Science Notes PDF
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These notes provide an overview of homeostasis and the physiological factors involved, including temperature, pH, CO2, and glucose levels. The document also describes the systems responsible for maintaining homeostasis (nervous and endocrine systems), and details the process of thermoregulation as an example of negative feedback. There's also a basic introduction to cell types, tissues, organs, and systems in biology.
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Homeostasis - Mechanism that is involved in the regulation of the internal environment of an organism. 4 physiological that must remain within certain limits: - Temperature - pH levels - CO2 concentration - Glucose levels Systems that play a crucial role in maintaining home...
Homeostasis - Mechanism that is involved in the regulation of the internal environment of an organism. 4 physiological that must remain within certain limits: - Temperature - pH levels - CO2 concentration - Glucose levels Systems that play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis - Nervous system - Endocrine system Thermoregulation is an example of negative feedback. It is called negative feedback due to how the body responds in the opposite direction of a problem. Hypothalamus is a part of the brain that controls the body temperature. Negative feedback loop: Imbalance(stimulus) → Receptor → Corrective Mechanism → Effector → Imbalance corrected When blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas releases Insulin that goes to the liver to convert glucose to glycogen. Pancreas → sends Insulin to liver → to convert glucose to glycogen When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases Glucagon that goes to the liver to convert glycogen to glucose. Pancreas → sends Glucagon to liver → to convert glycogen to glucose Cell - Basic unit of life Tissue - Group of similar cells joined by a matrix Organ - Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific function System - Groups of 2 or + organs that help to perform a general function Organism - Group of tissues Muscle tissue: Contributes to motion, maintains corporal posture & keeps heat in body. Ex. Skeletal(arm), Cardiac(heart) & Smooth(intestin) muscles Nervous tissue: Starts & transmit nervous impulses Ex. Neurons Connective tissue: Connects, supports & protects Ex. Tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, blood & bones Epithelial tissue: Protection, absorption, excretion, secretion & sensation Ex. Skin surface & lining of gastrointestinal tract organs
