Science Facts to Remember PDF

Facts to Remember: Materials 1. Materials are used to make things around us. 2. There are different types of materials. Some come from plants, some from the earth, and some from animals. Some are man-made. 3. There are seven main classes of materials: o Wood...

Facts to Remember: Materials 1. Materials are used to make things around us. 2. There are different types of materials. Some come from plants, some from the earth, and some from animals. Some are man-made. 3. There are seven main classes of materials: o Wood o Rock o Metal o Plastic o Rubber o Glass o Fiber 4. Wood comes from trees. It is hard. It is used for making houses, furniture, paper, and boxes. 5. Rock comes from the Earth's crust. It is hard and strong. It includes stone, clay, and sand. 6. Metal comes from the Earth's crust. It is hard, strong, and shiny. It can be shaped and bent. 7. Plastic is produced from petroleum. It is light, flexible, tough, and can be brittle. It's used for making kitchenware and electrical appliances. 8. Rubber is obtained naturally from rubber trees. It is elastic and soft. It cannot withstand heat. It is used to make tires, erasers, and balls. 9. Glass is obtained by heating sand and limestone. It is transparent and breaks easily. It is used as window-panes, glass bottles, and light bulbs. 10. Fiber comes from cotton, jute, wool, and silk. It is used for making clothes, carpets, canvas, curtains, ropes, and school bags. 11. There are three types of materials: o Natural materials: Found naturally (e.g., logs, sand, rocks). o Man-made materials: Made from natural materials (e.g., glass, plastic, paper, nylon). o Flexible materials: Can be stretched, bent, twisted (e.g., erasers, rubber bands, gloves). 12. Heat can cause changes in materials: o Temporary/Physical Change: The material changes state (solid, liquid, gas) but can go back (e.g., ice melting). o Permanent/Chemical Change: The material changes into a new material and cannot go back (e.g., wood burning).  Facts to Remember: Forces 1. A force can make things move or make moving things stop. 2. The simplest forces are push and pull. 3. A force can be large or small. 4. When we push or pull an object, it often moves. 5. Push and pull are examples of forces. 6. Some examples of forces are pushing, pulling, lifting, stretching, twisting, squeezing, pressing, and bending. 7. What can a force do? o Start an object to move. o Speed up a moving object. o Change the direction of a moving object. o Slow down a moving object. o Change the shape of an object. o Change the size of an object. o Rotate an object. o Stop a moving object. 8. Types of Force: o Muscular Force: Force produced by muscles (people or animals). o Electric Force: Force produced by rubbing (e.g., comb on hair attracting paper). o Magnetic Force: Force used by a magnet to attract certain materials (e.g., iron nails). Facts to Remember: Plants 1. Plants are living things that need air, water, food, and light to stay alive. 2. There are many kinds of plants on Earth. Some are big, and some are small. 3. Types of Plants: o Shrubs o Herbs o Creepers o Trees 4. Different places where plants grow: o Land o Water o Trees o Even on buildings 5. Grouping of Plants: o Flowering plants: Plants that bear flowers. Most fruits and vegetables come from these. o Non-flowering plants: Plants that do not bear flowers. 6. Parts of a flowering plant and their functions: o Roots: Take in water and minerals from the soil. Hold the plant in the soil. o Stem: Sends water and minerals to all parts of the plant. o Branches: Hold the leaves and support the flowers and fruits. o Leaves: Make food for the plant using sunlight. o Flowers: Help to produce new young plants. Become fruits. o Fruits: Have seeds. Protect the seeds. Seeds grow into new plants. Facts to Remember: Animals 1. Animals are grouped: o According to their features o According to their food o According to their movement 2. Animals are divided into two groups by features: o Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone. o Invertebrates: Animals without a backbone. 3. Vertebrates: o Fish: Live in water. o Amphibians: Live on land and in water. o Reptiles: Move by creeping or crawling. o Birds: Have wings, feathers, and a beak. Some can fly. o Mammals: Feed young with milk. Give birth to young. 4. Invertebrates: o Worms: Long, soft bodies. o Spiders: Eight legs. o Insects: Six legs, often wings, three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen). 5. Animals are divided into four groups by food: o Carnivores: Eat only meat. o Herbivores: Eat only plants. o Omnivores: Eat both meat and plants. o Insectivores: Eat only insects. 6. Animals move in different ways: o Use their legs (running, climbing, crawling). o Use their wings (flying). o Use their fins (swimming). o Use their bodies (crawling, creeping). o Use their arms and legs (climbing, swinging, walking, running). 7. Food Chain: Shows how living things get food and how energy passes from one to another. Starts with plants and ends with animals. 8. Predator: An animal that hunts other animals for food. 9. Prey: An animal that is hunted by a predator for food.