The Existence of Artificial Intelligence in the Future PDF

Journal of Technology and Informatics (JoTI) Vol. 5, No. 1, October 2023 P-ISSN 2721-4842 E-ISSN 2686-6102 DOI: 10.37802/joti.v5i1.349 The Existence of Artificial Intelligence in the Future...

Journal of Technology and Informatics (JoTI) Vol. 5, No. 1, October 2023 P-ISSN 2721-4842 E-ISSN 2686-6102 DOI: 10.37802/joti.v5i1.349 The Existence of Artificial Intelligence in the Future Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim1 1 Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Artificial intelligence is arranged and communicates in a language structure to have a machine learning algorithm that picks up the faster solution in solving humanity’s problems. However, the separation between good and bad all comes down to the human’s intention and determination. Hence, it is crucial to look at the data patterns and come out with the most appropriate machine algorithm. The layering of nodes and information is forming to create a piece of new knowledge. It is a universal language algorithm that speaks with one another to convey the same message. In other words, dimensionality and data simplicity lure in more knowledge and understanding of the problem. Keywords: Dimensionality; Language Structure; Machine Learning INTRODUCTION damaged or malfunctioning systems. In return, human reported that based on a recent mistakes, system failures, and defectiveness of the PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) study, there are more product can be reduced and improved. than fifteen trillion U.S. dollars of artificial intelligence Other fields require artificial intelligence as (AI) expenditure in the global economy by 2030. well. They can be peacemakers, law justifications, and However, proclaimed that 35 percent of global entertainment industries. Not only capable of having organizations attempted to incorporate AI in their daily artistic taste and fair judgment but also having a sense of business activities. Hence, presumed that AI should humanity. For instance, logical reasoning for handling be broadened and widened in their field of expertise. human cases at the court. Intelligence is the opposite of It goes as Bonnefon and Rahwan stated that ignorance. Artificial intelligence also holds for the folk theories emphasized how humans think can future. Artificial intelligence also can be a part of powerfully shape and modeled how the machines were humanity, but it is also emotionless at the same time. made and extensively perceived by the users. Artificial From a global perspective, artificial intelligence is a intelligence is more to machines that can operate and companion to humans, but one should not replace their communicate with other beings. It is different from trust and loyalty. It can be very promising, but in the end, human intellectual ability and common sense to make up humans decide what is best for them. their minds. In an organized manner, machines can Based on DoubleClick for Publishers , AI perform tasks, such as problem-solving. Artificial also has a hidden talent but not by mimicking instead intelligence attempts to copy and imitate human learning how humans got their hands in the art world by behaviors by coding and programming instead of making practicing and expressing even without having feelings their own decisions. Artificial intelligence manages to and emotions to make sense of it. Remarkably, the word conduct and handle massive and surmount tasks to generative artificial intelligence is mentioned by Agence surpass humans' capabilities. Nowadays, many decision- France- Presse Relaxnews to be assigned in the makers are moving forward with artificial intelligence. design sector which drastically evolved with imagining In terms of education, artificial intelligence is tools, such as Dall-E 2, Imagen, DreamBooth, and Stable over the top. Students can experience and get inspired by Diffusion producing interactive images generated from the latest invention and technologies. Artificial the written scriptures of instructions. Yara et al. intelligence also assists students in tutoring and helping opened up about the authorship of music that can be them with their understanding to be more imaginative in proclaimed by the AI itself since the author has not their classrooms. For instance, Yara et al. discovered contributed any creativity to the song. In the land of the the non-profit organization Enlearn from Seattle has United Kingdom which valued the artistic creativity of a developed an interactive educational platform operated certain artist, Yara et al. claimed that the law is well- under machine learning in speeding up their learning equipped with protection and ownership of machine- process. Hence, Yara et al. found Ministry of generated works to contain their originality. Education and Science of Ukraine had made it work but The purpose of the review paper is to give an safety comes first. Artificial intelligence will also reduce overview of the expanding and in certain circumstances labour in manufacturing. Manufacturing involves a even invasive scope of AI in its practical application. surplus amount of product lines that require strength and As mentioned before, Burns defined time. In this case, Saxena added the main facility for artificial intelligence as the simulation process of human the manufacturing sector is robotic process automation, intelligence using machines and computer systems. including robotic assembly, and robots repairing Otherwise, West and Allen mentioned artificial 25 Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim / Journal of Technology Informatics (JoTI), Vol. 5, No.1, October 2023, Page 25-33 intelligence also incorporates and compiles information review may disseminate and elaborate more on the to conduct data analyses for human decision-making. In contributions made by the AI itself. other words, Schroer narrowed down artificial Human Intelligence VS Artificial Intelligence intelligence as a branch of computer science concerning Thinking is an act of producing thought which the build-up of machines and computers which operate requires an opinion or judgment. That is to differentiate under human-structured orders. Generally speaking, between good and evil and to understand the outcomes. Collins et al. , Turing , and McCorduck in It is natural to think of the best way to survive danger. accordance with John McCarthy had defined and coined Compared to robots, there are more emotionless and the word artificial intelligence as the science and indecisive depending on humans' attention at times. Not engineering of making intelligent machines. Hence, until Armstrong referred to a group of researchers Schroer also defined it as an interdisciplinary science namely, Anastasiia Raina, Lia Coleman, Meredith creating opportunities and advancements in the tech Binnette, Yimei Hu, Danlei Huang, Zack Davey, and industry. In simple language, Kumari stated God Qihang Li found that AI somehow managed to copy the had given humans the intelligence to build machines. In behaviour of the brain’s neurons that is the first neural other words, Kumari also mentioned artificial network developed to teach itself and improve over time intelligence obtains data and conveys information to with minimal to no human intervention. humans to perform their tasks. Based on these statements, human thinking is In the United States in 2017, West & Allen different from machine thinking. Artificial intelligence is and Davenport et al. accumulated 17% of 1,500 more than that. The human mind is like a sponge that senior business leaders who were still puzzled by the absorbs information and memories as it exercises like a term artificial intelligence. West and Allen added that muscle that requires training to achieve its goals. Time is they may realize the full potential of artificial valuable. Imagine if artificial intelligence does the same intelligence in running a business but are still unaware of by keeping and restoring information in time and their ways of conducting it. Further, Schroer abundance. discovered that continuous advancements in machine According to Kumari , there are seven learning and deep learning seem to blossom in the tech fundamental differences between human and artificial industries. intelligence as follows: The dynamic duo Stuart Russell and Peter 1. Humans make up their minds. By dealing with Norvig studied the four basic approaches when defining figures and numbers, humans discover more and artificial intelligence. They are separable based on the increase their knowledge to understand real-world action of thinking and doing. The scopes are rational and problems. have a sense of humanity. Artificial intelligence can 2. Hence, artificial intelligence is dependent on the think humanly or rationally and act humanly or data to finalize the answer. Unlike humans, they rationally. However, Schroer realized that humans have logical thinking for rationality and reasoning. are complex beings that can either be ignorant or 3. History makes your day. It is a reality for humans irrational. Hence, the former Massachusetts Institute of to learn and recall their past mistakes. The given Technology (MIT) professor of artificial intelligence and information is in the present, so artificial computer science, Patrick Winston, mentioned intelligence can only pick up what is already for algorithms bounded by constraints are supported by them. looping models that combine thinking, perception, and 4. For coping and adapting, humans are more capable action altogether. than artificial intelligence but require adjustments Until now, Allen , Bhatnagar et al. , to the new environment. Brachman , Simon H. , and Nilsson 5. Artificial intelligence consumes less energy than defended that there is still no definite meaning of humans. Human brainpower consumes more power artificial intelligence despite its longevity in various than physical labor. research fields. From a holistic view, Rai et al. 6. Humans are slow when processing information as finalized the meaning of having the ability of a machine compared to computers until now. to perform cognitive functions that they associate with 7. Humans are better companions than artificial human minds, such as perceiving, reasoning, learning, intelligence by excelling in social interactions and interacting with the environment, problem-solving, interpersonal skills. decision-making, and demonstrating activity. Overall, Collins et al. found AI is achieved in separate ways to achieve different goals in terms of METHOD structure, behavior, capability, and function which are A narrative review is implemented by dividing relatively operated and functioned using the same human the general knowledge of artificial intelligence based on brain. Hence, Collins et al. added intelligence does introducing the term, the cognitive process for artificial not belong to any biological beings but is also referred to thinking, the functionality of the system, the history as a general notion to impersonate the mind itself behind it, the gains and losses, and the future perceived artificially even for robotic inventions as well. by the users. Henceforth, the sections are narratively Henceforth, Bonnefon and Rahwan distinctive by the concepts of having AI. Hence, this perceived the rough idea of having a fast and slow 26 Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim / Journal of Technology Informatics (JoTI), Vol. 5, No.1, October 2023, Page 25-33 thinking process which is a dual process to differentiate the overload of thinking independently. In a user between intuition and reason. Humans can come out with experience, Bonnefon and Rahwan summarized slow their own intuitions and reasons even for others but thinking is known to be objective and fast thinking is artificial intelligence is more of the word reasoning with more subjective. Bonnefon and Rahwan and Castelo provided logical thinking behind it. Further, Armstrong et al. understood some machines may think fast quoted from John Zimmerman, Professor of making them conceivable for subjective tasks. Bonnefon Artificial Intelligence and Human-Computer Interaction, and Rahwan found slow thinking machines conduct at Carnegie Mellon University that it is difficult to themselves at their own will without human interference. predict intuition. So as, the involvement of others, Further, Bonnefon and Rahwan and Kupor et al. humans tend to care and appreciate others’ help and care notified some intelligent machines operated under both for their individual or group needs. Artificial intelligence thinking modes for their daily operations. Accordingly, is not far behind as nowadays humans wanted to give life Saxena found that the so-called intelligent machines to the machinery world in having a meaningful manage to replace smart devices, including community. This is what is called by Bonnefon and smartwatches, smart televisions, smart appliances, and Rahwan implementing intuitive and reflective smart thermostats which are commonly known as the processes. As mentioned by Bonnefon and Rahwan , Internet of Things (IoT). artificial intelligence should also learn from the How Does Artificial Intelligence Work? perspective of others in the act of cultural and At a preliminary level, Saxena noticed every background differences. Bonnefon and Rahwan human endeavor generates data. Preoccupied with data described it as having metacognition machines which is management, Saxena added a manageable data comes the way human cognition is projected onto machines. with the right strategic business operations, goals, and However, time for speed is the amount of information priorities. Saxena underlined data quality to be gathered between humans and artificial intelligence that checked and diagnosed first before implementing AI and is measured to be compared with each other. Then, machine learning. Burns and Kumari Armstrong added all an algorithm does is make summarized that artificial intelligence deals with training predictions and probabilities. data, analyzing patterns, and correlations to make future Fast thinking involves a rapid and quick response to predictions. The so-called training data as referred to by a certain situation that requires a thoughtful act to be Armstrong will be initiated first before training carried out. Slow thinking instead of taking a shortcut models are utilized in machine learning. Thus, Kumari requires a more careful and arranged set of behaviors to explained artificial intelligence may be more precise react in a kind of way. In this case, the features and and accurate than humans in analyzing data and criteria for differentiating between both systems can be producing results, but humans are the pioneers in elaborated more by Bonnefon and Rahwan as shown technology. Saxena exclaimed that in this in the following table. revolutionary era of big data, both structured and unstructured data are the underlying patterns and Table 1. The Distinguished Parts Fast and Slow Thinking behavioral analyses for consumers’ preferences and Thinking Fast Thinking Slow Thinking business environments. It is discovered by Burns Systems states that artificial intelligence interacts with humans to Information A large amount A small meet their needs for image recognition tools. Then, containment of information amount of Kumari added it can be done by basic reasoning with less information behind it. Further, Burns elaborated there are three effort. can be cognitive skills that artificial intelligence requires to processed at a keep in touch with humans, such as learning, self- time. reasoning, and self-correction. In business, for instance, Set of rules Implicit and Explicit rules Saxena proposed that unraveling the data value provide ideal are set in with comes with a long-lasting business impact. solutions in a invisible The first step as identified by Burns and timely manner. reasons. West and Allen is the learning process involving Type of roles Off track and With careful algorithms using numbers and calculations to conduct a become reliant inspection, specified human task. Then, Burns ensured that the on the usual, there is a selected algorithm will do the job of obtaining the most normal, and corrective role. accurate results. Collins et al. added artificial familiarity. intelligence is at another level of cognition involving a learning process as proposed by Langley as follows: It seems as if both thinking skills whether it is 1. Multi-step reasoning fast or slow are compromising for different fields of 2. The meaning of natural language study. Bonnefon and Rahwan mentioned in the 3. Innovative artifacts engineering field they are able to differentiate between 4. Novel plans that achieve goals heuristic and analytical reasoning. Heuristic is a 5. Reason out their actions simplification of the complexity of problems to minimse 27 Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim / Journal of Technology Informatics (JoTI), Vol. 5, No.1, October 2023, Page 25-33 Based on these steps taken, Kurzweil capacity to give more room for analyzing the larger size referred the artificial intelligence as a general human-like of data. That is, in the 1970s, Saxena added Gordon intelligence classified as strong AI. Instead of relying Moore estimated computer processing speeds or power only on chatbots and virtual agents to have quick and will double every two years. As indicated by Armstrong imminent responses, Collins et al. also brought up the , there is a long history of incorporating human human-agent interaction which is also known as hybrid emotions and behavior into non-human entities. knowledge. The term hybrid knowledge as discovered by Hence, Armstrong mentioned the Collins et al. is used to describe the knowledge gained development of AI consumed most of history time. through physical and virtual meetings among each other Beforehand, in 1964, Joseph Weizenbaum invented an by compiling between the two to have real experience in early natural language processing computer program, the outside world. Besides that, Collins et al. studied ELIZA, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology business values that may fully develop from the different (MIT) located at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory stages of maturity. which is an early chatbot to form a simple pattern According to Saxena , there are four types of matching to simulate basic conversational responses to a data analytics that are in the form of descriptive, user. In the present time, in 2019, Schroer referred to diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive. The first one is a paper entitled "One the Measure of Intelligence" stating considered by Saxena to be descriptive in nature how a veteran deep learning researcher and Google based on historical data. As for the repetitive use of data, engineer, Francois Chollet debates intelligence learned Saxena classified it as diagnostic analytics. Then, through experiences that then develop into valuable Saxena mentioned predictive analytics rely on skills for future prospective. Thus, Armstrong added probability, not certainty which soon develops into the main branch of AI during that time is machine prescriptive analytics that makes concluding remarks learning. As clarified by Saxena , Starbucks is not a based on the predictive results. company but a data company that sells coffee. This To put into work, Saxena studied for shows that business momentum is not holding on to a algorithm made by the Netflix business for movie certain commodity offered, such as food and beverages, watchers even for a huge crowd of audiences which but can also give more satisfying services to the found to be accessible during the pandemic somehow customers based on their personal customization and manage to keep its’ originality content and get satisfying preferences. In fact, Saxena mentioned the humanoid reviews from online streaming of tv shows and movies. robots which learn, and study human behaviors based on From the basic calculation of correlation analysis, a sufficient amount of data. Saxena reported the smallest detail as in the The Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence thumbnails images from different movies are strongly As mentioned by Bonnefon and Rahwan , correlated with a tv show or a movie. machines may assist humans in the approval of bank History In Making loans, the determination of a defendant to get parole, During the Industrial Revolution, human labor managing kidney transplantation, and in driving which and capitalism were on top of business productivity. The signaled the driver to speed up in a jiffy when facing diversification of the human economy creates job obstacles along the road. On the road, Yara et al. and opportunities as part of survival. Not until pioneers come managed to explain the cooperation between AI and the out with automotive skills to help create robots and Traffic Organization Center of Ukraine to calculate and automatic machines to assist humans doing the laborious analyze the behavior of cars including the number of cars jobs. Thus, Armstrong discovered the function of in a traffic jam and the number of vehicles by the capitalism in implementing something new to engage direction of movement, depending on the time of the day with the customers. and other influential factors. Then, Saxena added in Schroer started off with the breaking code of an autonomic system of a vehicle, AI had the sensibility enigmatic made by Alan Turing over a decade ago for to correct error codes to avoid dangerous situations while Allied forces in the Second World War. It turns out on a highway. Instead, Saxena even mentioned successful, thanks to Alan Turing becoming the first having shortcuts or alternative routes to shorten the human to break the code. Schroer also summarized distance for the car to reach its destination. In this case, that it all comes down to his question of whether Armstrong portrayed AI as a human navigation machines can think. system to guide them in reaching their destinations. Saxena dated back to the 1950s when robots Bonnefon and Rahwan added ethical made their debut but were missing components of big standards need to be addressed in the final touch. data and artificial intelligence. In the 1950s and 1960s, Bonnefon and Rahwan , Wong , and Srivastava et as recalled by Saxena , companies operated using al. viewed it ironically as humans tend to think too large mainframe computers. Despite their outstanding slowly when applying corrective measures to improve achievement during that time, Saxena stated that there the ethical issues faced by Fast Thinking machines. is a limitation in storage capacity and a slower micro Bonnefon and Rahwan , Mercier and Sperber , processing system. However, Saxena studied and De Neys also explained that rationalization is Moore’s Law which envisioned that machines tend to one of the psychological perspectives owned by humans become smaller in size and have a bigger storage when making their judgments to be put in use for 28 Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim / Journal of Technology Informatics (JoTI), Vol. 5, No.1, October 2023, Page 25-33 building machines in the era. Steels and Brooks having artificial intelligence in assisting humans to unraveled in 2015 that Bill Gates was well-versed in overcome social boundaries or create job artificial intelligence, but it can be a warning to opportunities seems to be far-fetched until now. humankind for being exposed to the overdevelopment of 6. Push over the boundaries seems to be overboard this artificial intelligence systems. It sounds difficult as soon time. Some law enforcers or lawmakers tend to as Stephen Hawking describes that artificial intelligence make their lawful statements to be decided by will end the human race. Elon Musk, the founder of Tesla artificial intelligence. To follow blindly artificial and SpaceX shares the same statement. Thomas intelligence interpretations and predictions without enlisted the potential risks that surround artificial firm belief or justification, may pose a great risk to intelligence until now as follows: humanity across all ages. 1. Automation layoffs. In other words, Armstrong 7. Overly and freely automated artificial intelligence depicted the word deskilling of humans. As without human interference is a risky situation. This mentioned by Chadha and Saxena , there may include hacking systems and cyberattacks that should be a balance between automation and growth are invaders to the computerized system to handle without leaving behind loyal employees. Chadha and control their operations. By handling them in suggested holding back on automating until proper hands, there is less risk and danger, to begin there is a comparison of growth rates being made in with. the business. Hence, Chadha reasoned out by giving room to them is another welcoming strategy There are economic challenges when it comes for having a long-term strategy and reducing the to artificial intelligence. This is because Thomas speed of automation. Remember humans are better studied the consequences of having investors become adapters than artificial intelligence which may cope even timider and unconfident when dealing with the and strategies with the automation process. current financial situation. As known by Thomas , 2. Thomas dated back in 2018 and reported social artificial intelligence may decide for the financier to violation is ranked as one of the top dangers of make the profitable or riskier decision when handling the artificial intelligence. For instance, Thomas monetary future. But still, they need to be well-equipped depicted TikTok as the most widely anticipated by knowing how to decide by using their artificial social network to ever be used for a political purpose intelligence. in Filipina. People need to be careful when The Charlotte Observer/ Tribune News Service expressing their viewpoints in public especially referred to Better Business Bureau in finding out the when involved in their personal lives. Another most recent cybercrimes, such as phishing, example as referred by Thomas is that TikTok’s impersonation, and romance scams that took advantage artificial intelligence algorithm tends to trace back of personal information posted online on social and filter out some harmful and inappropriate media networks. For instance, The Charlotte Observer/ Tribune to be shared among the users. Hence, one after News Service studied scammers who interfered with another caused some misunderstandings or businesses online, including Amazon which falsely misperceptions about a certain subject that seems to proclaimed to change their account website forcing them violate their privacies and intricacies at the same to create a new profile when signing up. time. One of the ways to mitigate the risk is to have a 3. Micro scoping other people’s lives is against the balanced relationship between humans and artificial law. The involvement of social surveillance intelligence. The way we attach and interact with uncovered by Thomas can also be referred to as artificial intelligence plays a vital role in having a more a criminal act to violate one’s privacy and security. meaningful mechanistic relationship with each other. It Instead, monitoring people in public places also all depends on their intentions and wants which could not requires personal data to be collected which seems easily influence the way they are making their decisions to be too overcontrolled or overprotective up to the and plan for their future as well. Artificial intelligence point that might also endanger their lives. hopes to have remained compatible and engaged in 4. Then, Thomas added artificial intelligence is human lives which assists them in doing laborious work also biased against gender and race. Stereotyping and timely behaviour. As a community, it is crucial to and other types of biases may influence the viability have the knowledge and tools in improving themselves or appropriateness of artificial bits of intelligence by using artificial intelligence in their daily lives. It does algorithms in measuring humans’ capabilities. Even not mean that humans must stick to their old-fashioned artificial intelligence would not recognize their ways of doing their business and continuing doing what talents and skills in improving themselves to achieve they are doing but also to be able to expand their their dreams. knowledge and curiosity towards the future of the 5. Due to earlier unfairness and discrimination, this people. may lead to other problems. As mentioned before, Hence, The Charlotte Observer/ Tribune News the talent pool and the growth of communities are Service is expected to have a lookout for suspicious unable to be measured and analyzed by artificial content when using online services by following the intelligence. Hence, Thomas had the idea of steps as shown below. 29 Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim / Journal of Technology Informatics (JoTI), Vol. 5, No.1, October 2023, Page 25-33 1. Be cautious of unsolicited messages. hands. But Edubirdie continuously uncovered that 2. Asking for contact information for verification. the so-called nanotechnology collaborated with artificial 3. Labeled as red flags. intelligence to identify bad cells in cancer patients for 4. Authenticate personal account. tumor penetration and drug distribution. 5. Generate a strong password. There is a need to have a humanoid robot as a 6. Make sure of the originality of the website friend in the future. As well as; Armstrong before downloading files or clicking on links. emphasized the empathic relationships with AI by The Future Perspectives of Having Artificial observing their relationships with lifelike robots. Intelligence Edubirdie described the process of having One of the prospects of artificial intelligence is caregivers or home companions as future caretakers. the increased number of job layoffs. Edubirdie Edubirdie is aware of their extension to record and accounted for what Forrester wrote an article on ‘The convey meaningful information to have intelligent Future of Work’ which predicts by 2030 that job losses conversations, prepare healthy meals, and smoothen the will reach a rate of 29 percent equivalent to roughly 20 daily average of human activities at the same time. That million jobs with an even lesser job creation which is mentioned by Armstrong that there is a possibility amounted to 13 percent. This is because Edubirdie of blending AI intelligence with human interpersonal escalated that most projects are dealing with hands-on skills. The latest one is to develop an emotion AI in artificial intelligence especially data entry, inventory detecting their feelings and emotions using a neural trackers, proofreaders, and receptionists. Nowadays, network of mappings onto their connected nodes in even practical training is replaced by automated determining the positivity or negativity vibe received by machines and vehicles for high performance and cutting the researcher. Saxena referred to it as artificial edge. emotion intelligence also known as affective computing Artificial intelligence is also a medium for made of sensors, cameras, and deep learning to interpret humans to further discover and explore new inventions human emotions after seeing movies or engaging in any and hidden places even in space. For instance, Edubirdie educational activities. Yara et al. measured the mentioned Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory possibility of measuring human emotions under can predict thermoelectric materials by using artificial psychological indicators, such as pulse and body intelligence. According to Edubirdie , it does not electrical impulses. However, Armstrong also only stop there since the technology also advanced in reminded them that the machine’s ability to read and 2017 after discovering a shocking exploration involving interpret human emotions may take time to rejoice. the National Aeronautics and Space Administration In Japan, there is drastic and progressive (NASA) which discovered the eighth planet in the solar changes had been pointed out by Yara et al. in the system using the technology of artificial intelligence. law-making procedures using AI. In criminology, Yara Then, in 2019, Edubirdie also found another two et al. studied the use of software “Cassandra” planets discovered by astronomers at the University of incorporated with the elements of AI that analyses the Texas. This also includes what Agence France- Presse repeated violations which broke the law. Yara et al. Relaxnews has found that NASA also put in a lot of also come across the same law enforcement introduced effort to master the design of a Preserverance rover in by another AI program known as COMPAS designated bringing back the Earth’s soil from the Red Planet called for certain states of the United States of America MARS as a sample. including New York, California, Florida, and Wisconsin. In terms of healthcare, Edubirdie remained Due to the heap amount of criminology and correctional at a standstill as it does not take years and effort for practices that are still expanding until now, the software artificial intelligence to suggest some preventive programs have yet to be evaluated and implemented measures to put a halt to any such epidemic occurring in again in the future. Thus, Yara et al. and Yong the world. As mentioned by Edubirdie , in the suggested that software programs can be assessed in healthcare sector, artificial intelligence got the chance to three ways, such as the risk assessment of general study the underlying patterns of diseases, diagnoses, and recidivism, violent recidivism, or the possibility of treatments based on several sets of data. It was later escape modeled in an algorithmic computerized system explained by Edubirdie that life expectancies, the with some adjustments under the law. However, the onset of diseases, improvement in drug trials, and profiling system of a suspect remains undetectable and becoming an assistant to a doctor for detecting and unrecognizable as there is a weakened system in the diagnosing symptoms of a certain kind of disease. identification records. Further, Yara et al. found the Agence France- Presse encountered Garmi as a fallibility and impairment of AI due to the non-linearity doctor’s assistant in remote communities in Germany to and heterogeneity of other data making it impossible to keep on track of the health progress and look for data build an efficient algorithm. As mentioned before, Yara updates on their personal health profiling to keep their et al. also referred to the impairment as a human betterment in health. For their healthcare support, mistake also related to cognitive biases. Eventually, Yara Agence France- Presse cherished their family and et al. stated that AI is not vulnerable to these kinds of friends that are always in their minds and hearts for their mistakes that provided humans with eligible objective journey of recovery with the brought-up AI in their results when analyzing a complex set of facts in making 30 Nur Aifiah Binti Ibrahim / Journal of Technology Informatics (JoTI), Vol. 5, No.1, October 2023, Page 25-33 more definitive and rational decisions. For instance, Fam To earn trust, an AI system should avoid any mentioned the application of Chat-GPT in the Law potential bias and discrimination for the protection of sector for supporting well-structured clauses provided human equal rights. Unequal rights may lead to with concrete evidence to finalize their statements in unjustifiable legal actions, especially in employment, court. economic mobility, and economic growth. So basically, According to Fam , the Generative by practising good sampling and data collection Pretrained Transformer 3.5 (GPT- 3.5) language model methods, there will be a representative sample to is popularized as a chatbot that provides human-like generalise the outcome of the study. In this case, AI with responses for generated questions by the user. However, good training data will increase the confidence to have a it is more like a prototype and unready made since it reliable predictive model employed by machine learning. provided responses that required further evidence to The word certainty is highly expected in this support its statements. Fam added even if the uncertain world. Hence, this can be measured by company runs wholly on Chat-GPT, it really needs some consistent probabilistic events. That goes for not refinements in supporting its business growth. Then, underestimating the dangers of errors in machine came along GPT-4 which may replace internet search learning models as well. The errors, in this case, can be engine tools aligned with digital books and online texts referred to as a failed output for the outcome of the study. to provide the most accurate answer in assisting humans Despite the harmful effects of AI, there are to make adjustments in their daily lives. Associated Press several challenges to be tackled. Therefore, AI systems given their word as GPT-4 is also ethical when may profoundly have data to be trained in producing answering extreme questions, such as making explosions more precise and accurate results. Besides a number of to endanger people’s lives by halting the system from misidentifications using facial recognition, an enhanced responding to such questions. AI may assist to take it to another level. RESULT AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Artificial intelligence is the advanced stage of There are both positive and negative impacts of accumulating knowledge on the making process of artificial intelligence on their precious lives. Ethics and having human thoughts and beliefs to be put into action. morality should also be looked into although artificial Neuroscience is referred to as the structure or function of intelligence operates on its own. Safety first. The privacy the nervous system and brain. Neurobiology is the and security of public users should not be invaded and study of nerve and brain function. Nerves are violated since their personal data are out in the open. As impulses that were triggered by the brain or spinal cord mentioned by Yara et al. , from now on, the protection to be transmitted to the muscles and organs. It shows of personal data, information protection, intellectual that the simulation of a computer system enhanced the property, and competition are on their shelves. This is chances of being able to think like a human brain after followed by Saxena emphasizing that AI is also undergoing cognitive processes. Besides that, viable for any misfit in attempting to access private and interdependence between humans and machines can be sensitive data. For instance, Saxena found that bank balanced by having both human and artificial branches tend to have AI for detecting any invalid users intelligence to help build a better ecosystem. It all started that invade the data breach for gaining information on with the Turing- powerful intelligent systems and bank accounts. After what the Agence France- Presse. This shows that the most recent build-up models Relaxnews has gone through specifically in the art may embrace the technicality of the human brain. and design concept universally intact with humans for However, humans should have full them to achieve balanced and optimal results in responsibility when handling the future technology of harnessing their creativity. AI. It is not an argumentative statement. It all starts with humans who are creating artificial intelligence until now REFERENCES in different genres from different backgrounds. It also A. Saxena, “The AI Factor: How to Apply includes human rights and ethical standards to meet their Artificial Intelligence and Use Big Data to Grow specifications. Based on the findings, humans are still Your Business Exponentially,” Post Hill Press, searching for the truth, especially when they are also 2023. curious in looking up information about the end of the J.-F. Bonnefon and I. Rahwan, “Machine day on planet Earth. 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