Forces PDF

Forces PUSH on PULL applied in the object changes the motion of the object Fonce can make objects. -stop -move move faster - change direction. Does force always make object move? No Magnitude The size on strength of the force Direction Points to where the object goes; or direction of force Point...

Forces PUSH on PULL applied in the object changes the motion of the object Fonce can make objects. -stop -move move faster - change direction. Does force always make object move? No Magnitude The size on strength of the force Direction Points to where the object goes; or direction of force Point of Application Location where the force is applied Line of Action The straight line passing through the point of application, parallel to the direction of fonce. UNDER MAGNITUDE N(Newton)-Meter-kilogram-Seconds (MKS) dve (Dyne)-Centimeter-Gram-Seconds (SGS) Ibs (Pounds)-Foot-Pound-Second (FPS) TYPES CONTACT-Fonces acting an object in physical contact NON-CONTACT-Forces acting over a zone, area, or field EX. OF CONTACT FORCE Applied Force, F. fonced applied by an object or person to another object or penson. Pushing a car. Pulling a door, lifting a box. kikking a ball Friction. FF. force that acts opposite to the direction of motion. Sliding a book. Driving a car, Walking Normal. En force that acts perpendicular to the object, balanced the object. Sitting on a chair, Placing a book on a table, Stacking blocks Tension, Fer fonce applied to a chain, nope, cable string and the likes. Swinging on a rope, Hanging a picture, Pulling a sled, Elavator cable BALANCE FORCES These are forces which are of opposite direction and equal in magnitude of force. Balanced fonces do not cause a change in motion when balanced forces act on an object at rest the object will not move.. UNBALANCE FORCES Unbalanced forces are present forces that cause a change in the motion of an object are unbalanced forces are not equal and in opposite direction LAW OF INTERTIA Newton's first law of motion, the law of Intentia. states that "an object at nest remains at nest. and an object in motion will continue to move at constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force. "The tendency of an object to maintain its state of rest of uniform. velocity in a straight line is called intentia. Mass is a measure of a intentia of an object. The greaten the mass of an object, the hander it is to move when it or difficult to stop when in motion LAW OF ACCELERATION The second law of motion is the law of acceleration whith states that "the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the objects mass. The direction of the acceleration is in the dinection of the net fonce acting on the object F=md The symbol (sigma) stands for the algebraic sum Fstands for the net force acting on the object,m for mass and a" for its acceleration. The arrow above the letters Fand a indicates that both have magnitude and direction LAW OF INTERACTION The third law of motion is the law of interaction. which states that "for every action, there is always. an equal and opposite reaction. This law tell us that a force excented an any object is always exerted. ENERGY -the ability or capacity to do work -is never created or destroy can be TRANSFORMED -can be only stoped or transfered POTENTIAL ENERGY -Gravitational Potential Energy -Elastic Potential Energy -Chemical Potential Energy -Energy that is stoned and walting to be used later GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY -stoned energy -energy due to an object's position GPE: mass x height-gravity -GPE -mgh ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY -due compression on expansion of an elastic Energy CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY -stored within the chemical bonds of an object. KINETIC ENERGY an object has due to its motion Sound is created when something vibrates That vibration makes sound waves that go back and forth Sound has to travel through a MEDIUM for us to be able to hear it PROPAGATION OF SOUND MEDIUM material that sound waves can travel through It can travel through solids, liquids, and gasses. but not through a vacuum. LONGITUDINAL It is a type of wave that moves back and forth MECHANICAL It is a type of wave that requires a medium for it to travel PARTS OF LONGTUDINAL WAVES COMPRESSION: where the particles are close together RAREFACTION: where the particles ane spread apart WHAT ARE THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE SPEED OF SOUND? 1. MEDIUM Solid liquid Gas Sound waves travel fastest in SOLIDS and slowest in GASES a ELASTICITY Sound travels faster within more elastic objects. due to the strong attraction of atoms. Ability of material to return to its original forms after being applied with force. b. DENSITY The lessen the density of the medium, the faster is the speed of sound. It is determined by the amount of mass per area of space on volume of the material. C. TEMPERATURE Molecules at higher temperatures have mone energy, thus they can vibrate faster. Refers to the degree of hotness or coldness of the material. The higher the temperature, the faster is the speed of sound. The speed of sound increased by 0.60 m/s with every increase of 1 degree Celsius SPEED OF SOUND v=331号+ (0.6).T v= speed T= temperature in °C PROPERTIES OF SOUND 1. REFLECTION Examples of reflected sound are echo and reverbenation (multiple echoes) It refens to the turning back of the waves as it hits the barnier 2. REFRACTION It refers to the change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another WORK product of the net fonce distance move dinection of fonce is always parallel Workforce x panallel distance w=fd F= force (Newton on N) d=distance (Meten onm) POWER is a rate at which work is done Power Wonk time on W T on Fd DISPERSION Golons of light are hierarchically arranged as ROVGBIV. LIGTH an electromagnetic wave, a form of energy that can travel freely across a space It does NOT need a medium for it to travel CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGTH speed It travels in its maximum speed in vacuum but decreases as it moves along different media. ✓ Light is a transverse wave The vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave ✔Light has both electric and magnetic fields at night angles ✓Light travels in a straight line shadows are formed when an object is placed in the path of rays of light ✓ Reflection PROPERTIES OF LIGHT ✓ Refraction ▷ Dispension REFLECTION It nefers to the bouncing back of light waves Regular-images are clear and exact Diffuse-light is scattered due to an inregular sunface REFRACTION It refers to the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another different optical densities Optical density is the measurement of the component's ability to strow the transmission of light. Incident ray is the incoming ray Refracted nay is the outgoing ray Light ray bends towands the normal when travelling from a less dense medium to a higher dense medium INDEX OR REFRACTION is the quantity that compares the speed of light to its speed in vacuum DISPERSION It refers to the special kind of refraction which provided us color of light It is observed when white light passes through a triangular prism THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTRICITY 600 ec-Thales a Greek Philosopen and scientist he discovered static electricity 16th CENTURY-William Gilbert an English scientist, found that many other differ materials could be made to act like Amber. objects were nubbed against each other they were able to attract light objects He called this strange, behavion electricity MOOBRN ELECTRICAL SCIENCES DISCOVED IN 19th JAMES CLECK MAXWELL- 4 keys law of electromagne tism (1865) ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL - telephone (1870-1875) NICOLA TESTLA - alternating current induction motor (18805) RESISTANCE CURRENT VOLTAGE Label omega A-ampers V- volts Depends The size of the The resista Greater on wire nce in the Thick wire less circuit nesistance potential difference -Greater greater voltage Thin wire more resistance nesistance less current Long wire more-less nesistance resistance the greater Short wine less the current resistance Georg Simon Ohm (Ohm's Law) Discovered in 1825 Relates 3 key quantities in electrical circuit Voltage (V) Currunt (1) Resistance (R) V= IXR Voltage Current x Resistance In scientific units Volts Ampenes x Ohms DEFINITION The current is an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance RESISTANCE CURRENT VOLTAGE Deffinition The opposition The flow Potential to the flow of of electrons Difference charges through (the push a cincuit behind electricity) FORMULA: VIXR = V IVIRLA RV/I QUANTITY SYMBOL UNITABBREVITION Current Ampere Voltage Eor V R Volt Resistance ohm Ω Suppose a wire has twice the resistance Doubling the resistance of the circuit wine will mean twice the electromotive force (voltage) required to drive the same current through the circuit. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT -a system consisting of components, in which electric current flows - is a closed loop through in which current can flow CIRCUIT DIAGRAM cell lamp switch wires TYPES OF CIRCUIT Series Circuit Parallel cincuits DISADVANTAGES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT The loads in a series circuit ane difficult to control individually. When the switch is off, all loads in the cincuit will not function anymore. SERIES CIRCUTS -The components are connected to the end-to-end They make a simple loop for the curnent to flow round. PROPERTIES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT The total nesistance of a series circuit is the sum of all resistance in the circuit The voltage sources is equal to the sum all the voltage in each load in a circult The current is constant across each other ADVANTAGES OF A SERIES CIRCUIT It does not overheat easily There is only one path for the current to flow from the voltage sources to the different loads. It would be easy to connect and disconnect a new load. There is no need to expensence thick wines. PARALLEL CIRCUIT The components are connected side-by-side The current has a choice of route. PROPERTIES OF A PARALLEL CIRCUT The more load is added in a parallel connection. the total nesistance decreases The is only one voltage which is equal to voltagesource The total current is equal to the sum of all the currents in each load in a parallel circuit ADVANTAGES OF A DARALLEL CIRCUIT All loads in a parallel connection are directly connected to the voltage source Even if one of the light bulb is damaged, all other light bulbs will still function since the flow of current is not entirely interrupted The individual load ina parallel cincuit is easy to control All light bulbs and appliances at home are connected in parallel DISADVANTAGES OF A PARALLEL CIRCUIT Overloading may happen if appliances are simultanuesly used at home -A parallel connection is difficult to install, maintain and repair since a large volume of conducting wines is needed It nequines the use of several conducting wires of varying wines