Session 1 Introduction to Critical Thinking PDF

Session 1 : An Introduction to Critical Thinking Critical Thinking MAPS GEN L6-001 Gopi Muthuraman  CRITICAL THINKING What Is Critical Critical thinking is thinking clearly and rationally. It involves t...

Session 1 : An Introduction to Critical Thinking Critical Thinking MAPS GEN L6-001 Gopi Muthuraman  CRITICAL THINKING What Is Critical Critical thinking is thinking clearly and rationally. It involves thinking precisely and systematically, and following the rules of logic and scientific reasoning, among other things. Thinking Gopi Muthuraman  CREATIVITY WHAT IS creativity, it is a matter of coming up with new and useful ideas, generating alternative possibilities. CREATIVITY Gopi Muthuraman  CRITICAL THINKING A critical thinker is able to do the following: Understand the logical connections between ideas. Formulate ideas succinctly and precisely. CRITICAL Identify, construct, and evaluate arguments. Evaluate the pros and cons of a decision. THINKER Evaluate the evidence for and against a hypothesis. Detect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning. Analyze problems systematically. Identify the relevance and importance of ideas. Justify one's beliefs and values. Gopi Muthuraman Reflect and evaluate one's thinking skills.  CRITICAL THINKING Critical thinking is sometimes thought to be too confrontational Thinking critically does not mean we criticize people MISCONCEPTIONS all the time. It is not practically useful because people in real life do not listen to reason. The objection is also wrong in assuming that critical thinking is opposed to emotions, relationships, and so Gopi Muthuraman  CRITICAL THINKING Good critical thinking is a cognitive skill Adopting Right Learning Theory Deliberate Practice Attitude IMPROVE OUR Meaning analysis Independence of THINKING Logic 10-year rule —around 10,000 thought hours of practice Open-mindedness: Scientific methods: Cool-headedness Decision and and impartiality values: An analytical and reflective attitude: Fallacies and biases: Gopi Muthuraman  CRITICAL THINKING Deliberate Practice How do we turn critical thinking into a natural habit? Question Issues to think about What does it mean Are the keywords and the main concepts clear? Can the Deliberate Practice ideas be made more precise? How is it related to other things? Any examples to illustrate what is meant? – fourfold path How many supporting List the reasons for and against the claim. Count and reasons and objections?. evaluate these reasons. Think about both sides of an issue. Any counterexamples to the claim? Why is this important or What are the major consequences? How does it affect relevant? people? Is it useful? Is it surprising? Have I learned something new and interesting? Which are the other What other information might be relevant? Any similar possibilities to consider? cases to think about? Gopi Muthuraman  CRITICAL THINKING Deliberate Practice How do we turn critical thinking into a natural habit? Deliberate Practice Apply fourfold path: Discuss whether it is wrong to eat (nonhuman) animals. – fourfold path. Gopi Muthuraman  CRITICAL THINKING Watch the Video - CRITICAL THINKING - Fundamentals: Introduction to Reasoning Critical Thinking (9:49m), and reflect your learning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cum3k- Wglfw&list=PLtKNX4SfKpzX_bhh4LOEWEGy3pkLmFDmk Gopi Muthuraman Gopi Muthuraman