Comfort and Convenience Technology PDF

## 20. Comfort and Convenience Technology ### 20.4.3 Parking Assistance System - They indicate to the driver the distance to an obstacle during parking and reversing and give an optical and acoustic warning. - **Design**: - At the front and rear of the vehicle are ultrasonic sensors. - They...

## 20. Comfort and Convenience Technology ### 20.4.3 Parking Assistance System - They indicate to the driver the distance to an obstacle during parking and reversing and give an optical and acoustic warning. - **Design**: - At the front and rear of the vehicle are ultrasonic sensors. - They are actuated by the control unit and indicate the distance via indicator lamps and warning buzzers. - **Operating principle**: - System operation is based on the echo-sounding concept. - The system periodically activates its entire complement of peripheral transmitters, which respond by transmitting 30 kHz ultrasonic signals. - Thereafter, all sensors change to receiver mode and record the sound waves reflecting off the obstacles. - The system calculates both the distances to obstacles and their locations relative to the vehicle based on the bounce times that elapse between transmission and reception of the echo-sounding signals. - If the distance is too small, the system warns the driver. ### 20.5. Infotainment System #### 20.5.1 Operating and Travel Data Display - In the instrument cluster, the most important information is displayed for the driver. - **Examples of these displays are**: - Road speed - Engine speed - Engine temperature - Oil pressure - Alternator warning lamp - Lighting - Self-diagnosis error message - The instrument cluster is in the central field of vision of the driver. - Using an onboard computer, which evaluates data and sensor signals and communicates them to other control units (e.g. engine, gearbox, ABS), further information can be displayed. - **Examples are**: - Trip data, such as average fuel consumption and cruising range - Inspection and service intervals - Wear limits (e.g. brake pads) - Fluid levels (e.g. fuel and oil) - Bulb function check #### 20.5.2 Navigation Systems - These offer help in finding the right route to the target destination and orientation in unfamiliar areas. - **Navigation systems can take on the following tasks**: - Vehicle positioning - Position-data transfer - Calculation of optimum route based on current traffic conditions - Guidance to destination with route recommendations - **Shown in Fig. 2 are all components and subsystems involved**: - The input signals are processed by the navigation computer - Output is visual on the display and vocal ### 20.4 Driver Assistance Systems #### 20.4.1 Cruise Control System - **It automatically keeps the vehicle at a speed set by the driver.** - **Design**: - Speed sensor - Throttle valve with servo-motor - Controller - Means of entering commands - **Operating principle**: - The driver sets the desired speed by pressing the control lever. - The throttle valve is adjusted to furnish the engine with the corresponding volumetric flow of induction mixture. - If the speed changes, the controller receives a signal to this effect. - It alters the throttle valve angle and thereby the mixture volume using the servo-motor (Fig. 3, Page 71). - The vehicle accelerates or decelerates. - Automatic brake intervention does not occur. - If the brake or clutch pedal is pressed, regulation stops immediately. #### 20.4.2 Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) - **ACC is an automatic speed and distance control system.** - **It works in a speed range from 30 km/h to approx. 200 km/h.** - **It serves to aid the driver in flowing traffic.** - **Design**: - Sensors for radar, yaw rate, lateral acceleration, wheel speed and steering angle - Control unit for detection of own vehicle motion - Object detection and allocation - Adaptive cruise control - Control units for engine, gearbox and ESP with actuators - **Operating principle**: - With the aid of radar sensors, vehicles travelling ahead and their speed are detected up to a distance of approx. 100 m. - ACC differentiates between the two operating modes 'clear driving' and 'following driving' (Fig. 1). - **Clear driving**: If the road ahead is clear, it works as a cruise control system. - **Following driving**: If ACC detects a vehicle in the same lane, it adapts the speed to that of the vehicle travelling directly ahead. - It maintains the distance specified by the driver by automatic actuation of the brakes and automatic acceleration. - ACC lowers the speed of the vehicle by reducing engine torque and, if necessary, brake intervention. - If the brake pedal is pressed, the system switches off automatically. ### 20.2 Antitheft Systems - **Included here are all assemblies that serve to protect the vehicle and vehicle parts from theft and unauthorised use.** - **Examples of these are**: - Central locking system - Vehicle immobiliser - Alarm system #### 20.2.1 Central Locking System - This allows locking, unlocking and securing of all doors, boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door. - This can be initiated from a central locking point, e.g. the driver's door, front passenger's door or the boot lid/tailgate. - Depending on the convenience and safety equipment in the motor vehicle, the central locking system may allow the sunroof or power windows to continue operating for a certain time, such as 60 seconds, even after the key has been withdrawn. - In order that the locks in the doors, the boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door can be locked and unlocked, actuators, or servo-motors, are necessary. - Depending on actuation, a distinction is made between the: - Electric central locking system - Electro-pneumatic central locking system #### 20. 2.2 Vehicle Immobiliser - This is an electronic system that prevents unauthorised persons from bringing the vehicle into operation. - Vehicle immobilisers to supplement the locking system have been legally mandated for vehicles initially registered on or after 1.1.1995. This is stipulated by Paragraph 38a of the German Road Traffic Regulations and EU Directive ECE R18, et al. #### 20.2.3 Alarm System - An alarm system triggers optical and acoustic warning signals in the event of unauthorised intervention or impact. - **This comprises the following components (Fig. 2)**: - **Remote control**: - Control unit with power supply - Contact switch, for example, for doors, bonnet, boot lid/tailgate, luggage or glove compartment - Infrared sensor or ultrasonic transponder for interior monitoring - Position sensor for wheel theft and tow-away protection - Status display - Signal horn - Starting system - **Operating Principle**: - **Detection**: This means detection of the ignition key with access authorisation. To do this, there are antennae on the inside and outside of the vehicle (Fig. 1). - They send a radio signal with identification number and coded identification request to the transponder. - Following verification of identity, the doors, for example, are unlocked. - **Start authorisation**: The key needs to be in the vehicle so that when the start button is pressed, an inductive interrogation via the interior antennae can be initiated. Once positive identification has been verified, the engine will start. As soon as the engine starts, the electric steering column lock releases the steering. The driver has to depress and maintain pressure on the brake or clutch pedal during starting. ### 20.2 Antitheft Systems - Included here are all assemblies that serve to protect the vehicle and vehicle parts from theft and unauthorised use. - Examples of these are - Central locking system - Vehicle immobiliser - Alarm system #### 20.2.1 Central Locking System - This allows locking, unlocking and securing of all doors, boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door. - This can be initiated from a central locking point, e.g. the driver's door, front passenger's door or the boot lid/tailgate. - Depending on the convenience and safety equipment in the motor vehicle, the central locking system may allow the sunroof or power windows to continue operating for a certain time, such as 60 seconds, even after the key has been withdrawn. - In order that the locks in the doors, the boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door can be locked and unlocked, actuators, or servo-motors, are necessary. - Depending on actuation, a distinction is made between the: - Electric central locking system - Electro-pneumatic central locking system #### 20.2.2 Vehicle Immobiliser - This is an electronic system that prevents unauthorised persons from bringing the vehicle into operation. - Vehicle immobilisers to supplement the locking system have been legally mandated for vehicles initially registered on or after 1.1.1995. This is stipulated by Paragraph 38a of the German Road Traffic Regulations and EU Directive ECE R18, et al. #### 20.2.3 Alarm System - An alarm system triggers optical and acoustic warning signals in the event of unauthorised intervention or impact. - **This comprises the following components (Fig. 2)**: - **Remote control**: - Control unit with power supply - Contact switch, for example, for doors, bonnet, boot lid/tailgate, luggage or glove compartment - Infrared sensor or ultrasonic transponder for interior monitoring - Position sensor for wheel theft and tow-away protection - Status display - Signal horn - Starting system - **Operating Principle**: - **Detection**: This means detection of the ignition key with access authorisation. To do this, there are antennae on the inside and outside of the vehicle (Fig. 1). - They send a radio signal with identification number and coded identification request to the transponder. - Following verification of identity, the doors, for example, are unlocked. - **Start authorisation**: The key needs to be in the vehicle so that when the start button is pressed, an inductive interrogation via the interior antennae can be initiated. Once positive identification has been verified, the engine will start. As soon as the engine starts, the electric steering column lock releases the steering. The driver has to depress and maintain pressure on the brake or clutch pedal during starting. ### Immobiliser #### 20.2 Antitheft Systems - Included here are all assemblies that serve to protect the vehicle and vehicle parts from theft and unauthorised use. - Examples of these are - Central locking system - Vehicle immobiliser - Alarm system #### 20.2.1 Central Locking System - This allows locking, unlocking and securing of all doors, boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door. - This can be initiated from a central locking point, e.g. the driver's door, front passenger's door or the boot lid/tailgate. - Depending on the convenience and safety equipment in the motor vehicle, the central locking system may allow the sunroof or power windows to continue operating for a certain time, such as 60 seconds, even after the key has been withdrawn. - In order that the locks in the doors, the boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door can be locked and unlocked, actuators, or servo-motors, are necessary. - Depending on actuation, a distinction is made between the: - Electric central locking system - Electro-pneumatic central locking system #### 20.2.2 Vehicle Immobiliser - This is an electronic system that prevents unauthorised persons from bringing the vehicle into operation. - Vehicle immobilisers to supplement the locking system have been legally mandated for vehicles initially registered on or after 1.1.1995. This is stipulated by Paragraph 38a of the German Road Traffic Regulations and EU Directive ECE R18, et al. #### 20.2.3 Alarm System - An alarm system triggers optical and acoustic warning signals in the event of unauthorised intervention or impact. - **This comprises the following components (Fig. 2)**: - **Remote control**: - Control unit with power supply - Contact switch, for example, for doors, bonnet, boot lid/tailgate, luggage or glove compartment - Infrared sensor or ultrasonic transponder for interior monitoring - Position sensor for wheel theft and tow-away protection - Status display - Signal horn - Starting system - **Operating Principle**: - **Detection**: This means detection of the ignition key with access authorisation. To do this, there are antennae on the inside and outside of the vehicle (Fig. 1). - They send a radio signal with identification number and coded identification request to the transponder. - Following verification of identity, the doors, for example, are unlocked. - **Start authorisation**: The key needs to be in the vehicle so that when the start button is pressed, an inductive interrogation via the interior antennae can be initiated. Once positive identification has been verified, the engine will start. As soon as the engine starts, the electric steering column lock releases the steering. The driver has to depress and maintain pressure on the brake or clutch pedal during starting. ### 20.2 Antitheft Systems - Included here are all assemblies that serve to protect the vehicle and vehicle parts from theft and unauthorised use. - Examples of these are - Central locking system - Vehicle immobiliser - Alarm system #### 20.2.1 Central Locking System - This allows locking, unlocking and securing of all doors, boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door. - This can be initiated from a central locking point, e.g. the driver's door, front passenger's door or the boot lid/tailgate. - Depending on the convenience and safety equipment in the motor vehicle, the central locking system may allow the sunroof or power windows to continue operating for a certain time, such as 60 seconds, even after the key has been withdrawn. - In order that the locks in the doors, the boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door can be locked and unlocked, actuators, or servo-motors, are necessary. - Depending on actuation, a distinction is made between the: - Electric central locking system - Electro-pneumatic central locking system #### 20.2.2 Vehicle Immobiliser - This is an electronic system that prevents unauthorised persons from bringing the vehicle into operation. - Vehicle immobilisers to supplement the locking system have been legally mandated for vehicles initially registered on or after 1.1.1995. This is stipulated by Paragraph 38a of the German Road Traffic Regulations and EU Directive ECE R18, et al. #### 20.2.3 Alarm System - An alarm system triggers optical and acoustic warning signals in the event of unauthorised intervention or impact. - **This comprises the following components (Fig. 2)**: - **Remote control**: - Control unit with power supply - Contact switch, for example, for doors, bonnet, boot lid/tailgate, luggage or glove compartment - Infrared sensor or ultrasonic transponder for interior monitoring - Position sensor for wheel theft and tow-away protection - Status display - Signal horn - Starting system - **Operating Principle**: - **Detection**: This means detection of the ignition key with access authorisation. To do this, there are antennae on the inside and outside of the vehicle (Fig. 1). - They send a radio signal with identification number and coded identification request to the transponder. - Following verification of identity, the doors, for example, are unlocked. - **Start authorisation**: The key needs to be in the vehicle so that when the start button is pressed, an inductive interrogation via the interior antennae can be initiated. Once positive identification has been verified, the engine will start. As soon as the engine starts, the electric steering column lock releases the steering. The driver has to depress and maintain pressure on the brake or clutch pedal during starting. ### Immobiliser #### Design (Fig. 1) - The immobiliser consists of a control unit and, depending on the manufacturer, either a hand-held transmitter or a transponder. - This can be integrated in an electronic key or chipcard. #### Transponder (made up from the words transmitter and responder, Fig. 2). - It comprises a microchip, which is encapsulated in glass, and an induction coil. #### Operating Principle - When the key is turned in the ignition lock, energy is transferred and the interrogation procedure of the vehicle immobiliser control unit (Fig. 2) is initiated. - The transponder detects the interrogation signal and releases its identification code. - This code is compared with that stored in the memory. - If the code is valid, the vehicle immobiliser control unit passes on a coded digital signal, e.g. via a CAN bus, to the engine management control unit. If this signal is accepted by the DME control unit, the engine can be started. - If the code is invalid, the engine will not start. - At the same time, the vehicle immobiliser control unit generates a new code at random, which is stored in the programmable part of the transponder (code change procedure). In this way, it can be assured for each start of the engine that a new valid code is stored in the key, thereby rendering the old one invalid. #### Keyless-go - With this system, an electronic ignition key, e.g. key or chipcard with transponder and radio remote control, has to be carried around but no longer actuated (Fig. 3). - The following functions can be carried out without actively using the ignition key: - Opening and locking vehicle - Starting and stopping engine by way of start/stop button - Engaging and disengaging steering column lock ### 20.2.1 Central Locking System - This allows locking, unlocking and securing of all doors, boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door. - This can be initiated from a central locking point, e.g. the driver's door, front passenger's door or the boot lid/tailgate. - Depending on the convenience and safety equipment in the motor vehicle, the central locking system may allow the sunroof or power windows to continue operating for a certain time, such as 60 seconds, even after the key has been withdrawn. - In order that the locks in the doors, the boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door can be locked and unlocked, actuators, or servo-motors, are necessary. ### 20.2.2 Vehicle Immobiliser - This is an electronic system that prevents unauthorised persons from bringing the vehicle into operation. - Vehicle immobilisers to supplement the locking system have been legally mandated for vehicles initially registered on or after 1.1.1995. This is stipulated by Paragraph 38a of the German Road Traffic Regulations and EU Directive ECE R18, et al. ### 20.2.3 Alarm System - An alarm system triggers optical and acoustic warning signals in the event of unauthorised intervention or impact. - **This comprises the following components (Fig. 2)**: - **Remote control**: - Control unit with power supply - Contact switch, for example, for doors, bonnet, boot lid/tailgate, luggage or glove compartment - Infrared sensor or ultrasonic transponder for interior monitoring - Position sensor for wheel theft and tow-away protection - Status display - Signal horn - Starting system - **Operating Principle**: - **Detection**: This means detection of the ignition key with access authorisation. To do this, there are antennae on the inside and outside of the vehicle (Fig. 1). - They send a radio signal with identification number and coded identification request to the transponder. - Following verification of identity, the doors, for example, are unlocked. - **Start authorisation**: The key needs to be in the vehicle so that when the start button is pressed, an inductive interrogation via the interior antennae can be initiated. Once positive identification has been verified, the engine will start. As soon as the engine starts, the electric steering column lock releases the steering. The driver has to depress and maintain pressure on the brake or clutch pedal during starting. ### 20.2 Antitheft Systems - Included here are all assemblies that serve to protect the vehicle and vehicle parts from theft and unauthorised use. - Examples of these are - Central locking system - Vehicle immobiliser - Alarm system #### 20.2.1 Central Locking System - This allows locking, unlocking and securing of all doors, boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door. - This can be initiated from a central locking point, e.g. the driver's door, front passenger's door or the boot lid/tailgate. - Depending on the convenience and safety equipment in the motor vehicle, the central locking system may allow the sunroof or power windows to continue operating for a certain time, such as 60 seconds, even after the key has been withdrawn. - In order that the locks in the doors, the boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door can be locked and unlocked, actuators, or servo-motors, are necessary. - Depending on actuation, a distinction is made between the: - Electric central locking system - Electro-pneumatic central locking system #### 20.2.2 Vehicle Immobiliser - This is an electronic system that prevents unauthorised persons from bringing the vehicle into operation. - Vehicle immobilisers to supplement the locking system have been legally mandated for vehicles initially registered on or after 1.1.1995. This is stipulated by Paragraph 38a of the German Road Traffic Regulations and EU Directive ECE R18, et al. #### 20.2.3 Alarm System - An alarm system triggers optical and acoustic warning signals in the event of unauthorised intervention or impact. - **This comprises the following components (Fig. 2)**: - **Remote control**: - Control unit with power supply - Contact switch, for example, for doors, bonnet, boot lid/tailgate, luggage or glove compartment - Infrared sensor or ultrasonic transponder for interior monitoring - Position sensor for wheel theft and tow-away protection - Status display - Signal horn - Starting system - **Operating Principle**: - **Detection**: This means detection of the ignition key with access authorisation. To do this, there are antennae on the inside and outside of the vehicle (Fig. 1). - They send a radio signal with identification number and coded identification request to the transponder. - Following verification of identity, the doors, for example, are unlocked. - **Start authorisation**: The key needs to be in the vehicle so that when the start button is pressed, an inductive interrogation via the interior antennae can be initiated. Once positive identification has been verified, the engine will start. As soon as the engine starts, the electric steering column lock releases the steering. The driver has to depress and maintain pressure on the brake or clutch pedal during starting. ### 20.2 Antitheft Systems - Included here are all assemblies that serve to protect the vehicle and vehicle parts from theft and unauthorised use. - Examples of these are: - Central locking system - Vehicle immobiliser - Alarm system #### 20.2.1 Central Locking System - This allows locking, unlocking and securing of all doors, boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door. - This can be initiated from a central locking point, e.g. the driver's door, front passenger's door or the boot lid/tailgate. - Depending on the convenience and safety equipment in the motor vehicle, the central locking system may allow the sunroof or power windows to continue operating for a certain time, such as 60 seconds, even after the key has been withdrawn. - In order that the locks in the doors, the boot lid/tailgate and fuel filler door can be locked and unlocked, actuators, or servo-motors, are necessary. - Depending on actuation, a distinction is made between the: - Electric central locking system - **Electro-pneumatic central locking system** #### 20.2.2 Vehicle Immobiliser - This is an electronic system that prevents unauthorised persons from bringing the vehicle into operation. - Vehicle immobilisers to supplement the locking system have been legally mandated for vehicles initially registered on or after 1.1.1995. This is stipulated by Paragraph 38a of the German Road Traffic Regulations and EU Directive ECE R18, et al. #### 20.2.3 Alarm System - An alarm system triggers optical and acoustic warning signals in the event of unauthorised intervention or impact. - **This comprises the following components (Fig. 2)**: - **Remote control**: - Control unit with power supply - Contact switch, for example, for doors, bonnet, boot lid/tailgate, luggage or glove compartment - Infrared sensor or ultrasonic transponder for interior monitoring - Position sensor for wheel theft and tow-away protection - Status display - Signal horn - Starting system - **Operating Principle**: - **Detection**: This means detection of the ignition key with access authorisation. To do this, there are antennae on the inside and outside of the vehicle (Fig. 1). - They send a radio signal with identification number and coded identification request to the transponder. - Following verification of identity, the doors, for example, are unlocked. - **Start authorisation**: The key needs to be in the vehicle so that when the start button is pressed, an inductive interrogation via the interior antennae can be initiated. Once positive identification has been verified, the engine will start. As soon as the engine starts, the electric steering column lock releases the steering. The driver has to depress and maintain pressure on the brake or clutch pedal during starting.