Skeletal System Part 2 & 3 (2016) - PDF

The Skeletal...

The Skeletal System: PART 2 (Identification and Location) Photo: (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  Review… (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill. The Skull cranium 8 sutured bones in sutured Facial bones: 13 bones 1 mandible Cranium encases brain attachments for muscles sinuses (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  A closer look… (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  The Hyoid Bone ∙ The only bone that does not articulate with another bone ∙ Serves as a moveable base for the tongue, and other muscle attachments (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  The Vertebral Column ∙ Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs made of cartilage ∙ The spine has a normal S curvature ∙ Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill. (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  Structure of a Vertebrae “Vertebrae are divided into three groups: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. ” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  A closer look: Lumbar vertebrae “The five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) have heavy, thick bodies to support the greater stress and weight that is placed on this region of the vertebral column” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  A closer look: Sacrum “The sacrum (sa¯-k rum) is composed of five fused sacral vertebrae (S1–S5). It articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebra and forms the posterior wall of the pelvis.” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill. Vertebral Column: Movement  A closer look: Coccyx “The most inferior part of the vertebral column is the coccyx (kok - six), or tailbone, which is formed of three to five fused coccygeal vertebrae” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill.  Thoracic Cage Ribs Thoracic Vertebrae sternum Costal cartilages “It provides protection for the internal organs of the thoracic cavity and supports the superior trunk, pectoral girdle, and upper limb.” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill. Thoracic cage True ribs are directly attached to the sternum (first seven pairs) Three false ribs are joined to the 7th rib Two pairs of floating ribs (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill. Thoracic Wall: Movement  The Skeletal System: PART 3 (Identification and Location) Photo: (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle (clavicle and scapulae) Upper Limb (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges) (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill.  Pectoral Girdle Pectoral Girdle (clavicle and scapulae) (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill.  A closer look: Scapula “The scapulae (skap -u¯-le, singular, scapula) are flat, triangular bones located on each side of the vertebral column, but they do not articulate with the axial skeleton. Instead, they are held in place by muscles, an arrangement that enables freedom of movement for the shoulder joints.” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill. Complete Figure 1- pectoral girdle View: Figure 2- posterior view of scapula Figure 3- lateral view Scapula (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  Scapular Movements  Upper Limb Upper Limb (humerus) “The humerus (hu¯ - mer-us) articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint, and the ulna and radius at the elbow joint.” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill.  Upper Limb Upper Limb (radius and ulna) ULNA- The ulna (ul -na) is the medial bone of the forearm. RADIUS- The radius (ra¯ -de¯-us) is the lateral bone of the forearm. (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill.  Upper Limb Upper Limb The carpal (kar -pul) bones, or wrist bones, consist of eight small bones. The metacarpals, bones of the palm, consist of five metacarpal bones that are numbered I to V starting with the metacarpal adjacent to the thumb. The bones of the fingers are the phalanges (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill. Upper Limb: Movement  Upper Limb: Hand Movement  Pelvic Girdle The pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones, or hip bones, that support the attachment of the lower limbs. (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill. Pelvic Girdle: Male and Female  Pelvic Movement  The Lower Limb (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  The Lower Limb Femur “The femur, or thigh bone, is the largest and strongest bone in the body.” “The patella, or kneecap, is located anterior to the knee joint.” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  The Lower Limb Patella (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  The Lower Limb Tibia (medial) “The tibia, or shinbone, is the larger of the two bones of the leg. It bears the weight of the body.” Fibula (lateral) “The fibula is the slender, lateral bone in the leg. The proximal head articulates with the lateral surface of the tibia but is not involved in forming the knee joint.” (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6 th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  Lower Limb: Movement  The Foot Tarsus- ankle Metatarsus- instep Phalanges- toes Support the body weight (LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc-Graw Hill.  Foot: Movement  Review Bones in the axial and appendicular skeletons  Reference LaPres, J. et al. (2016). Gunstream’s Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). Mc- Graw Hill. Chapter 1: ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals