Skeleton Labs ,4,5,6 (1).docx

LAB 4,5,6 – Skeleton (D2L Lab Video) Divisions Skull Organization Sources: Textbook, D2L Lab Video Divisions: Cranium Face Cranium – eight cranial bones forming the superior & posterior parts of the skull. Contains the cranial cavity which houses the brain. Two parts: 1. Calvaria - “skull cap”...

LAB 4,5,6 – Skeleton (D2L Lab Video) Divisions Skull Organization Sources: Textbook, D2L Lab Video Divisions: Cranium Face Cranium – eight cranial bones forming the superior & posterior parts of the skull. Contains the cranial cavity which houses the brain. Two parts: 1. Calvaria - “skull cap” dome shape part of cranium composed of frontal, parietal and occipital bones. 2. Floor- base of cranium Cranial Fossae – Three curving step like depressions on the floor of the cranium. Separated by prominent bony ridges 1. Anterior Cranial Fossa – Frontal lobe of cerebrum located here 2. Middle Cranial Fossa – Temporal lobe of cerebrum located here 3. Posterior Cranial Fossa – Cerebellum of the brain located here Paranasal Sinuses mucous membrane lined cavities in certain skull bones. Continuous with your nasopharynx. Named according to the specific bone found in. Lighten skull and give resonance to sound. Skeletal Organization / Axial Skeleton / Skull Study Sources: 1.Textbook 2.Skull Lab Model Image PowerPoint (D2L / Content / Lab Image PowerPoints / Skeleton Lab Model Image PowerPoints / Skull Lab Model Image PowerPoint) Cranial Bones Frontal Bone (1) squamous portion supraorbital margin supraorbital foramen/ notch frontal sinus glabella 2. Parietal Bone (2) coronal (frontal) suture sagittal suture squamous suture lambdoid suture 3. Temporal Bone (2) Squamous portion: zygomatic process mandibular fossa Tympanic portion: external auditory (acoustic) meatus Petrous portion: internal auditory (acoustic) meatus mastoid process styloid process carotid canal foramen lacerum 4. Occipital Bone (1) foramen magnum occipital condyles external occipital protuberance external occipital crest superior and inferior nuchal line hypoglossal canal jugular foramen 5. Sphenoid Bone (1) body sphenoid sinus pterygoid processes sella turcica hypophyseal fossa lesser wing optic canal superior orbital fissure greater wing foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum 6. Ethmoid Bone (1) a. lateral masses b. ethmoid sinus c. cribiform plate d. crista galli e. superior nasal conchae f. middle nasal conchae g. perpendicular plate Facial Bones 7. Maxilla Bone (2) alveolar processes maxillary sinus infraorbital foramen zygomatic process palatine process incisive fossa 8. Palatine Bone (2) a. horizontal plate b. perpendicular plate 9. Nasal Bone (2) 10. Lacrimal Bone (2) a. lacrimal fossa/ sulcus 11. Zygomatic Bone (2) temporal process 12. Vomer (1) 13. Inferior nasal conchae (2) 14. Mandible body mental foramen ramus mandibular angle mandibular foramen coronoid process condylar process Associated Bones of Skull 15. Hyoid Bone body lesser horns greater horns Auditory Ossicles – “paired ear bones” 16. Malleus (2) “Hammer” 17. Incus (2) “Anvil” 18. Stapes (2) “Stirup” Axial Skeleton / Vertebral Column (D2L / Content / Lab Videos / Skeleton Lab Videos / Vertebral Column Lab Video) Parts of a typical vertebra body (centrum) vertebral foramen (canal) spinous process transverse process lamina pedicle vertebral notch superior articular process inferior articular process Types of Vertebrae 19. Cervical vertebrae (7) transverse foramen bifid spinous process Atlas - first cervical vertebra -lacks a body Axis - second cervical vertebra - odontoid process (dens) 20. Thoracic vertebrae (12) a. long narrow inferiorly slanted spinous process b. rib facet (transverse costal facet) c. superior and inferior costal facets (demifacets) 21. Lumbar vertebrae (5 a. large prominent body b. large stout spinous and transverse process 22. Sacrum (5 fused sacral vertebrae) ala sacral promontory sacral foramen sacral crest sacral canal 23. Coccyx (4 fused coccygeal vertebrae) Vertebral Column Curvatures cervical curvature thoracic curvature lumbar curvature sacral curvature Axial Skeleton / Thoracic Cage (Bony Thorax) (D2L / Content / Lab Videos / Skeleton Lab Videos / Bony Thorax Lab Video) 24. Ribs (12 pr.) Parts of a rib: head tubercle neck costal groove Shaft Costal cartilage Rib Types: 1. True (vertebrosternal) ribs – first 7 pair 2. False ribs - pairs 8 – 12 a. vertebrochondral ribs – pairs 8-10 b. floating – pairs 11-12 25. Sternum manubrium jugular (suprasternal) notch clavicular notch sternal angle body (gladiolus) xiphoid process Skeletal Organization / Appendicular Skeleton PECTORAL GIRDLE (D2L / Content / Lab Videos / Skeleton Lab Videos / Pectoral Girdle Lab Video) 26. Scapula acromion process coracoid process glenoid cavity spine supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa subscapular fossa medial (vertebral) border lateral (axillary) border superior angle inferior angle supraglenoid tubercle infraglenoid tubercle 27. Clavicle a. acromial end b. sternal end BONES OF UPPER LIMB (D2L / Content / Lab Videos Skeleton Lab Videos / Upper Limb Lab Video) Brachial (Arm) Region 28. Humerus head greater tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular grove (sulcus) deltoid tuberosity radial groove lateral supracondylar ridge medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle coronoid fossa olecranon fossa trochlea capitulum Antebrachial (Forearm) Region 29. Radius head radial tuberosity styloid process 30. Ulna olecranon process trochlear notch coronoid process ulnar tuberosity radial notch styloid process Manus (Hand) Region Carpal Bones 31. Scaphoid 32. Trapezium 33. Trapezoid 34. Capitate 35. Hamate 36. Pisiform 37. Triquetrum 38. Lunate 39. Metacarpals (5) 40. Phalanges (14) proximal phalanges (5) middle phalanges (4) distal phalanges (5) PELVIC GIRDLE – Coxal Bone (2) “Os Coxae” (D2L / Content / Lab Videos / Skeleton Lab Videos / Pelvic Girdle Lab Video) 41. Ilium iliac crest anterior superior iliac spine anterior inferior iliac spine posterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine iliac fossa greater sciatic notch 42. Pubis superior ramus inferior ramus pubic tubercle pubic symphysis (see pelvic girdle) obturator foramen acetabulum 43. Ischium ischial tuberosity ischial spine lesser sciatic notch ramus BONES OF LOWER LIMB (D2L / Content / Lab Videos Skeleton Lab Videos / Lower Limb Lab Video) Thigh (Femoral) Region 44. Femur head fovea capitis neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter gluteal tuberosity linea aspera adductor tubercle medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle medial condyle lateral condyle intertrochanteric crest 45. Patella Leg Region 46. Tibia medial condyle lateral condyle tibial tuberosity anterior crest (border) medial malleolus 47. Fibula head lateral malleolus Pedal (Foot) Region Tarsal Bones 48. Talus 49. Calcaneus 50. Navicular 51. Medial cuneiform 52. Intermediate cuneiform 53. Lateral cuneiform 54. Cuboid 55. Metatarsals (5) 56. Phalanges (14) Proximal phalanges (5) Middle phalanges (4) Distal phalanges (5)