Section 1 Notes PDF

Fresh & Saltwater Systems  Topic 1: A World of Water *Words in red are the most important concepts*  Pair & Share: Check Your Knowledge 1) Name the 5 major oceans 2) Name 3 seas 3) Which oceans are found in both Northern and Southern hemispheres?  Pair & Share: Check...

Fresh & Saltwater Systems  Topic 1: A World of Water *Words in red are the most important concepts*  Pair & Share: Check Your Knowledge 1) Name the 5 major oceans 2) Name 3 seas 3) Which oceans are found in both Northern and Southern hemispheres?  Pair & Share: Check Your Knowledge 4) Name the 5 Great Lakes 5) Name 2 major Canadian rivers 6) Where is the 2nd largest reserve of water found? Is this fresh or saltwater? 7) Where is the deepest part of the oceans?  Cool Animals & Water! (not tested) Water Holding Frog (2:00 mins) Kangaroo Rat Thorny Devil Lizard ○ Never needs to drink water – Drinks water by collecting ○ All moisture is from eating moisture in its skin where it seeds drips into its mouth ○ Produces super condensed – Has a false head for protection urine from predators  The Blue Planet Why do you think Earth is referred to as the “Blue Planet”? Water is the key to life The water that makes our planet look blue is the key to our survival. Most of the water on Earth, about 97%, is salt water (oceans) and is unfit to drink We have to rely on the smaller supply of fresh water (lakes, rivers and ponds that most organisms can drink or use for life functions)  Why do we Need it? The main reason we need water is that our body cannot exist without it Every cell uses water, and about 65% of your body mass is water You give off water every day in sweat, breath, etc You need to replace that water, about 2.5 Litres per day Water is also vital for many of the everyday functions of life  How Do We Use It? Use the image on the next slide to find at least 10 ways that water is being used (purple) Also list 5 more ways that are NOT found in the image (yellow) Use the image on the next slide to find at least 10 ways that water is being used (purple) Also list 5 more ways that are NOT found in the image (yellow) How Do We Use It?  How Do We Use It? Go back to your list of water uses. Decide (on your own!) how you can separate that into 2 categories. ○ My categories are __________________ & ___________________ Let’s discuss as a class. Can we come to an agreement on the best way to separate these uses of water?  Why Is Water Important for Humans? 1. Survival 2. Hygiene 3. Agriculture 4. Industry 5. Leisure  Distribution of Water Remember, about 97% of the water on Earth is salt water. Of the 3% fresh water, most is frozen as the ice caps and glaciers About 0.5% of Earth’s freshwater is found as liquid fresh water and most of this is underground The rest, about 270 000 km³, must supply all other organisms on Earth. Water that is suitable for drinking is potable Distribution of Water  Let’s Calculate (Cross-curricular!) Imagine that 1L (1000 mL) of water represents all water available on Earth. Let’s calculate the volume each type of water would get Think About It… → What are sources for salt water? → What are sources for freshwater?  Do we Have Enough? The ____________________makes sure that the total amount of water on Earth is fairly constant However, the amount of freshwater is different parts of the world in not equal. Country Approx. Amount (km3) 8,233 4,508 3,069 2,902 2,840  Where is the Freshwater? 18% Brazil Lake Baikal- Russia 11% Russia 8-9% Canada 8-9% China 8-9% United States Fun Facts: -Lake Baikal is 103% the size of Belgium -What water source does Brazil have that makes it #1? -What sources do Canada/USA have?  The Water Cycle Remember the water cycle from past science courses? Water is constantly moving throughout the Earth. Water evaporates from the Earth because of the energy from the Sun. (The sun’s energy drives the water cycle) The water vapour condenses and falls to Earth as precipitation. Controls the distribution of Earth’s water With no water cycle, evaporation would completely dry out Earth in about 3000 years About 78% of Earth’s precipitation falls into the oceans  The Water Cycle Use the space below to draw the water cycle. Be sure to include evaporation, transpiration, condensation, groundwater, runoff and precipitation  Discussion Say it’s summer and it rains outside… What happens to that water? (ie. Where does it go?) ○ What are 3 possibilities? It either ___________________________, flows as ______________________ into a larger body of water or ____________________________ and ends up as ____________________________  Discussion What might I assess to decide where water is potable (safe to drink)?  Potability Factors Clarity: The amount of matter suspended in the water (how far can sunlight reach) Salinity: The amount of dissolved salts Hardness: Amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium (hard water has lots of this) pH: How acidic or basic the water is Colour: Can indicate presence of organic substances (ex. algae) which may be harmful Taste & odour: Doesn’t always have to taste/smell bad to be harmful When is Water Safe to Drink? (5 mins)  Do we Have Enough? The water cycle makes sure that the total amount of water on Earth is fairly constant The amount of freshwater is different parts of the world in not equal, however 5 countries hold more than half of the Earth’s renewable fresh water We also have to worry about how our actions determine the quality of the water Water quality: The characteristics of a water resource that make it suitable or unsuitable for various uses Water quantity: The amount of water  Off the Wall! The amount of water on our planet and in our atmosphere has not changed for billions of years. A glass of water you drink today may include some of the water particles used to clean and cool a dinosaur millions of years ago  Make Sure we Have Enough We are fortunate to have a lot of available freshwater in Canada, but we need to manage it carefully to make sure we don’t wreck our supply We have to consider all aspects like needs of people, industry, wildlife and our environment If we abuse the system, the system will abuse us! Make a list of ways you can help conserve our water supply. Write at least 6.  Water Management Involves balancing the water needs of people, industries, wildlife and the environment with the ability of fresh water systems to remain plentiful and clean To manage water properly, we need to know how much water we have and where it comes from We also need to know how water is used and how it can be negatively affected by pollution and overuse Topic 3: Freshwater Topic 3: Freshwater  Video & Discussion: SACRED RELATIONSHIP SHORT ❖ We’ve discussed ways that you use water on a daily basis ❖ As we watch the next video consider these questions (we will discuss after) ❖ Why is water important? ❖ What is the significance of water held by the Cree and Blackfoot elders in the video? ❖ Does this video inform your understanding of the importance of water? How? Indigenous Peoples view on Water (8 mins) Indigenous Peoples view on Water (8 mins) Reminders  Freshwater Systems You learned in topic 1 that freshwater accounts for about