Plasmodium Species Simplified PDF
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Cyrene Elijah S. Amorado
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This presentation provides a simplified overview of five Plasmodium species, which cause malaria. It covers the basics of these parasites, including their transmission, the life cycle stages, key features of each species, and the symptoms of malaria. The presentation also includes images/figures related to the different Plasmodium species and their life stages.
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Plasmodium Species Simplified Understanding the basics of malaria- causing parasites By: Cyrene Elijah S. Amorado, RMT, MSc Overview of Plasmodium spp. - Causative agents of malaria - Transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes - Infective stage to humans: Sporozo...
Plasmodium Species Simplified Understanding the basics of malaria- causing parasites By: Cyrene Elijah S. Amorado, RMT, MSc Overview of Plasmodium spp. - Causative agents of malaria - Transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes - Infective stage to humans: Sporozoites - Five species infect humans: 1. Plasmodium vivax 2. Plasmodium malariae 3. Plasmodium falciparum 4. Plasmodium ovale 5. Plasmodium knowlesi Plasmodium falciparum - Causes the most severe form: Malignant Tertian Malaria - Infects RBCs of all ages (no size change) - Key features: Multiple ring forms Crescent-shaped gametocytes High mortality rate - Associated with complications: Cerebral malaria, Blackwater fever Plasmodium vivax - Causes Benign Tertian Malaria - Prefers young RBCs (enlarged with Schüffner's dots) - Key features: Round gametocytes Relapse possible (dormant hypnozoites in the liver) - Incubation period: 12-20 days Plasmodium malariae - Causes Quartan Malaria - Prefers old RBCs (normal size with band-form trophozoites) - Key features: Rosette arrangement of merozoites Longest incubation period (18-40 days) Plasmodi um ovale - Causes Ovale Malaria - Prefers young RBCs (enlarged with fimbriated edges) - Key features: Comet-like RBCs Relapse possible (hypnozoites in the liver) - Rare and less severe - Zoonotic malaria (monkey parasite i.e. long tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis) Plasmodi - Infects RBCs of all ages (resembles P. um malariae and P. falciparum) - Key features: knowlesi Rapid replication cycle (24 hours) Can lead to severe infections - Found in Southeast Asia Life Cycle of Plasmodium spp. 1. Mosquito Stage: - Sporozoites injected during a bite 2. Human Liver Stage: - Sporozoites invade liver cells (schizogony) 3. Human Blood Stage: - Merozoites infect RBCs (symptoms appear) - Gametocytes taken up by mosquitoes to continue the cycle
