CompTIA Security+ Dumps Review PDF

COMPTIA Security+ Dumps Review DUMP 1 1. An analyst is evaluating the implementation of Zero Trust principles within the data plane. Which of the following would be most relevant for the analyst to evaluate? A. Secured zones B. Subject role C. Adaptive identity...

COMPTIA Security+ Dumps Review DUMP 1 1. An analyst is evaluating the implementation of Zero Trust principles within the data plane. Which of the following would be most relevant for the analyst to evaluate? A. Secured zones B. Subject role C. Adaptive identity D. Threat scope reduction 2. A company that is located in an area prone to hurricanes is developing a disaster recovery plan and looking at site considerations that allow the company to immediately continue operations. Which of the following is the best type of site for this company? A. Cold B. Tertiary C. Warm D. Hot 3. The CIRT is Reviewing an incident that involved a human resources recruiter exfiltration sensitive company data. The CIRT found that the recruiter was able to use HTTP over port 53 to upload documents to a web server. Which of the following security infrastructure devices could have identified and blocked this activity? A. WAF Utilizing SSL decryption B. NGWF application inspection C. UTM utilizing a threat feed D. SD-WAN utilizing IPSec 4. Malware spread across a company’s network after an employee visited a compromised industry blog. Which of the following best describes this type of attack? A. Impersonation B. Disinformation C. Watering-hole D. Smishing 5. After a security awareness training session, a user called the IT help desk and reported a suspicious call. The suspicious caller stated that the Chief Financial Officer wanted credit card information in order to close an invoice. Which of the following topics did the user recognize from the training? A. Insider threat B. Email phishing C. Social engineering D. Executive whaling 6. A company is required to use certified hardware when building networks. Which of the following best addresses the risks associated with procuring counterfeit hardware? A. A thorough analysis of the supply chain B. A legally enforceable acquisition policy C. A right to audit clause in vendor contracts and SOWs D. An in-depth penetration test of all suppliers and vendors 7. which of the following describes a security alerting and monitoring tool that collects system, application, and network logs from multiple sources in a centralized system? A. SIEM (Security Information and Event Management System) B. DLP C. IDS D. SNMP 8. An enterprise is trying to limit outbound DNS traffic originating from its internal network. Outbound DNS requests will only be allowed from one device with the IP address 10.50.10.25. Which of the following firewall ACLs will accomplish this goal? A. Access list outbound permit 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 port 53 Access list outbound deny 10.50.10.25/32 0.0.0.0/0 port 53 B. Access list outbound permit 0.0.0.0/0 10.50.10.25/32 port 53 Access list outbound deny 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 port 53 C. Access list outbound permit 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 port 53 Access list outbound deny 0.0.0.0/0 10.50.10.25/32 port 53 D. Access list outbound permit 10.50.10.25/32 0.0.0.0/0 port 53 Access list outbound deny 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 9. To improve the security at a data center, a security administrator implements a CCTV system and posts several signs about the possibility of being filmed. Which of the following best describe these types of controls? (Select two). A. Preventive B. Deterrent C. Corrective D. Directive E. Compensating F. Detective 10. A company hired a consultant to perform an offensive security assessment covering penetration testing and social engineering. Which of the following teams will conduct this assessment activity? A. White B. Purple C. Blue D. Red 11. A security analyst reviews domain activity logs and notices the following: Which of the following is the best explanation for what the security analyst has discovered? A. The user jsmith’s account has been locked out. B. A keylogger is installed on jsmith’s workstation. C. An attacker is attempting to brute force jsmith’s account. D. Ransomware has been deployed in the domain. 12. A U.S.-based cloud-hosting provider wants to expand its data centers to new international locations. Which of the following should the hosting provider consider first? A. Local data protection regulations B. Risks from hackers residing in other countries C. Impacts to existing contractual obligations D. Time zone differences in log correlation 13. Employees in the research and development business unit receive extensive training to ensure they understand how to best protect company data. Which of the following is the type of data these employees are most likely to use in day-to-day work activities? A. Encrypted B. Intellectual property C. Critical D. Data in transit 14. Which of the following is the best way to consistently determine on a daily basis whether security settings on servers have been modified? A. Automation B. Compliance checklist C. Attestation D. Manual audit 15. A systems administrator would like to deploy a change to a production system. Which of the following must the administrator submit to demonstrate that the system can be restored to a working state in the event of a performance issue? A. Backout plan B. Impact analysis C. Test procedure D. Approval procedure 16. Which of the following describes the maximum allowance of accepted risk? A. Risk indicator B. Risk level C. Risk score D. Risk threshold 17. A client demands at least 99.99% uptime from a service provider's hosted security services. Which of the following documents includes the information the service provider should return to the client? A. MOA B. SOW C. MOU D. SLA 18. A company is expanding its threat surface program and allowing individuals to security test the company’s internet-facing application. The company will compensate researchers based on the vulnerabilities discovered. Which of the following best describes the program the company is setting up? A. Open-source intelligence B. Bug bounty C. Red Team D. Penetration testing 19. Which of the following security concepts is the best reason for permissions on a human resources fileshare to follow the principle of least privilege? A. Integrity B. Availability C. Confidentiality D. Non-repudiation 20. An organization wants a third-party vendor to do a penetration test that targets a specific device. The organization has provided basic information about the device. Which of the following best describes this kind of penetration test? A. Partially known environment B. Unknown environment C. Integrated D. Known environment 21. A security analyst is investigating an alert that was produced by endpoint protection software. The analyst determines this event was a false positive triggered by an employee who attempted to download a file. Which of the following is the most likely reason the download was blocked? A. A misconfiguration in the endpoint protection software B. A zero-day vulnerability C. A supply chain attack D. Incorrect file permissions 22. Which of the following is the most common data loss path for an air-gapped network? A. Bastion host B. Unsecured Bluetooth C. Unpatched OS D. Removable devices 23. A software developer released a new application and is distributing application files via the developer's website. Which of the following should the developer post on the website to allow users to verify the integrity of the downloaded files? A. Hashes B. Certificates C. Algorithms D. Salting 24. Which of the following agreement types defines the time frame in which a vendor needs to respond? A. SOW B. SLA C. MOA D. MOU 25. The local administrator account for a company's VPN appliance was unexpectedly used to log in to the remote management interface. Which of the following would have most likely prevented this from happening? A. Using least privilege B. Change the default password C. Assigning individual user IDs D. Reviewing log files 26. Which of the following threat actors is the most likely to be hired by a foreign government to attack critical systems located in other countries? A. Hacktivist B. Whistleblower C. Organized Crime D. Unskilled attacker 27. A technician is opening ports on a firewall for a new system being deployed and supported by a SaaS provider. Which of the following is a risk in the new system? A. Default credentials B. Non-segmented network C. Supply chain vendor D. Vulnerable software 28. A company is planning to set up a SIEM system and assign an analyst to review the logs on a weekly basis. Which of the following types of controls is the company setting up? A. Corrective B. Preventive C. Detective D. Deterrent 29. A security analyst scans a company's public network and discovers a host is running a remote desktop that can be used to access the production network. Which of the following changes should the security analyst recommend? A. Change the remote desktop port to a non-standard number B. Setting up a VPN and placing jump server inside firewall C. Using a proxy for web connections from the remote desktop server D. Connecting the remote server to the domain and increasing the password strength 30. Which of the following security concepts is accomplished with the installation of a RADIUS server? A. CIA B. AAA C. ACL D. PEM 31. Which of the following would be best suited for constantly changing environments? A. RTOS B. Containers C. Embedded systems D. SCADA 32. A small business uses kiosks on the sales floor to display product information for customers. A security team discovers the kiosks use end-of-life operating systems. Which of the following is the security team most likely to document as a security implication of the current architecture? A. Patch availability B. Product software compatibility C. Ease of recovery D. Cost of replacement 33. A company is planning to set up a SIEM system and assign an analyst to review the logs on a weekly basis. Which of the following types of controls is the company setting up? A. Corrective B. Preventive C. Detective D. Deterrent 34. An attacker posing as the Chief Executive Officer calls an employee and instructs the employee to buy gift cards. Which of the following techniques is the attacker using? A. Smishing B. Disinformation C. Impersonating D. Whaling 35. Which of the following describes the category of data that is most impacted when it is lost? A. Confidential B. Public C. Private D. Critical 36. Which of the following is used to add extra complexity before using a one-way data transformation algorithm? A. Key stretching B. Data masking C. Steganography D. Salting 37. A company is planning a disaster recovery site and needs to ensure that a single natural disaster would not result in the complete loss of regulated backup data. Which of the following should the company consider? A. Geographic dispersion B. Platform diversity C. Hot site D. Load balancing 38. Which of the following is the phase in the incident response process when a security analyst reviews roles and responsibilities? A. Preparation B. Recovery C. Lesson learned D. Analysis 39. An accounting clerk sent money to an attacker's bank account after receiving fraudulent instructions to use a new account. Which of the following would most likely prevent this activity in the future? A. Standardizing security incident reporting B. Executing regular phishing campaigns C. Implementing insider threat detection measures D. Updating processes for sending wire transfers 40. A company prevented direct access from the database administrators’ workstations to the network segment that contains database servers. Which of the following should a database administrator use to access the database servers? A. Jump server B. RADIUS C. HSM D. Load balancer 41. An enterprise has been experiencing attacks focused on exploiting vulnerabilities in older browser versions with well-known exploits. Which of the following security solutions should be configured to best provide the ability to monitor and block these known signature-based attacks? A. ACL B. DLP C. IDS D. IPS 42. Which of the following would be the best ways to ensure only authorized personnel can access a secure facility? (Select two). A. Fencing B. Video surveillance C. Badge access D. Access control vestibule E. Sign-in sheet F. Sensor  43. A systems administrator is working on a solution with the following requirements: Provide a secure zone. Enforce a company-wide access control policy. Reduce the scope of threats. Which of the following is the systems administrator setting up? A. Zero Trust B. AAA C. Non-repudiation D. CIA 44. While troubleshooting a firewall configuration, a technician determines that a “deny any” policy should be added to the bottom of the ACL. The technician updates the policy, but the new policy causes several company servers to become unreachable. Which of the following actions would prevent this issue? A. Documenting the new policy in change request and submitting the request to change management B. Testing the policy in a non-production environment before enabling the policy in the production network. C. Disabling any intrusion prevention signatures on deny any* policy prior to enabling new policy D. Including an ‘allow any1 policy above the ‘deny any* policy 45. An engineer needs to find a solution that creates an added layer of security by preventing unauthorized access to internal company resources. Which of the following would be the best solution? A. RDP Server B. Jump server C. Proxy server D. Hypervisor DUMP 2 46. A security consultant needs secure, remote access to a client environment. Which of the following should the security consultant most likely use to gain access? A. EAP B. DHCP C. IPSec D. NAT 47. A security administrator is deploying a DLP solution to prevent the exfiltration of sensitive customer data. Which of the following should the administrator do first? A. Block access to cloud storage websites. B. Create a rule to block outgoing email attachments. C. Apply classifications to the data. D. Remove all user permissions from shares on the file server. 48. An IT manager informs the entire help desk staff that only the IT manager and the help desk lead will have access to the administrator console of the help desk software. Which of the following security techniques is the IT manager setting up? A. Hardening B. Employee Monitoring C. Configuration enforcement D. Least Privilege 49. Which of the following threat actors is the most likely to use large financial resources to attack critical systems located in other countries? A. Insider B. Unskilled attacker C. Nation-state D. Hacktivist 50. Which of the following would help ensure a security analyst is able to accurately measure the overall risk to an organization when a new vulnerability is disclosed? A. A full inventory of hardware and software B. Documentation of system classifications C. List of system owners and their departments D. Third-party risk assessment documentation 51. A security practitioner completes a vulnerability assessment on a company’s network and finds several vulnerabilities, which the operations team remediates. Which of the following should be done next? A. Conduct an audit B. Initiate a penetration test C. Rescan the network D. Submit a report 52. A newly identified network access vulnerability has been found in the OS of legacy loT devices. Which of the following would best mitigate this vulnerability quickly? A. Insurance B. Patching C. Segmentation D. Replacement 53. Which of the following describes the process of concealing code or text inside a graphical image? A. Symmetric encryption B. Hashing C. Data masking D. Steganography 54. An administrator discovers that some files on a database server were recently encrypted. The administrator sees from the security logs that the data was last accessed by a domain user. Which of the following best describes the type of attack that occurred? A. Insider threat B. Social engineering C. Watering hole D. Unauthorized attacker 55. An organization is struggling with scaling issues on its VPN concentrator and internet circuit due to remote work. The organization is looking for a software solution that will allow it to reduce traffic on the VPN and internet circuit, while still providing encrypted tunnel access to the data center and monitoring of remote employee internet traffic. Which of the following will help achieve these objectives? A. Deploying a SASE Solution to remote employees B. Building a load-balanced VPN solution with redundant internet C. Purchasing low-cost SD-WAN solution for VPN traffic D. Using a cloud provider to create additional VPN concentrators 56. The marketing department set up its own project management software without telling the appropriate departments. Which of the following describes this scenario? A. Shadow IT B. Insider Threat C. Data exfiltration D. Service disruption 57. Which of the following should a systems administrator set up to increase the resilience of an application by splitting the traffic between two identical sites? A. Load balancing B. Geographic disruption C. Failover D. Parallel processing 58. A user is attempting to patch a critical system, but the patch fails to transfer. Which of the following access controls is most likely inhibiting the transfer? A. Attribute-based B. Time of day C. Role-based D. Least privilege 59. A cyber operations team informs a security analyst about a new tactic malicious actors are using to compromise networks. SIEM alerts have not yet been configured. Which of the following best describes what the security analyst should do to identify this behavior? A. Digital forensics B. E-discovery C. Incident response D. Threat hunting 60. A systems administrator receives the following alert from a file integrity monitoring tool: The hash of the cmd.exe file has changed. The systems administrator checks the OS logs and notices that no patches were applied in the last two months. Which of the following most likely occurred? A. The end user changed file permissions B. A cryptographic collision was detected C. A snapshot of the file system was taken D. A rootkit was deployed 61. A systems administrator is looking for a low-cost application-hosting solution that is cloud- based. Which of the following meets these requirements? A. Serverless framework B. Type 1 hypervisor C. SD-WAN D. SDN 62. A company's marketing department collects, modifies, and stores sensitive customer data. The infrastructure team is responsible for securing the data while in transit and at rest. Which of the following data roles describes the customer? A. Processor B. Custodian C. Subject D. Owner 63. An engineer moved to another team and is unable to access the new team's shared folders while still being able to access the shared folders from the former team. After opening a ticket, the engineer discovers that the account was never moved to the new group. Which of the following access controls is most likely causing the lack of access? A. Role-based B. Discretionary C. Time of day D. Least privilege 64. A business received a small grant to migrate its infrastructure to an off-premises solution. Which of the following should be considered first? A. Security of cloud providers B. Cost of implementation C. Ability of engineers D. Security of architecture 65. A company is working with a vendor to perform a penetration test. Which of the following includes an estimate about the number of hours required to complete the engagement? A. SOW B. BPA C. SLA D. NDA 66. A company's end users are reporting that they are unable to reach external websites. After reviewing the performance data for the DNS severs, the analyst discovers that the CPU, disk, and memory usage are minimal, but the network interface is flooded with inbound traffic. Network logs show only a small number of DNS queries sent to this server. Which of the following best describes what the security analyst is seeing? A. Concurrent session usage B. Secure DNS Cryptographic downgrade C. On-path resource consumption D. Reflected denial of service 67. A security engineer needs to configure an NGFW to minimize the impact of the increasing number of various traffic types during attacks. Which of the following types of rules is the engineer the most likely to configure? A. Signature-based B. Behavioral-based C. URL-based D. Agent-based 68. Which of the following security concepts is being followed when implementing a product that offers protection against DDoS attacks? A. Availability B. Non-repudiation C. Integrity D. Confidentiality 69. Which of the following is the most likely to be used to document risks, responsible parties, and thresholds? A. Risk tolerance B. Risk transfer C. Risk register D. Risk analysis 70. An analyst is evaluating the implementation of Zero Trust principles within the data plane. Which of the following would be most relevant for the analyst to evaluate? A. Secure zones B. Subject role C. Adaptive identity D. Threat scope reduction 71. A security analyst and the management team are reviewing the organizational performance of a recent phishing campaign. The user click-through rate exceeded the acceptable risk threshold, and the management team wants to reduce the impact when a user clicks on a link in a phishing message. Which of the following should the analyst do? A. Place posters around the office to raise awareness of common phishing activities. B. Implement email security filters to prevent phishing emails from being delivered. C. Update the EDR policies to block automatic execution of downloaded programs. D. Create additional training for users to recognize the signs of phishing attempts. 72. Which of the following tools can assist with detecting an employee who has accidentally emailed a file containing a customer’s PII? A. SCAP B. Net Flow C. Antivirus D. DLP 73. An administrator needs to perform server hardening before deployment. Which of the following steps should the administrator take? (Select two). A. Disable default accounts B. Add the server to the asset inventory C. Remove unnecessary services D. Document default passwords E. Send server logs to SIEM F. Join the server to the corporate domain 74. Which of the following penetration testing teams is focused only on trying to compromise an organization using an attacker's tactics? A. White B. Red C. Purple D. Blue 75. A security administrator needs a method to secure data in an environment that includes some form of checks so that the administrator can track any changes. Which of the following should the administrator set up to achieve this goal? A. SPF B. GPO C. NAC D. FIM 76. Which of the following risk management strategies should an enterprise adopt first if a legacy application is critical to business operations and there are preventative controls that are not yet implemented? A. Mitigate B. Accept C. Transfer D. Avoid 77. A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) wants to explicitly raise awareness about the increase of ransomware-as-a-service in a report to the management team. Which of the following best describes the threat actor in the CISO's report? A. Insider threat B. Hacktivist C. Nation-state D. Organized crime 78. A company is decommissioning its physical servers and replacing them with an architecture that will reduce the number of individual operating systems. Which of the following strategies should the company use to achieve this security requirement? A. Microservices B. Containerization C. Virtualization D. Infrastructure as a code 79. An organization’s internet-facing website was compromised when an attacker exploited a buffer overflow. Which of the following should the organization deploy to best protect against similar attacks in the future? A. NGFW B. WAF C. TLS D. SD-WAN 80. Which of the following would most likely mitigate the impact of an extended power outage on a company's environment? A. Hot-site B. UPS C. Snapshots D. SOAR 81. Which of the following vulnerabilities is exploited when an attacker overwrites a register with a malicious address? A. VM escape B. SQL injection C. Buffer overflow D. Race condition 82. Users at a company are reporting they are unable to access the URL for a new retail website because it is flagged as gambling and is being blocked. Which of the following changes would allow users to access the site? A. Creating a firewall rule to allow HTTPS traffic B. Configuring the IPS to allow shopping C. Tuning the DLP rule that detects credit card data D. Updating the categorization in the content filter 83. Which of the following is the best way to secure an on-site data center against intrusion from an insider? A. Bollards B. Access badge C. Motion sensor D. Video surveillance 84. One of a company's vendors sent an analyst a security bulletin that recommends a BIOS update. Which of the following vulnerability types is being addressed by the patch? A. Virtualization B. Firmware  C. Application D. Operating system 85. A security manager created new documentation to use in response to various types of security incidents. Which of the following is the next step the manager should take? A. Set the maximum data retention policy B. Securely store the documents on an air-gapped network C. Review the documents’ data classification policy D. Conduct a tabletop exercise with the team 86. An organization would like to calculate the time needed to resolve a hardware issue with a server. Which of the following risk management processes describes this example? A. Recovery point objective B. Mean time between failures C. Recovery time objective D. Mean time to repair 87. Which of the following can best protect against an employee inadvertently installing malware on a company system? A. Host-based firewall B. System isolation C. Least privilege D. Application allow list 88. During a recent breach, employee credentials were compromised when a service desk employee issued an MFA bypass code to an attacker who called and posed as an employee. Which of the following should be used to prevent this type of incident in the future? A. Hardware token B. Biometrics C. Identity proofing D. Least privilege  89. During the onboarding process, an employee needs to create a password for an intranet account. The password must include ten characters, numbers, and letters, and two special characters. Once the password is created, the company will grant the employee access to other company-owned websites based on the intranet profile. Which of the following access management concepts is the company most likely using to safeguard intranet accounts and grant access to multiple sites based on a user's intranet account? (Select two). A. Federation B. Identity proofing C. Password complexity D. Default password changes E. Password manager F. Open authentication 90. A data administrator is configuring authentication for a SaaS application and would like to reduce the number of credentials employees need to maintain. The company prefers to use domain credentials to access new SaaS applications. Which of the following methods would allow this functionality? A. SSO B. LEAP C. MFA D. PEAP DUMP 3 91. Which of the following is a primary security concern for a company setting up a BYOD program? A. End of life B. Buffer overflow C. VM escape D. Jailbreaking 92. Which of the following vulnerabilities is associated with installing software outside of a manufacturer’s approved software repository? A. Jailbreaking B. Memory injection C. Resource reuse D. Side loading  93. During a security incident, the security operations team identified sustained network traffic from a malicious IP address: 10.1.4.9. A security analyst is creating an inbound firewall rule to block the IP address from accessing the organization’s network. Which of the following fulfills this request? A. Access-list inbound deny ig source 0.0.0.0/0 destination 10.1.4.9/32 B. Access-list inbound deny ig source 10.1.4.9/32 destination 0.0.0.0/0 C. Access-list inbound permit ig source 10.1.4.9/32 destination 0.0.0.0/0 D. Access-list inbound permit ig source 0.0.0.0/0 destination 10.1.4.9/32 94. An employee receives a text message that appears to have been sent by the payroll department and is asking for credential verification. Which of the following social engineering techniques are being attempted? (Choose two.) A. Typosquatting B. Phishing C. Impersonation D. Vishing E. Smishing F. Misinformation 95. A company has begun labeling all laptops with asset inventory stickers and associating them with employee IDs. Which of the following security benefits do these actions provide? (Choose two.) A. If a security incident occurs on the device, the correct employee can be notified. B. The security team will be able to send user awareness training to the appropriate device. C. Users can be mapped to their devices when configuring software MFA tokens. D. User-based firewall policies can be correctly targeted to the appropriate laptops. E. When conducting penetration testing, the security team will be able to target the desired laptops. F. Company data can be accounted for when the employee leaves the organization. 96. Which of the following should a systems administrator use to ensure an easy deployment of resources within the cloud provider? A. Software as a service B. Infrastructure as code C. Internet of things D. Software-defined networking  97. Which of the following exercises should an organization use to improve its incident response process? A. Tabletop B. Replication C. Failover D. Recovery 98. After a recent vulnerability scan, a security engineer needs to harden the routers within the corporate network. Which of the following is the most appropriate to disable? A. Console access B. Routing protocols C. VLANs D. Web-based administration 99. Which of the following scenarios describes a possible business email compromise attack? A. An employee receives a gift card request in an email that has an executive's name in the display field of the email. B. Employees who open an email attachment receive messages demanding payment in order to access files. C. A service desk employee receives an email from the HR director asking for log-in credentials to a cloud administrator account. D. An employee receives an email with a link to a phishing site that is designed to look like the company's email portal. 100. A Chief Information Security Officer wants to monitor the company's servers for SQLi attacks and allow for comprehensive investigations if an attack occurs. The company uses SSL decryption to allow traffic monitoring. Which of the following strategies would best accomplish this goal? A. Logging all NetFlow traffic into a SIEM B. Deploying network traffic sensors on the same subnet as the servers C. Logging endpoint and OS specific security logs D. Enabling full packet capture for traffic entering and exiting the servers  101. A company is developing a critical system for the government and storing project information on a fileshare. Which of the following describes how this data will most likely be classified? (Select two). A. Private B. Confidential C. Public D. Operational E. Urgent F. Restricted 102. An organization disabled unneeded services and placed a firewall in front of a business-critical legacy system. Which of the following best describes the actions taken by the organization? A. Exception B. Segmentation C. Risk transfer D. Compensating controls 103. Which of the following is the best reason to complete an audit in a banking environment? A. Regulatory requirement B. Organizational change C. Self-assessment requirement D. Service-level requirement 104. A security engineer is implementing FDE for all laptops in an organization. Which of the following are the most important for the engineer to consider as part of the planning process? (Select two). A. Key escrow B. TPM presence C. Digital signatures D. Data tokenization E. Public key management F. Certificate authority linking  105. Which of the following should a security administrator adhere to when setting up a new set of firewall rules? A. Disaster recovery plan B. Incident response procedure C. Business continuity plan D. Change management procedure 106. A newly appointed board member with cybersecurity knowledge wants the board of directors to receive a quarterly report detailing the number of incidents that impacted the organization. The systems administrator is creating a way to present the data to the board of directors. Which of the following should the systems administrator use? A. Packet captures B. Vulnerability Scans C. Metadata D. Dashboard 107. A security analyst is reviewing the following logs: 108. Which of the following attacks is most likely occurring? A. Password Spraying B. Account forgery C. Pass-t he-hash D. Brute-force 109. Security controls in a data center are being reviewed to ensure data is properly protected and that human life considerations are included. Which of the following best describes how the controls should be set up? A. Remote access points should be closed B. Logging controls should fail open C. Safety controls should fail open D. Logical security controls should fail close  110. Which of the following is a hardware-specific vulnerability? A. Firmware version B. Buffer overflow C. SQL injection D. Cross-site scripting 111. Which of the following describes effective change management procedures? A. Approving the change after a successful deployment B. Having a backout plan when a patch fails C. Using a spreadsheet for tracking changes D. Using an automatic change control bypass for security updates 112. A manager receives an email that contains a link to receive a refund. After hovering over the link, the manager notices that the domain's URL points to a suspicious link. Which of the following security practices helped the manager to identify the attack? A. End user training B. Policy Review C. URL scanning D. Plain text email 113. Which of the following is most likely to be deployed to obtain and analyze attacker activity and techniques? A. Firewall B. IDS C. Honeypot D. Layer 3 Switch 114. Which of the following enables the use of an input field to run commands that can view or manipulate data? A. Cross-site scripting B. Side loading C. Buffer overflow D. SQL injection  115. Which of the following best practices gives administrators a set period to perform changes to an operational system to ensure availability and minimize business impacts? A. Impact analysis B. Scheduled downtime C. Backout plan D. Change management boards 116. A security administrator identifies an application that is storing data using MD5. Which of the following best identifies the vulnerability likely present in the application? A. Cryptographic B. Malicious update C. Zero day D. Side loading 117. An organization is required to maintain financial data records for three years and customer data for five years. Which of the following data management policies should the organization implement? A. Retention B. Destruction C. Inventory D. Certification 118. Which of the following teams combines both offensive and defensive testing techniques to protect an organization's critical systems? A. Red B. Blue C. Purple D. Yelow  119. Which of the following factors are the most important to address when formulating a training curriculum plan for a security awareness program? (Select two). A. Channels by which the organization will communicate B. The reporting mechanisms for ethics violations C. Threat vectors based on the industry in which the organization operates D. Secure software development training for all personnel E. Cadence and duration of training events F. Retraining requirements for individuals who fail phishing simulations 120. Which of the following is classified as high availability in a cloud environment? A. Access broker B. Cloud HSM C. WAF D. Load balancer 121. A security operations center determines that the malicious activity detected on a server is normal. Which of the following activities describes the act of ignoring detected activity in the future? A. Tuning B. Aggregating C. Quarantining D. Archiving 122. After a recent ransomware attack on a company's system, an administrator reviewed the log files. Which of the following control types did the administrator use? A. Compensating B. Detective C. Preventive D. Corrective  123. A security analyst is investigating an application server and discovers that software on the server is behaving abnormally. The software normally runs batch jobs locally and does not generate traffic, but the process is now generating outbound traffic over random high ports. Which of the following vulnerabilities has likely been exploited in this software? A. Memory injection B. Race condition C. Side loading D. SQL injection 124. A company is developing a business continuity strategy and needs to determine how many staff members would be required to sustain the business in the case of a disruption. Which of the following best describes this step? A. Capacity planning B. Redundancy C. Geographic dispersion D. Tablet exercise 125. Which of the following is the most likely to be included as an element of communication in a security awareness program? A. Reporting phishing attempts or other suspicious activities B. Detecting insider threats using anomalous behavior recognition C. Verifying information when modifying wire transfer data D. Performing social engineering as part of third-party penetration testing 126. Which of the following best describes configuring devices to log to an off-site location for possible future reference? A. Log aggregation B. DLP C. Archiving D. SCAP 127. A systems administrator works for a local hospital and needs to ensure patient data is protected and secure. Which of the following data classifications should be used to secure patient data? A. Private B. Critical C. Sensitive D. Public  128. An administrator was notified that a user logged in remotely after hours and copied large amounts of data to a personal device. Which of the following best describes the user’s activity? A. Penetration testing B. Phishing campaign C. External audit D. Insider threat 129. Visitors to a secured facility are required to check in with a photo ID and enter the facility through an access control vestibule Which of the following but describes this form of security control? A. Physical B. Managerial C. Technical D. Operational 130. A security analyst is reviewing alerts in the SIEM related to potential malicious network traffic coming from an employee’s corporate laptop. The security analyst has determined that additional data about the executable running on the machine is necessary to continue the investigation. Which of the following logs should the analyst use as a data source? A. Application B. IPS/IDS C. Network D. Endpoint 131. A company wants to verify that the software the company is deploying came from the vendor the company purchased the software from. Which of the following is the best way for the company to confirm this information? A. Validate the code signature. B. Execute the code in a sandbox. C. Search the executable for ASCII strings. D. Generate a hash of the files.  132. After reviewing the following vulnerability scanning report: Server:192.168.14.6 Service: Telnet Port: 23 Protocol: TCP Status: Open Severity: High Vulnerability: Use of an insecure network protocol A security analyst performs the following test: nmap -p 23 192.168.14.6 —script telnet-encryption PORT STATE SERVICE REASON 23/tcp open telnet syn-ack I telnet encryption: | _ Telnet server supports encryption Which of the following would the security analyst conclude for this reported vulnerability? A. It is a false positive B. A rescan is required C. It is considered noise D. Compensating control exists 133. A systems administrator wants to prevent users from being able to access data based on their responsibilities. The administrator also wants to apply the required access structure via a simplified format. Which of the following should the administrator apply to the site recovery resource group? A. RBAC B. ACL C. SAML D. GPO 134. Which of the following has been implemented when a host-based firewall on a legacy Linux system allows connections from only specific internal IP addresses? A. Compensating control B. Network segmentation C. Transfer of risk D. SNMP traps  135. A systems administrator is creating a script that would save time and prevent human error when performing account creation for a large number of end users. Which of the following would be a good use case for this task? A. Off-the-shelf software B. Orchestration C. Baseline D. Policy enforcement DUMP 4 136. Which of the following practices would be best to prevent an insider from introducing malicious code into a company's development process? A. Code scanning for vulnerabilities B. Open-source component usage C. Quality assurance testing D. Peer review and approval 137. A healthcare organization wants to provide a web application that allows individuals to digitally report health emergencies. Which of the following is the most important consideration during development? A. Scalability B. Availability C. Cost D. Ease of deployment 138. Which of the following is used to validate a certificate when it is presented to a user? A. OCSP B. CSR C. CA D. CRC 139. A company tested and validated the effectiveness of network security appliances within the corporate network. The IDS detected a high rate of SQL injection attacks against the company's servers, and the company's perimeter firewall is at capacity. Which of the following would be the best action to maintain security and reduce the traffic to the perimeter firewall? A. Set the appliance to IPS mode and place it in front of the company firewall. B. Convert the firewall to a WAF and use IPSec tunnels to increase throughput. C. Set the firewall to fail open if it is overloaded with traffic and send alerts to the SIEM. D. Configure the firewall to perform deep packet inspection and monitor TLS traffic. 140. Which of the following most impacts an administrator's ability to address CVEs discovered on a server? A. Rescanning requirements B. Patch availability C. Organizational impact D. Risk tolerance 141. An employee receives a text message from an unknown number claiming to be the company's Chief Executive Officer and asking the employee to purchase several gift cards. Which of the following types of attacks does this describe? A. Vishing B. Smishing C. Pretexting D. Phishing 142. Which of the following security control types does an acceptable use policy best represent? A. Detective B. Compensating C. Corrective D. Preventive 143. Which of the following must be considered when designing a high-availability network? (Choose two). A. Ease of recovery B. Ability to patch C. Physical isolation D. Responsiveness E. Attack surface F. Extensible authentication 144. An organization recently updated its security policy to include the following statement: Regular expressions are included in source code to remove special characters such as $, |, ;. &, `, and ? from variables set by forms in a web application. Which of the following best explains the security technique the organization adopted by making this addition to the policy? A. Identify embedded keys B. Code debugging C. Input validation D. Static code analysis 145. Which of the following would be most useful in determining whether the long-term cost to transfer a risk is less than the impact of the risk? A. ARO B. RTO C. RPO D. ALE E. SLE 146. A security administrator is configuring fileshares. The administrator removed the default permissions and added permissions for only users who will need to access the fileshares as part of their job duties. Which of the following best describes why the administrator performed these actions? A. Encryption standard compliance B. Data replication requirements C. Least privilege D. Access control monitoring 147. An administrator finds that all user workstations and servers are displaying a message that is associated with files containing an extension of.ryk. Which of the following types of infections is present on the systems? A. Virus B. Trojan C. Spyware D. Ransomware 148. An organization would like to store customer data on a separate part of the network that is not accessible to users on the main corporate network. Which of the following should the administrator use to accomplish this goal? A. Segmentation B. Isolation C. Patching D. Encryption 149. A company purchased cyber insurance to address items listed on the risk register. Which of the following strategies does this represent? A. Accept B. Transfer C. Mitigate D. Avoid 150. A security analyst receives alerts about an internal system sending a large amount of unusual DNS queries to systems on the internet over short periods of time during non- business hours. Which of the following is most likely occurring? A. A worm is propagating across the network. B. Data is being exfiltrated. C. A logic bomb is deleting data. D. Ransomware is encrypting files. 151. A security administrator would like to protect data on employees’ laptops. Which of the following encryption techniques should the security administrator use? A. Partition B. Asymmetric C. Full disk D. Database 152. A technician needs to apply a high-priority patch to a production system. Which of the following steps should be taken first? A. Air gap the system. B. Move the system to a different network segment. C. Create a change control request. D. Apply the patch to the system. 153. After conducting a vulnerability scan, a systems administrator notices that one of the identified vulnerabilities is not present on the systems that were scanned. Which of the following describes this example? A. False positive B. False negative C. True positive D. True negative 154. Which of the following is themostlikely outcome if a large bank fails an internal PCI DSS compliance assessment? A. Fines B. Audit findings C. Sanctions D. Reputation damage 155. Which of the following would be used to detect an employee who is emailing a customer list to a personal account before leaving the company? A. DLP B. FIM C. IDS D. EDR 156. A company’s web filter is configured to scan the URL for strings and deny access when matches are found. Which of the following search strings should an analyst employ to prohibit access to non-encrypted websites? A. Encryption=off\ B. http:// C. http:// www.*.com D. :443 157. Which of the following incident response activities ensures evidence is properly handled? A. E-discovery B. Chain of custody C. Legal hold D. Preservation 158. A client asked a security company to provide a document outlining the project, the cost, and the completion time frame. Which of the following documents should the company provide to the client? A. MSA B. SLA C. BPA D. SOW 159. A penetration tester begins an engagement by performing port and service scans against the client environment according to the rules of engagement. Which of the following reconnaissance types is the tester performing? A. Active B. Passive C. Defensive D. Offensive 160. A company is concerned about weather events causing damage to the server room and downtime. Which of the following should the company consider? A. Clustering servers B. Geographic dispersion C. Load balancers D. Off-site backups 161. Several employees received a fraudulent text message from someone claiming to be the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The message stated: “I’m in an airport right now with no access to email. I need you to buy gift cards for employee recognition awards. Please send the gift cards to following email address.” Which of the following are the best responses to this situation? (Choose two). A. Cancel current employee recognition gift cards. B. Add a smishing exercise to the annual company training. C. Issue a general email warning to the company. D. Have the CEO change phone numbers. E. Conduct a forensic investigation on the CEO's phone. F. Implement mobile device management. 162. An administrator assists the legal and compliance team with ensuring information about customer transactions is archived for the proper time period. Which of the following data policies is the administrator carrying out? A. Compromise B. Retention C. Analysis D. Transfer E. Inventory 163. Which of the following security controls is most likely being used when a critical legacy server is segmented into a private network? A. Deterrent B. Corrective C. Compensating D. Preventive 164. A company needs to provide administrative access to internal resources while minimizing the traffic allowed through the security boundary. Which of the following methods is most secure? A. Implementing a bastion host B. Deploying a perimeter network C. Installing a WAF D. Utilizing single sign-on 165. Which of the following methods to secure credit card data is best to use when a requirement is to see only the last four numbers on a credit card? A. Encryption B. Hashing C. Masking D. Tokenization 166. An organization is leveraging a VPN between its headquarters and a branch location. Which of the following is the VPN protecting? A. Data in use B. Data in transit C. Geographic restrictions D. Data sovereignty 167. Which of the following involves an attempt to take advantage of database misconfigurations? A. Buffer overflow B. SQL injection C. VM escape D. Memory injection 168. Which of the following is required for an organization to properly manage its restore process in the event of system failure? A. IRP B. DRP C. RPO D. SDLC 169. Which of the following would be the best way to handle a critical business application that is running on a legacy server? A. Segmentation B. Isolation C. Hardening D. Decommissioning 170. The management team notices that new accounts that are set up manually do not always have correct access or permissions. Which of the following automation techniques should a systems administrator use to streamline account creation? A. Guard rail script B. Ticketing workflow C. Escalation script D. User provisioning script 171. A company must ensure sensitive data at rest is rendered unreadable. Which of the following will the company most likely use? A. Hashing B. Tokenization C. Encryption D. Segmentation 172. A security team is reviewing the findings in a report that was delivered after a third party performed a penetration test. One of the findings indicated that a web application form field is vulnerable to cross-site scripting. Which of the following application security techniques should the security analyst recommend the developer implement to prevent this vulnerability? A. Secure cookies B. Version control C. Input validation D. Code signing 173. The department is not using the company VPN when accessing various company- related services and systems. Which of the following scenarios describes this activity? A. Espionage B. Data exfiltration C. Nation-state attack D. Shadow IT 174. An organization maintains intellectual property that it wants to protect. Which of the following concepts would be most beneficial to add to the company's security awareness training program? A. Insider threat detection B. Simulated threats C. Phishing awareness D. Business continuity planning 175. Which of the following describes the reason root cause analysis should be conducted as part of incident response? A. To gather loCs for the investigation B. To discover which systems have been affected C. To eradicate any trace of malware on the network D. To prevent future incidents of the same nature 176. Which of the following tasks is typically included in the BIA process? A. Estimating the recovery time of systems B. Identifying the communication strategy C. Evaluating the risk management plan D. Establishing the backup and recovery procedures E. Developing the incident response plan 177. During an investigation, an incident response team attempts to understand the source of an incident. Which of the following incident response activities describes this process? A. Analysis B. Lessons learned C. Detection D. Containment  178. Which of the following is used to protect a computer from viruses, malware, and Trojans being installed and moving laterally across the network? A. IDS B. ACL C. EDR D. NAC 179. A company is discarding a classified storage array and hires an outside vendor to complete the disposal. Which of the following should the company request from the vendor? A. Certification B. Inventory list C. Classification D. Proof of ownership DUMP 5 180. Which of the following allows for the attribution of messages to individuals? A. Adaptive identity B. Non-repudiation C. Authentication D. Access logs 181. A company would like to provide employees with computers that do not have access to the internet in order to prevent information from being leaked to an online forum. Which of the following would be best for the systems administrator to implement? A. Air gap B. Jump server C. Logical segmentation D. Virtualization 182. A company is adding a clause to its AUP that states employees are not allowed to modify the operating system on mobile devices. Which of the following vulnerabilities is the organization addressing? A. Cross-site scripting B. Buffer overflow C. Jailbreaking D. Side loading 183. The marketing department set up its own project management software without telling the appropriate departments. Which of the following describes this scenario? A. Shadow IT 184. Which of the following would be the best way to block unknown programs from executing? A. Application allow list 185. An organization wants to ensure the integrity of compiled binaries in the production environment. Which of the following security measures would best support this objective? A. Code signing 186. A network manager wants to protect the company's VPN by implementing multifactor authentication that uses: Something you know Something you have Something you are Which of the following would accomplish the manager's goal? A. Password, authentication token, thumbprint 187. A software development manager wants to ensure the authenticity of the code created by the company. Which of the following options is the most appropriate? A. Performing code signing on company-developed software 188. A security analyst locates a potentially malicious video file on a server and needs to identify both the creation date and the file's creator. Which of the following actions would most likely give the security analyst the information required? A. Query the file’s metadata 189. After a company was compromised, customers initiated a lawsuit. The company's attorneys have requested that the security team initiate a legal hold in response to the lawsuit. Which of the following describes the action the security team will most likely be required to take? A. Retain any communications related to the security breach until further notice. 190. Which of the following must be considered when designing a high-availability network? (Select two). A. Ease of recovery B. Responsiveness 191. A technician wants to improve the situational and environmental awareness of existing users as they transition from remote to in-office work. Which of the following is the best option? A. Modify the content of recurring training. 192. After an audit, an administrator discovers all users have access to confidential data on a file server. Which of the following should the administrator use to restrict access to the data quickly? A. Access control lists 193. A network administrator is working on a project to deploy a load balancer in the company's cloud environment. Which of the following fundamental security requirements does this project fulfill? A. Availability 194. A systems administrator set up a perimeter firewall but continues to notice suspicious connections between internal endpoints. Which of the following should be set up in order to mitigate the threat posed by the suspicious activity? A. Host-based firewall 195. An organization is building a new backup data center with cost-benefit as the primary requirement and RTO and RPO values around two days. Which of the following types of sites is the best for this scenario? A. Cold 196. A systems administrator is working on a defense-in-depth strategy and needs to restrict activity from employees after hours. Which of the following should the systems administrator implement? A. Time-of-day restrictions 197. After a security incident, a systems administrator asks the company to buy a NAC platform. Which of the following attack surfaces is the systems administrator trying to protect? A. Wired 198. An administrator is reviewing a single server's security logs and discovers the following; Which of the following best describes the action captured in this log file? A. Brute-force attack 199. A company hired a security manager from outside the organization to lead security operations. Which of the following actions should the security manager perform first in this new role? A. Review security policies. 200. A company most likely is developing a critical system for the government and storing project information on a fileshare. Which of the following describes how this data will be classified? (Select two). A. Confidential B. Restricted 201. Which of the following can be used to identify potential attacker activities without affecting production servers? A. Honey pot 202. Which of the following risks can be mitigated by HTTP headers? A. XSS 203. Which of the following are cases in which an engineer should recommend the decommissioning of a network device? (Select two). A. The device's encryption level cannot meet organizational standards. B. The device is unable to receive authorized updates. 204. A hacker gained access to a system via a phishing attempt that was a direct result of a user clicking a suspicious link. The link laterally deployed ransomware, which laid dormant for multiple weeks, across the network. Which of the following would have mitigated the spread? A. IPS 205. Which of the following automation use cases would best enhance the security posture of an organization by rapidly updating permissions when employees leave a company? A. Disabling access 206. Which of the following provides the details about the terms of a test with a third- party penetration tester? A. Rules of engagement 207. A systems administrator is changing the password policy within an enterprise environment and wants this update implemented on all systems as quickly as possible. Which of the following operating system security measures will the administrator most likely use? A. Pushing GPO update 208. A company decided to reduce the cost of its annual cyber insurance policy by removing the coverage for ransomware attacks. Which of the following analysis elements did the company most likely use in making this decision? A. ARO 209. After performing an assessment, an analyst wants to provide a risk rating for the findings. Which of the following concepts should most likely be considered when calculating the ratings? A. Impact and likelihood 210. A company requires hard drives to be securely wiped before sending decommissioned systems to recycling. Which of the following best describes this policy? A. Sanitization 211. An enterprise is trying to limit outbound DNS traffic originating from its internal network. Outbound DNS requests will only be allowed from one device with the IP address 10.50.10.25. Which of the following firewall ACLs will accomplish this goal? A. Access list outbound permit 10.50.10.25 32 0.0.0.0/0 port 53 Access list outbound deny 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0/0 port 53 212. A bank insists all of its vendors must prevent data loss on stolen laptops. Which of the following strategies is the bank requiring? A. Encryption at rest 213. An employee clicked a link in an email from a payment website that asked the employee to update contact information. The employee entered the log-in information but received a “page not found” error message. Which of the following types of social engineering attacks occurred? A. Phishing 214. Which of the following actions could a security engineer take to ensure workstations and servers are properly monitored for unauthorized changes and software? A. Install endpoint management software on all systems. 215. A security analyst is reviewing the source code of an application in order to identify misconfigurations and vulnerabilities. Which of the following kinds of analysis best describes this review? A. Static 216. In order to strengthen a password and prevent a hacker from cracking it, a random string of 36 characters was added to the password. Which of the following best describes this technique? A. Salting 217. A company’s legal department drafted sensitive documents in a SaaS application and wants to ensure the documents cannot be accessed by individuals in high-risk countries. Which of the following is the most effective way to limit this access? A. Geolocation policy 218. Which of the following is used to quantitatively measure the criticality of a vulnerability? A. CVSS  219. An administrator notices that several users are logging in from suspicious IP addresses. After speaking with the users, the administrator determines that the employees were not logging in from those IP addresses and resets the affected users’ passwords. Which of the following should the administrator implement to prevent this type of attack from succeeding in the future? A. Multifactor authentication 220. Which of the following roles, according to the shared responsibility model, is responsible for securing the company’s database in an IaaS model for a cloud environment? A. Client Extra Questions 1. A technician is deploying a new security camera. Which of the following should the technician do? A. Conduct a site survey 2. A company is experiencing a web services outage on the public network. The services are up and available but inaccessible. The network logs show a sudden increase in network traffic that is causing the outage. Which of the following attacks is the organization experiencing? A. DDoS 3. Which of the following threat actors is most likely to be motivated by profit? A. Organized crime 4. An organization experiences a cybersecurity incident involving a command-and-control server. Which of the following logs should be analyzed to identify the impacted host? (Choose two.) A. DHCP B. Firewall 5. During a penetration test, a vendor attempts to enter an unauthorized area using an access badge. Which of the following types of tests does this represent? A. Physical 6. A systems administrator uses a key to encrypt a message being sent to a peer in a different branch office. The peer then uses the same key to decrypt the message. Which of the following describes this example? A. Symmetric 7. A visitor plugs a laptop into a network jack in the lobby and is able to connect to the company's network. Which of the following should be configured on the existing network infrastructure to best prevent this activity? A. Port security 8. A security administrator is reissuing a former employee's laptop. Which of the following is the best combination of data handling activities for the administrator to perform? (Choose two.) A. Destruction B. Sanitization 9. A company is redesigning its infrastructure and wants to reduce the number of physical servers in use Which of the following architectures is best suited for this goal? A. Virtualization 10. A bank set up a new server that contains customers' PII. Which of the following should the bank use to make sure the sensitive data is not modified? A. File integrity monitoring 11. An enterprise is working with a third party and needs to allow access between the internal networks of both parties for a secure file migration The solution needs to ensure encryption is applied to all traffic that is traversing the networks. Which of the following solutions should most likely be implemented? A. IPSec 12. An administrator has identified and fingerprinted specific files that will generate an alert if an attempt is made to email these files outside of the organization. Which of the following best describes the tool the administrator is using? A. DLP 13. An organization wants to limit potential impact to its log-in database in the event of a breach. Which of the following options is the security team most likely to recommend? A. Hashing 14. A. DDoS 15. A company is required to perform a risk assessment on an annual basis. Which of the following types of risk assessments does this requirement describe? A. Recurring 16. Which of the following best ensures minimal downtime and data loss for organizations with critical computing equipment located in earthquake-prone areas? A. Off-site replication 17. A legacy device is being decommissioned and is no longer receiving updates or patches. Which of the following describes this scenario? A. End of life 18. An organization is having difficulty correlating events from its individual AV. EDR. DLP. SWG. WAF, MDM. HIPS, and CASB systems. Which of the following is the best way to improve the situation? A. Utilize a SIEM to centralize logs and dashboards. 19. A security analyst receives a SIEM alert that someone logged into the app admin test account, which is only used for the early detection of attacks. The security analyst then reviews the following application log: A. An injection attack is being conducted against a user authentication system. 20. A company currently uses passwords for logging in to company-owned devices and wants to add a second authentication factor Per corporate policy, users are not allowed to have smartphones at their desks Which of the following would meet these requirements? A. Smart card 21. A security modern may have occurred on the desktop PC of an organization's Chief Executive Officer (CEO). A duplicate copy of the CEO's hard drive must be stored securely to ensure appropriate forensic processes and the chain of custody are followed. Which of the following should be performed to accomplish this task? A. Connect a write blocker to the hard drive. Then leveraging a forensic workstation, utilize the dd command in a live Linux environment to create a duplicate copy. 22. Which of the following would be BEST to establish between organizations to define the responsibilities of each party, outline the key deliverables, and include monetary penalties for breaches to manage third-party risk? A. A SLA 23. A company is working with a vendor to perform a penetration test. Which of the following documents includes an estimate about the number of hours required to complete the engagement? A. SOW 24. A company is implementing multifactor authentication for their VPN access. Which of the following would be considered the BEST 'something you have' factor? A. A security token generating one-time codes. 25. Which international framework should a multi-national corporation adopt to ensure compliance with global data protection and privacy standards? A. General data protection regulation 26. A financial firm is migrating some of its services to a third-party cloud platform. When reviewing the terms of the migration, it must be clear who is responsible for the protection of physical servers and network infrastructure. According to the typical shared responsibility model for cloud security, who is accountable for this aspect? A. The cloud service provider 27. Which part of the AAA security framework specifies the permissions and activities that a user is allowed to perform on the network?" A. Authorization 28. What type of NIDS commonly uses artificial intelligence and data mining to identify malicious network traffic? A. Anomaly-based NIDS 29. Which of the following ensures that an individual or entity cannot deny having performed a particular action related to data? A. Digital signatures 30. A company's security policy mandates that access to its internal database servers must be denied from all external IP addresses except from its own VPN network, which uses the IP range of 10.200.0.0/16. As a security administrator, which of the following firewall rules should you apply to BEST comply with this security policy requirement? A. Deny from all, Allow from 10.200.0.0/16 31. A company wants to ensure that the data it transmits over the internet is protected from eavesdropping. Which of the following should it implement? A. Transport Layer Security (TLS) 32. An attacker has gained access to a network and is attempting to evade detection by blending in with normal network traffic. Which of the following BEST describes this type of attack? A. Covert channel 33. A security analyst is conducting a penetration test and has gained access to a system. The analyst now wants to escalate their privileges to gain more control over the system. What technique should the analyst use? A. Privilege escalation 34. A corporate security team would like to consolidate and protect the private keys across all of their web servers. Which of these would be the BEST way to securely store these keys? A. Integrate an HSM 35. An organization maintains a large database of customer information for sales tracking and customer support. Which person in the organization would be responsible for managing the access rights to this data? A. Data owner 36. Joanna is reviewing her account information on an e-commerce website and sees her credit card number displayed as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-1234. What type of data obfuscation is in use? A. Data masking