in less time with accurate shooting. Therefore, optimum utilization should be made from the time allocated for practicing lesson 7 and 8. Suggested Method of Practice 5. a. Aiming Off. Revise the men on the effect that wind has on the trajectory of the bullet and the method to aim off. Give them problems to work out; get them to point out on targets where they would have aimed.  99 b.Judging Distance with Rifle G-3. Divide the squad in three groups. Fix the rifles on aiming rests in front of each group. All the students should be made to walk in front of the rifle tip one by one at prescribed ranges. The remaining students should assess their distances with the help of front sight tip. Summary 6. Summarize progress made. LESSON 9 — FIRING FROM BEHIND COVER Aim 1. To teach fire positions and how to handle and fire a rifle from behind cover. Stores 2. Rifles, magazines, drill rounds and targets. Notes 3. a. Choose a piece of ground with all types of cover on it. b. Put out the targets in suitable positions relative to the cover. c. Do not teach the lesson as a drill but get the men to improve their positions by suggestion and reasoning. Preliminaries 4. a. Safety precautions.  100 Approach 5. In battle you must be able to shoot accurately from any sort of cover. 6. Explain and demonstrate :- If your fire position is a good one, you will :- (1) Have cover from fire and cover from view. (2) Have a good view of your arc of fire. (3) Have room to use your weapon freely, and shoot accurately. (4) Be able to aproach it under cover, and advance from it easily. b. Do not mo ve or expose yourself in yo ur firing position more than you have to and always rest your weapon correctly. c. When firing over soft cover, rest your hand and forearm; if the cover is hard, rest your rifle on it as near your left hand as you can. Taking Cover and Firing 7. Low Cover. Explain and demonstratte (Figure 64). Figure 64 — Firing from low cover.  101 8. Order and Actions. The section commander's orders , and your actions on them are :- a. 'Down' Get down, crawl to cover, keep your rifle out of sight, and observe; if no other order follows, try to spot the enemy and shoot him, until the section commander takes control again. Remember the sequence 'Down, crawl, observe, fire'. b. 'Ready' or Set sights, get into firing posi- range being tion cock your rifle if necessary given and push the safety catch to 'E'. That is the position of readiness. c. 'Fire', 'Stop' Usual action. and 'Go on'. d. 'Prepare to Put the safety catch to 'S', get advance behind cover, make sure that you (Move)' have all your magazines and that Behind your pouches are fastened and get Cover'. ready to move. e. 'Advance' Jump up quickly and advance in (Move)'. the direction indicated and the formation ordered. 9. Kneeling and Sitting (See Figure 65). Explain and demonstrate. Kneel on one or both knees, or sit down, whichever