Session 1 (2).pdf

Fundamentals of Information Systems Management 4H2MSI Welcome to the 4H2MSI Fundamentals of Information Systems Management course! 4H2MSI Course Learning Objectives Pleased to meet you ! Few words about yourselves ? Course expectations 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Intro Rodreck David § Professor of Data and Information Systems at EM LYON § Ph.D in Information Systems, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Interested in: Digital Platforms & Ecosystems Digital Innovation & AI Data Management & Data Co-sourcing Information Systems, Digital Strategy, and Transformation Course Learning Objectives Pleased to meet you ! Few words about yourselves ? Course expectations 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Intro Rodreck David § Professor of Data and Information Systems at EM LYON § Ph.D in Information Systems, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Interested in: Digital Platforms & Ecosystems Digital Innovation & AI Data Management & Data Co-sourcing Information Systems, Digital Strategy, and Transformation Course Objectives & Roadmap 1 Fundamentals of Information Systems, including their composition and functions in organizations 2 Integrated Mgt. Systems & Software (ERP, CRM, SCM, etc.) are applied in organizations Today we are here! 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management 3 Foundations of Data Management including data Security, Ethics and Sustainability considerations 3 4 Analysis and evaluation of Information Systems Acquisition and Deployment in Organizations Course Evaluation Group Work 1 [25%]: Case Analysis Information Systems at EM Lyon Business School Group Work 2 [25%]: Evaluation of an IS Project Harvard Business Case Final Exam [50%] 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Today’s Plan ▪ System and Computer Systems ▪ Information Systems ▪ Information Technology (IT) ▪ Information Systems Management ▪ The role of data, IT, people and processe 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Systems Basic Concepts: “System” Boundary What is a “System”? Environment A system is a group of interrelated components interacting according to a set of rules to produce outcomes. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Organization Input Processing Feedback Output Basic Concepts: “A Typical Computer System” A Typical Computer System 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://limbd.org/parts-of-computer-system-computerhardware-software-types-of-computers-micro-computers/ Basic Concepts: “A Typical Computer System” A Typical Computer System 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://peda.net/kenya/ass/subjects2/computerstudies/form-1/the-computer-system Basic Concepts: “System” What is a “System” Client Device 1 Data Storage Reports Client Device 2 Main Server Phoenix Computer Center Bookings Example: HOTELS® RESERVATION SYSTEM Boundary Client Device n… Input Processing Feedback 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Output Components of an Information System Hardware Software Networks Data People Processes Information Systems Basic Concepts: “Information Systems” What are “Information Systems”? Components of an Information System TECHNOLOGY OUTPUT INPUT DATA INFORMATION TRANSFORMATION PEOPLE 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management PROCESSES What is an Information System? An information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, retrieving, and processing data / information to facilitate planning, control, coordination, analysis, and decision making in business organizations IT & Data People & processes Hardware (architecture, servers, computers, devices, etc. Networks: (physical and logical connection tools and protocols such as the internet, LANs, WANs, VPNs, WiFi, BT, NFC, etc.) Software (client and server applications, APIs, AI, etc.) Data (data, databases, big data) People (employees, users, and their management) Process (routine use of procedures, rules, workflows, etc. by users) Systems that enable the interrelated interaction of… Information technology: comprises of hardware, software, and networking components that process, store and distribute data and information. - Used as a tool that provides computational power to manipulate, transform, transmit & communicate primarily data and information. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management IS Components Hardware Software processes People Data | Databases Computer-based Information System Networks 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Components of an Information System Hardware Information Systems HARDWARE What is Information Technology? Information technology is use of hardware, computer processing, software, networks and other supporting infrastructure to create process, store, exchange/transmit and secure data and information. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Computer system: Hardware Information Technology: Hardware IT: Hardware Hardware is a key component of information systems because it provides greater processing power to process large amounts of data using instructions set by people or embedded in software systems. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Hardware Motherboard. This is a printed circuit board that holds the central processing unit (CPU) and other essential internal hardware and functions as the central hub that all other hardware components run through. CPU. The CPU is the brain of the computer that processes and executes digital instructions from various programs; its clock speed determines the computer's performance and efficiency in processing data. RAM. RAM -- or dynamic RAM -- is temporary memory storage that makes information immediately accessible to programs; RAM is volatile memory, so stored data is cleared when the computer powers off. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Hardware Hard Disk Drive (HDD). HDDs are physical storage devices that store both permanent and temporary data in different formats, including programs, OSs, device files, photos, etc. Solid-state drive (SSD). SSDs are based on flash memory technology; SSDs are non-volatile, so they can safely store data even when the computer is powered down. Optical Drive. Optical drives typically reside in an on-device drive bay; they enable the computer to read and interact with nonmagnetic external media, such as compact disc read-only memory or digital video discs. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Hardware Heat Sink. Draws heat away from components to regulate/reduce their temperature. Often installed directly atop the CPU, which produces the most heat among internal components. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This chip-based device processes graphical data and often as an extension to the main CPU e.g., geometry, pixels, and rendering Network Interface Card (NIC). A NIC is a circuit board that enables the computer to connect to a network; also known as a network adapter or local area network adapter, it typically supports connection to an Ethernet network. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Hardware American Engineer, George Moore Moore’s Law Approximately every two years, technology doubles the total number of transistors that manufacturers can squeeze into an integrated circuit. In general terms, it implies that computing power increases exponentially over time. At their very core, computers are built out of a number chips or integrated circuits synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-moores-law.html 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroo m/opinion/moore-law-now-and-in-the-future.html Information Technology: Hardware Moore’s Law Approximately every two years, technology doubles the total number of transistors that manufacturers can squeeze into an integrated circuit. In general terms, it implies that computing power increases exponentially over time. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://physicsworld.com/a/moores-law-further-progress-willpush-hard-on-the-boundaries-of-physics-and-economics/ Information Technology: Hardware 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroo m/opinion/moore-law-now-and-in-the-future.html https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/opinion/moore-law-now-and-in-the-future.html Information Technology: Hardware A transistor https://youtu.be/aWLBmapcJRU?t=17 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management A computer chip with many transistors https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/innovationexplanations/mukesh-khare-on-smaller-transistors-analytics Information Technology: Hardware Moore’s Law Approximately every two years, technology doubles the total number of transistors that manufacturers can squeeze into an integrated circuit. In general terms, it implies that computing power increases exponentially over time. The newest transistor developed by IBM is 7 nm (nano meter) 100 nm is the Diameter of a human hair! 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://www.linkedin.com/posts/intel-corporation_fun-factsabout-moores-law-activity-6925097556343476224-T03h/ Information Technology: Hardware Moore’s Law Approximately every two years, technology doubles the total number of transistors that manufacturers can squeeze into an integrated circuit. In There are billions of general terms, it implies that transistors in your computing power increases personal laptops exponentially over time. These are cut or etched with a EUV (extreme ultraviolet) lithography lasers on a semiconductor material such as a silicon wafer A wafer of IBM Power 7 CPUs Currently the race is on in this semiconductor industry to develop even smaller chips that support faster processing for high performance computing e.g., powering AI 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://wired.me/technology/artifici al-intelligence/fit-billions-oftransistors-on-a-chip-let-ai-do-it/ https://www.ucl.ac.uk/quantum/news/2021/mar/building -quantum-processors-using-industrial-mass-fabricationtechniques Information Technology: Hardware 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/opinion/moore-law-now-and-in-the-future.html Information Technology: Hardware Hardware is a key component of information systems because it provides greater processing power to process large amounts of data using instructions set by people or embedded in software systems. Nowadays, many applications can be run by a small device because of technological development sin hardware Modern Smartphone capabilities Cellular telephony Bluetooth Wi-Fi Digital camera for images & video Mobile (digital) wallets Wireless charging/fast charging Global Positioning System (GPS) 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management E-mail Biometric applications Cloud storage Short Message Service (SMS, sending and receiving short text messages up to 160 characters in length) Instant Messaging Text messaging Organizer MP3 music player Scheduler Video player Address book Calculator Internet access with full-function browser Multi-Keyboards Information Technology: Hardware 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Hardware Hardware goes beyond the conventional computer 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Hardware Class Activity! Hardware for Information Systems at EM Lyon Business School Identify different physical hardware that are likely to form part of / support EM-Lyon’s Information System 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Hardware Servers: Application Servers: Host and run business school applications such as learning management systems (LMS), databases, and email servers. Web Servers: Used to host the school's website and online resources. Desktop Computers: Faculty and administrative staff use desktop computers for tasks like content creation, data analysis, and administrative work. Laptop Computers: Students and faculty may use laptops for mobility and flexibility in classrooms, libraries, and meetings. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Tablets and Mobile Devices: Used by students and faculty for accessing online resources, e-books, and educational apps. Networking Equipment: Routers and Switches: Enable wired and wireless connectivity across the campus. Firewalls: To protect the network and data from security threats. Printers and Scanners: Used for printing course materials, reports, and scanning documents. Projectors and Interactive Whiteboards: In classrooms for presentations and interactive teaching. Information Technology: Hardware Audiovisual Equipment: TVs, speakers, and video conferencing systems for lectures and meetings. Data Storage Devices: Network Attached Storage (NAS): Centralized storage for documents and research data. External Hard Drives: For local backups and data storage. POS Systems (Point of Sale): If the business school has a store or cafe, they might use POS systems for sales and inventory management. Security Cameras: For campus security and surveillance. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Biometric Access Control Systems: To control physical access to secure areas. Smart Cards or RFID Systems: Used for identity verification and access control. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) Systems and sensors to maintain suitable conditions in server rooms and data centres. Digital Kiosks and Signage: Information kiosks for students and visitors, and signage tor announcements, schedules, and information dissemination. Cabling Infrastructure: Ethernet cables, fiber-optic cables, and connectors to ensure connectivity. Components of an Information System Information Systems Software SOFTWARE Information Technology: Software 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://windsongtraining.ca/the-technologylayer-cake-users-apps-os-and-hardware/ Information Technology: Software Software is a set of instructions written using various programming languages to operate computers and execute specific tasks. Software is intangible and cannot wear out like hardware …but it can be affected by errors, bugs and other (malicious) software. There are various types of software in Computers 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Software Software System Software Operating Systems Application Software Programming Language Processors C, C++, C#, Java 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management General Purpose Customized e.g., Airport security system software Information Technology: Software General Purpose Applications Word Processing: for creating editing and saving documents Spreadsheets & Analytics: provide a way to do numeric calculations and analysis, displaying the result in charts and graphs. Typically provide a grid mesh working space divided into rows and columns, where users can enter numbers, text, or formulas. It’s the formulas that make a spreadsheet powerful, allowing the user to develop complex calculations. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Database: applications for data storage using a system of files or tables that store data and that are connected together using keys. Presentation: applications that provide a way to present information using slide decks. Text, images, audio, and visual can all be added to the slides. Web Browsers: application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. … Image and Video Processing Components of an Information System Hardware Software Networks Data People Processes Information Systems NETWORKS Information Technology: Computer Networks A computer network is a link or interconnection of two or more computing devices for transmitting and sharing resources such as data information, and applications. Computing devices include everything from a mobile phone, laptop, tablet, smart watch, to a server. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Computer Networks Types of Network Structures § A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer network is mainly of four types: Types of Network Structures § LAN: Local Area Network § PAN: Personal Area Network LAN § WAN: Wide Area Network Many others: e.g., MAN: Metropolitan Area Network 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management PAN WAN Information Technology: Computer Networks LAN : Local Area Network § A group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as building, office. § Used for connecting two or more devices through a communication medium such a cable § Built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters, and ethernet cables. § The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area Network. § Local Area Network provides higher security because data transfers occur outside public networks 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Computer Networks PAN : Personal Area Network § A network arranged within an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters/30ft. § Used for connecting the computer devices of personal use. § Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area network may include a laptop, mobile phones, media players and play stations. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Computer Networks WAN : Wide Area Network § A network that extends over a large geographical area such as states or countries. § A combination of network technologies are used to build WANs, such as telephone lines, fibre optic cables under the sea or satellite links. § Guess the Biggest WAN in the world? The Internet is one of the biggest WANs in the world! 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Technology: Computer Networks Client Server Model Network (e.g., Internet) 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model Information Technology: Computer Networks Computer network technologies are layered. At base level, the devices in a network are connected using either using physical wires such as fibre optics or wireless technologies. § Ethernet – wired computer network § Bluetooth – short range wireless technology § Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity § RFID – Radio Frequency Identification § NFC – Near Field Communications § Cellular GPRS – General Packet Radio Service (2G, 3G) LTE – Long Term Evolution (4G) 5G - Fifth Generation network technology 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Network Technologies Information Technology: Computer Networks Quick Quiz to wake us up! J What is the Internet? Inter-national network of computers True or False: The Internet runs on top of the World Wide Web or WWW? False. The statement is the other way around. The World Wide Web (WWW) runs on top of the Internet 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Please Do Not Tell Secret Passwords Anywhere J Information Technology: Computer Networks – TCP/IP The Internet Protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used to make the the Internet work as it does 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Please Do Not Tell Secret Passwords Anywhere J Networks Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model International Organization for Standardization (ISO) general conceptual model which defines the layers and standards of communication for the internet OSI MODEL TCP/IP MODEL APPLICATION LAYER APPLICATION PRESENTATION LAYER SESSION LAYER TRANSPORT TRANSPORT LAYER 7 Human computer interaction layer where apps can access the network services and connect to other apps 6 Ensures that data is in a usable format – encryption/decryption layer 5 Maintains and controls connections, ports and sessions 4 Transmits data using transmission protocols such as TCP and UDP 3 Decides which path/route the data will take 2 Defines the format of data on the network 1 Transmits raw bit stream over a physical medium (e.g., fiber optic) And Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) INTERNET Developed first, by the Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET) NETWORK ACCESS 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management NETWORK LAYER DATA LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER Information Technology: Computer Networks - OSI How does the Internet work? Mnemonic J APPLICATION ALL PRESENTATION PEOPLE SESSION SEEM TRANSPORT TO NETWORK NEED DATA DATA PHYSICAL PROCESSING https://youtu.be/KHMwhjQrCmo 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Please Do Not Tell Secret Passwords Anywhere J Components of an Information System Information Systems DATA Data Data: general definition We will cover data in greater detail in Session 3 What is data? Symbols? Text? Numbers? Images? Videos? Bits and Bytes? Measurements? Facts? Observations? Insights? Statistics? Wisdom? Information? Data: general definition We will cover data in greater detail in Session 3 Concept Definition Examples Use Cases Raw Input Unprocessed sensory input from the environment. - Light waves from a camera. - Sound waves from a microphone. - Electric impulses from sensors. Sensing and capturing data from the environment. Raw Facts Unprocessed, fundamental data points. - Individual pixel values in an image. - Timestamped voltage readings from a sensor. Digital audio samples. Initial data collection and storage. Data Processed and organized raw facts with context. - Metadata associated with an image (e.g., date, Storage and transfer of data location). - A summary of sensor readings over a for analysis. specific time frame. - ID3 tags for music files. Knowledge Understanding and insights derived from data. - Recognizing a face in an image. - Identifying trends in sensor data. - Understanding the meaning of lyrics in a song. Problem-solving, decisionmaking, and learning from data. Wisdom Ethical and moral decisionmaking based on knowledge. - Using knowledge to make ethical decisions in business. - Applying principles to guide social policies. Ethical decision-making and societal well-being. Innovation Creation of new ideas, technologies, and solutions. - Developing new image recognition algorithms. Advancing technology, - Inventing new sensors for data collection. science, and industry. Creating novel audio compression techniques. Components of an Information System Information Systems PEOPLE People Information Systems: People People Technology Use Processes Tasks, instructions, etc. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Technology Information Systems: People § Every system needs people if it is to be useful and to be used as intended. § Often the most overlooked element of the system is the people, probably the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems. § This includes not only the users, but those who operate and service the computers, those who maintain the data, those who support the network of computers, and design software applications 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management User Experience IT Design Information Systems: People Negative social consequences: Difficulties to maintain work boundaries: Internet use lengthens work-day, infringes on family and personal time Health risks Repetitive stress injury (RSI) (largest sources are computer keyboards and mouses) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Exposure to harmful content if work requires constant internet use Other challenges Heavy automation and use of AI powered Information Systems can cause some jobs to become redundant, requiring re-deployment of people to other work areas and this can disrupt families 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Components of an Information System Information Systems PROCESSES Processes Information Systems Processes A business process is: …an ongoing collection of related activities that create a product or service of value to the organization, its business partners, and/or its customers. 1. Processes use resources (hardware, software, labor, time, efforts, money, etc.) 2. Need to be optimized for efficiency and effectiveness Optimal use of resources avoiding delays, wasting of materials, labor, efforts, money, and time while performing a task. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Achieving the desired goal: the extent to which processes help to successfully produce expected results Information Systems Processes 3. Processes generate data: ▪ Dates, times, product numbers, quantities, prices, addresses, names, employee actions ▪ Information systems capture & store process data or transaction data ▪ Capturing & storing data helps to provide immediate, ‘real time’ feedback 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Example: A business process for ordering an e-ticket from an airline website. Information Systems Processes 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Information Systems Processes 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Major Capabilities of Information Systems ▪ Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations ▪ Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations. s s e t r n o e ▪ Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yet p v i y p t c Su c small space. n e f ie n f § E ffic isio ▪ Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of § E ec information, worldwide. §D ▪ Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently. ▪ Automate semi-automatic business processes & manual tasks 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Components of an Information System Hardware Software Networks Data People Processes RECAP IS & IT REMEMBER: An information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, retrieving, and processing data / information to facilitate planning, control, coordination, analysis, and decision making in business organizations IT & Data People & processes Hardware (architecture, servers, computers, devices, etc. Networks: (physical and logical connection tools and protocols such as the internet, LANs, WANs, VPNs, WiFi, BT, NFC, etc.) Software (client and server applications, APIs, AI, etc.) Data (data, databases, big data) People (employees, users, and their management) Process (routine use of procedures, rules, workflows, etc. by users) Systems that enable the interrelated interaction of… Information technology: comprises of hardware, software, and networking components that process, store and distribute data and information. - Used as a tool that provides computational power to manipulate, transform, transmit & communicate primarily data and information. 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management Components of an Information System Hardware Software Networks Data People Key Takeaways: § An information system is made up of technology (hardware software, networks, etc.) data (internal, external, structured and unstructured), people (human resources), and processes. § It is the interaction of these elements that gives rise to an information system. § The fundamental role of an information system is to handle data and information securely, efficiently and effectively, to support business decisions and activities. § A computer system supports IS, making it more effective and efficient, by means of technology and automation, data collection, archiving and storage, processing and distribution Processes https://plextrac.com/what-is-an-information-system-defined-and-outlined/ Thank you for your attention! 4H2MSI: Fundamentals of Information Systems Management

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